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BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB
Krešimir Tućin
2nd year, 2013/14
University of Zagreb Medical School
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
Function
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Carry and support the weight of the entire erect
body
Points for muscular attachments
Locomotion (standing, walking, jumping, running,
kicking, etc.)
Components
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Thigh
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Knee
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Femur
Patella
Leg
Tibia (medial)
 Fibula (lateral)
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Foot
Tarsals (7)
 Metatarsals (5)
 Phalanges (14)
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Surface anatomy
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Bony prominences and margins – palpable
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Exception: hip joint, neck, and shaft of the femur
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Anatomical landmarks – define the extent of the
leg
Superior anterior iliac spine, greater trochanter,
medial condyle of tibia, and medial malleolus
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Anterior thigh
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Patella
Femur
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Anterior leg bones
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Tibia
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Tibial tuberosity
Anterior crest
Medial surface
Medial malleolus
Fibula
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Condyles
Head
Lateral malleolus
Posterior side – only tendons
palpable
Femur
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Thigh bone
Largest, longest, strongest bone in the body!
Receives a lot of stress
Courses medially
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More in women!
Articulates with acetabulum proximally
and socket”) joint
Articulates with tibia and patella distally

lat. acetabulum = vinegar cup
hip (“ball
knee joint
Knee

Femur, patella, tibia
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Patella
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Kneecap
Triangular sesamoid
bone
Protects knee joint
Improves leverage of
thigh muscles acting
across the knee
Contained within
patellar ligament
Tibia

Shin bone

Receives weight of body
from femur and transmits to
foot
Second to femur in size and
weight
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Articulates with fibula
proximally and distally

Articulates with femur and
patella proximally
Fibula
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Does NOT bear weight!
Muscle attachment
Not part of knee joint
Stabilizes ankle joint
*ankle joint = tibia, fibula, talus
Fractures of the tibia and fibula
Foot
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Function:
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Supports the weight of
the body
Acts as a lever to
propel the body
forward
Parts:
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Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges of the foot
Tarsals
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Hind part of the foot
7 short bones
Similar to the carpals
Parts:
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Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Metatarsals and phalanges of the foot
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Metatarsals
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Phalanges
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Midfoot
Similar to metacarpals
Forefoot
2 in the big toe, 3 in
each of the other toes
Both long bones
Foot arches
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3 arches
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Medial
Longitudinal
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Lateral
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Transverse
Tendons
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Function
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Inferior to foot bones
Help support arches of foot
Support the weight of the
body during standing
Elastic propulsion during
walking
Flat foot
References
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en.wikipedia.org
www.innerbody.com
www.dartmouth.edu
faculty.ccri.edu
Elsevier, Drake et al: Gray's anatomy for students