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Knee Anatomy Ernest F. Talarico, Jr., Ph.D. Associate Director of Medical Education Associate Professor and Course Director, Human Gross Anatomy & Embryology Coordinator, Anatomical Education Program Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest AY14-15 Knee Joint • The most complex joint in the body. Femur round, tibia flat. • Comprised of 3 bones. – Femur – Tibia – patella Femur • Medial and Lateral Condylesdistal ends of the femur. Patella • Patella tendonattaches to the anterior of the tibia. • Quadriceps tendon-attaches the quadriceps to the patella. Cruciate Ligaments • Major stabilizing ligaments in the knee • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur • Injuries caused by hyperflexion Cruciate Ligaments • Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)-It prevents the tibia from sliding backwards under the femur. • Injuries usually caused by Hyperextension Collateral Ligament • Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)connect the tibia and the femur. • A force from the lateral side could cause a tear. Collateral Ligament • Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)connect the fibula to the femur. • A force from the medial side can cause a tear of the LCL Cartilage • Articulate Cartilage-covers the moving parts of the knee. • Chronic damage to articulate cartilage leads to arthritis. Cartilage • Meniscus- half moon shaped cartilage lying between the knee joint. Meniscus Tear • Surgery • Chronic Arthritis Knee Injuries • ACL Replace ment surgery.
