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Hip LE includes pelvis, thigh, leg and foot Pelvis consists of two hip bones (os coxae), sacrum and coccyx Hip bone consists of ilium, ishium an pubis fused together and the sacrum and coccys Thigh is the femur and patella Leg is tibia and fibula Foot is 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges Hip is primarily for weight-bearing and walking activities and is very stable Femur is the longest, strongest and heaviest bone in the body Joint capsule is strong and thick and covers the joint in a cylindrical fashion round the joint and most of the femoral neck Ligaments Iliofemoral is most important and reinforces the capsule anteriorly. It splits into two parts distally and is often referred to as the Y ligament or ligament of Bigelow Functions to limit hyperextension Pubofemoral ligament located medially and inferiorly to limit hyperextension and abduction Ischiofemoral ligament located posteriorly to limit hyperextension and medial rotation The three ligaments all attach along the rim of the acetabulum and cross the hip joint in a spiral fashion. This configuration limits motion in one direction (hyperextension) while allowing full motion in the other (flexion). They are slack in flexion and become taut as moves into hyperextension. Acetabulum depth increased by fibrocartilagious acetabular labrum The iliotibial band or tract is very long, tendinous portion of the tensor fascia latae (TFL) muscle. Attaches to the anterior portion of the iliac crest and runs superficially down the lateral side of the thigh to attach to the tibia. Consists of fibers from the gluteus maximus and TFL