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Transcript
The Tense and Aspect System Chapter 7, Part 1 ENGLISH 5050: English Syntax and Morphology Robert F. van Trieste, Ph.D. All quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from chapter 7 of The Grammar Book, 2nd edition. Finite and non-finite verb forms Finite verb forms “are verb forms suitable for use in predicates in that they carry inflections or other formal characteristics limiting their number (singular / plural), person, and tense(past / present, etc). Finite verbs can function on their own as the core of an independent sentence” [or as tense-bearing auxiliaries]. http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/grammar/finite-verb.asp “The non-finite forms of a verb have no tense, person or singular plural. The infinitive and present and past participles are the non-finite parts of a verb; To do; doing; done” http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/non-finite-verb.html Non-finite “a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject; and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause.” http://dictionary.babylon.com/ You can find another nice explanation of non-finite at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-finite_verb Tense Form vs. Time Reference “We include the future on this list of tenses [page110]. . ., for although there is no verb inflection for future time, any description of the English tense-aspect system needs to account for what form-meaning combinations do exist that relate to future time.” Aspect: form vs. meaning Aspect refers “primarily to the way the grammar marks the duration or type of temporal activity denoted by the verb” (Crystal, 2003). However, as with tense, it is safer to associate aspect with particular forms. Simple Progressive Perfective She studies syntax. She is reading. She has read all the Harry Potter novels. – Imperfective (not English) – Habitual • She used to read a lot. She reads a lot. – Iterative • She keeps saying that. She is tapping her pen. – Others • For example, He is smoking again. End
