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Mediterranean Europe
LETS BEGIN OUR INVESTIGATION OF EUROPE’S REGIONAL HISTORY !
“All roads lead to Rome”
DO YOU THINK THIS SAYING WAS EVER TRUE?
WHY OR WHY NOT?
Map Review:
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All Roads Lead to Rome:
• It is true
• In ancient Europe, most roads did lead to Rome
• The Romans built a large network of well-paved roads
• Why?
• To aid in communication and make it possible for the army to march quickly to distant
locations
Greece – The Birthplace of Democracy:
• Beginning about 2000 B.C., people from the north moved onto the
Balkan Peninsula
• Built villages in the mountains but the mountains made these villages
isolated from one another
• As a result, these villages developed into city-states
• A city state is a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands
Greece – Birthplace of Democracy:
• The city state of Athens developed the first democracy
• A democracy is a government in which the people rule
• In Athens, all free adult males were citizens who had the right to serve
in the law-making assembly
• Athenian democracy helped inspire the U.S. system
• The Greeks made advances in science, philosophy, drama, and art,
which helped shape modern culture
Greece – Birthplace of Democracy:
• In 400 B.C., a series of costly wars with Persia weakened the city-states
of Greece
• Also, the Athenians fought a ruinous war with Sparta, a rival Greek
city-state
• Finally in 338 B.C., Macedonia (a kingdom to the north) conquered
Greece
• Beginning in 336 B.C., the Macedonian general Alexander the Great
conquered Persia and part of India
• His empire spread Greek culture but broke up after his death
Ancient Greece:
What brought an end to Greece?
Being conquered by Macedonia
The Roman Empire:
• As Greece lost power, a state to the west was rising
• This state was Rome
• By 275 B.C., Rome controlled the Italian Peninsula
• At the time, Rome was a republic
• This meant that the people elected representatives to the government to rule in
their name
• The Roman Empire grew by conquering territory overseas, including
the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas
Partner Discussion Activity:
• With your partner, answer the questions below
• Is the United States’ Government more like the government of Athens or the
Roman Republic?
• Which one is better for a small group? Why?
• Which one is better for a large group? Why?
• In order for the other one to work for a large group, what must happen?
• Once everyone is done, we will review your answers as a class
• Everyone should, because this will go towards your participation grade
The Roman Empire:
• During this time, Rome was struggling with unrest caused by decades
of inequalities
• This led Romans to seek strong leadership
• As a result, Rome began to be ruled by an emperor, ending the republic
The Rise of Christianity:
• One of Rome’s overseas territories was Palestine
• The place Jesus was born
• Christianity soon spread across the Empire
• By the late 300s Christianity was Rome’s official religion
The Roman Empire:
• By 395 A.D., the empire was too big for a single government, so it split
into a western and eastern half
• The Western Roman Empire grew weak
• Why?
• German invaders from the north
• As a result, Western Rome fell in 476 A.D.
• The Eastern Roman Empire lasted nearly 1,000 years longer
The Roman Empire:
Western and Eastern Empire:
In reaction to the size of its empire,
what did Rome do?
It split its Empire into a western
and eastern half
Italian City-States:
• The invaders who took over the Italian Peninsula had no tradition of
strong central government
• Italy eventually became divided into many small states
• In 1096, European Christian launched the Crusades
• A series of wars to take the Holy Land from the Muslims
• Italians earned huge profits by supplying ships that carried Crusaders
to the Middle East
The Crusades
HTTP://WWW.HISTORY.COM/TOPICS/CRUSADES
Italian City-States:
• The Renaissance
• Began in the Italian city-states
• It was a time where there was renewed spirit for learning and the arts that lasted
from the 14th through 16th centuries
• Renaissance ideas were spread throughout Europe
The Bubonic Plague:
• By the 1300s, Italian merchants were growing rich from the trade of
luxury goods from Asia
• In October 1347, trading ships sailed into the port of Messina, Sicily,
carrying the disease we came to know as the bubonic plague
• Over the next four years, the plague spread along trade routes
throughout Europe
• An estimated 25 million Europeans died (1/4 or 1/3 of the population)
What was the Renaissance?
Renewed spirit for learning and the
th
arts that lasted from the 14 through
the 16th centuries
Transmission of the Plague:
• 1.) The bacterium that causes the bubonic plague lives in the guts of
fleas
• 2.) The fleas bite rats and infect them
• 3.) Rats come in contact with humans and the fleas jump off of the
dying rat to the humans to feed off them
• 4.) Humans become infected from flea bites
• 5.) Humans spread the disease through coughing, sneezing, and
spitting up infected blood or saliva
Spain’s Empire:
• In the 700s, Muslims from North Africa conquered the Iberian
Peninsula
• They controlled parts of this region for 700 years
• Spain’s Catholic rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella, retook Spain in 1492
• That same year, Queen Isabella sent Christopher Columbus on his first
voyage
• This would lead to them spreading Catholicism and Spanish influence
across the world
Where did the bubonic plague
originate?
It originated with fleas