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CHAPTER 1:
PARTS
OF A
SENTENCE
Complete Subjects and Predicates
All sentences have 2 parts:

Subject

Predicate
Complete Subjects and Predicates

The complete subject tells whom or what
the sentence is about.
Some architects bring nature indoors.
The small puppy whined for its mother.
That antique Corvette is very fast.
Complete Subjects and Predicates

The complete predicate tells the action or
condition of the subject.
Some architects bring nature indoors.
The small puppy whined for its mother.
That antique Corvette is very fast.
Complete Subjects and Predicates
Draw a line between the complete subject and
complete predicate:
1. My friend Max wrote the letter.
2. The storm clouds are dark.
3. His broken leg healed in three months.
4. The people ran from the burning building.
5. Sara helped me with my math homework.
Simple Subjects

The simple subject is the main word(s) in the
complete subject.
Some architects bring nature indoors.
The small puppy whined for its mother.
That antique Corvette is very fast.
Simple Subjects


Adjectives are NOT part of the simple subject.
The birthday cake was delicious!
When a proper noun is the subject, the whole
name is the simple subject.
Robert Peary explored the North Pole.
Simple Predicates (Verbs)

The simple predicate (or verb) is the main
word(s) in the complete predicate.
Some architects bring nature indoors.
The small puppy whined for its mother.
That antique Corvette is very fast.
Simple Predicates (Verbs)

There are two types of main verbs:
Action verb – shows action.
Linking verb – shows condition.
Pioneers made bricks from dirt and grass.
Swimming pools are refreshing in hot weather.
Simple Predicates (Verbs)
Linking Verbs
am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being,
appear, become, feel, look, sound, smell, taste,
seem, remain, grow
Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates (Verbs)
Underline the simple subject and circle the simple
predicate (verb):
1. My friend Max wrote the letter.
2. The storm clouds are dark.
3. His broken leg healed in three months.
4. The people ran from the burning building.
5. Sara helped me with my math homework.
Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments


A sentence fragment is missing a subject, a predicate,
or both.
A sentence fragment may have a subject and
predicate but does not express a complete thought.
A high quality car. (missing a predicate)
Went to the store. (missing a subject)
Until 2:30 in the morning! (missing a subject and predicate)
Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments
Identify each group of words below as a complete
sentence or sentence fragment.
1.
Annie and her best friend Julia.
2.
While Thomas was making dinner.
3.
Didn’t have a care in the world.
4.
Five slices of pizza.
5.
It was fun.
6.
Even though I am very tired.
Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments


A run-on sentence is two or more sentences written as a
single sentence.
There are two types of run-on sentences:
 Fused – two or more sentences joined together
without punctuation.
Example: The sun is high put on some sunblock.
 Comma
splice – two or more sentences joined
together with only a comma.
Example: The sun is high, put on some sunblock.
Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments

There are three ways to fix run-on sentences:
1. Put a period between the sentences.
The sun is high. Put on some sunblock.
2. Put a semicolon between the sentences.
The sun is high; put on some sunblock.
or,
3. Put a comma and a conjunction (for, and, nor, but,
yet, so) between the sentences.
The sun is high, so put on some sunblock.
Verb Phrases
In a sentence, the verb may consist of one or more
words. These words are called a verb phrase.
 A verb phrase is made up of a main verb and
one or more helping verbs.

Steve has finished the book.
has = helping verb
finished = main verb (action)
Verb Phrases


A main verb can stand by itself in a sentence.
I go to the store with my friend Maggie.
go = main verb
A helping verb helps the main verb show time.
I will go to the store with my friend Maggie.
will = helping verb
go = main verb
Verb Phrases
Common Helping Verbs
is, am, are, was, were,
be, been, do, does, did,
has, have, had ,
may, might, can,
should, could, would,
shall, will
Verb Phrases
Underline the helping verb(s) and circle the main verb:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The monster costume had frightened some of the
children.
The leaves have been changing very slowly this year.
We did see the new penguin exhibit at the zoo.
Who will be bringing the paper plates?
You are walking home from school today.
Compound Subjects and Verbs


