Download Hip Joint

The Hip Joint
The Hip Joint
•The hip joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the femur into the acetabulum
of the hip.
•ball-and-socket joint.
•Synovial joint
Bones
•Ilium
•Ischium
•Pubis
•Femur
•The acetabulum is formed by the pubis, ischium and ilium bones
Joint Capsule
•Strong fibrous sleeve
•specialized thickening, called ligaments, add stability
•Anteriorly
–proximally to the bone surrounding the acetabulum.
–Distally to the trochanteric line
•Posteriorly
–to the margins of the acetabulum and surrounding bone
–neck of the femur- not to the trochanteric crest
Ligaments
Iliofemoral ligament:
•Strongest ligament in the human body.
•Attaches to the illium between the two heads of the rectus femoris muscle.
•Y shaped. One goes to the base of the greater trochanter and the other to the base of the
lesser trochanter.
•Seeks to resist excessive extension of the hip joint.
Ligaments
Ischiofemoral ligament:
•Attaches from the ischial part of the acetabular rim to the femur.
•Posterior joint capsule is reinforced by this ligament.
Pubofemoral ligament:
•Attaches to the base of the lesser trochanter and the superior ramus of the pubis, just
above the obturator foramen.
•It is inferior to the iliofemoral ligament and reinforces the inferior part of the hip joint
capsule.
•It also blends with the medial parts of the iliofemoral ligament
Ligaments
•The round ligament of the head of the femur is attached to the transverse acetabular
ligament and extends to the fovea centralis on the head of the femur
•A fibrocartilaginous ring called the acetabular labrum deepens the acetabulum and
clasps the head of the femur which makes the joint more stable
Muscles
•External rotators: piriformis, quadratus femoris, Obturator internus and externus,
gemellus superior and inferior,
•Flexors: iliopsoas, rectus femoris
•Adductors: adductor magnus, adductor longus and brevis, pectineus, gracilis
•Internal rotators: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae
•Extensors: semitendinosus and semimembranosus, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus
•Abductors: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Nerves
•Femoral
•Obturator
•Sciatic
•Nerve to quadratus femoris
•Direct branches of sacral plexus
Blood Supply
•Medial Circumflex
•Lateral Circumflex
•Obturator
•Inferior gluteal
Movements
Movements
•Flexion- mainly due to contraction of the iliopsoas muscle, with help from the sartorius,
rectus femoris, and pectineus
•Extension- chiefly by the guteus maximus muscles with help by the hamstrings
•Adduction- by the adductor longus, brevis, magnus and the gracilis
•Abduction- by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
•Lateral rotation- by the gluteus maximus, quadratus femoris, piriformis, obturator
internus and externus, gemelli
•Medial rotation- by the anterior part of the glueteus minimus and medius and tensor
fasciae latae muscles