A compound subject is made up of two or more subjects
that share the same verb.
The subjects are joined by a conjunction such as and, or,
or but.
Cookies and cake are my favorite desserts!
The thunder and lightning scared my dog.
Ice or snow can make driving dangerous.
Compound Subjects and Verbs


A compound verb is made up of two or more verbs that
share the same subject.
The verbs are joined by a conjunction such as and, or, or
but.
Powerful winds lift and carry heavy objects.
The children slipped and slid on the ice.
My friend laughed and smiled at the joke.
My mom and I danced and sang.
Compound Subjects and Verbs
Identify the compound subject OR compound verb:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I climbed the tree and looked in the bird's nest.
The principal and the dean of students are retiring.
Everyone was playing or swimming in the pool.
One of my friends and his dad have flown to Brazil.
The girl sat there but said nothing.
Direct Objects

A direct object tells who/what receives the action in a
sentence.
Movie producers often borrow real homes.
(borrow what? homes)
The right house can charm viewers.
(can charm whom? viewers)
Direct Objects
Identify the direct objects in the following sentences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The boy bought a new kite.
Janet loves country music.
My sister feeds the cat every morning.
She called the doctor to give a report.
Indirect Objects


An indirect object tells for who/what the action is
done.
It usually comes between a verb and direct object.
I lent Christie my social studies book.
(lent book to whom? Christie)
My brother offered us free movie passes.
(offered passes to whom? us)
Indirect Objects
Identify the indirect objects in the following sentences:
1.
He gave me excellent directions to the stadium.
2.
I told my class that stupid joke.
3.
Norman handed the bellboy a tip.
4.
I wish you great success.
Predicate Nouns

A predicate noun follows a linking verb and defines or
renames the subject.
Monarch butterflies are insects. (defines)
butterflies = insects
Soccer is a sport for all ages. (renames)
Soccer = sport
Predicate Nouns
Identify the predicate nouns:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Math and science are my best subjects.
The specialty of the restaurant is cheese fondue.
My sister became a lawyer after years of study.
Helen has been my best friend since kindergarten.
Predicate Adjectives

A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and
describes the quality of the subject.
Monarchs look beautiful. (describes)
Monarchs = beautiful
To my friends, that movie seemed funny. (describes)
movie = funny
Predicate Adjectives
Identify the predicate adjectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Paul was disappointed with his strikeout.
The crowd grew restless because of the long delay.
Before the concert, the singer appeared very nervous.
Audrey sounded quite cheerful on the phone.
Kinds of Sentences

There are four kinds of sentences:
declarative
exclamatory
interrogative
imperative
Kinds of Sentences




Declarative – Makes a statement; always ends with a
period.
Interrogative – Asks a question; always ends with a
question mark
Imperative – Tells or asks someone to do something.
Usually ends in a period, but may end with an
exclamation point.
Exclamatory – Shows strong feelings; always ends with
an exclamation point.
Kinds of Sentences
Identify each sentence below as exclamatory,
interrogative, imperative, or declarative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Are you having a bad day?
Don’t be late for the basketball game.
I have seen that movie twice.
You can’t be serious!
Be careful!
Subjects in Unusual Order


QUESTIONS
In a question, the subject usually comes after the verb
or between parts of the verb phrase.
Does the weather look good?
Is your mom picking us up?
To find the subject, turn the question into a statement.
The weather does look good.
Your mom is picking us up.
Subjects in Unusual Order

COMMANDS
The subject of a command (imperative sentence) is
usually you. Often, you doesn’t appear in the sentence
because it is understood.
Meet us at the concession stand.
(You) Meet us at the concession stand.
Bring money for snacks!
(You) Bring money for snacks!
Subjects in Unusual Order

Inverted Sentences
In an inverted sentence, the subject comes after the
verb. Writers use inverted sentences to improve their
sentence fluency.
Normal: The first batter walked up to the plate.
Inverted: Up to the plate walked the batter.
Normal: The fans cheered loud and long.
Inverted: Loud and long cheered the fans.
Subjects in Unusual Order
Identify the subject in each sentence below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
From the playpen came the cries of my little nephew.
Does he look like my brother?
Up the ladder climbed the little boy.
Go to the store to pick up milk.
What are you doing on New Years Eve?