Download Non Muscular Anatomy

Non Muscular Anatomy
Hip
Hip Joint
• Articulation between head of femur and
acetabulum
• Synovial ball and socket joint
• Transmits weight from trunk to lower limb
• Acetabulum faces laterally, anteriorly and
inferiorly
• Femoral head faces medially, anteriorly and
superiorly
• Anterior part of the femoral head articulates
with the joint capsule
• Acetabulum missing inferiorly forming the
“acetabular notch”
• Acetabular fossa forms the non-articulating
part of the acetabulum
Hip - Ligaments
• Iliofemoral ligament
• ASIS and rim of acetabulum,
passes obliquely downwards and
lateral to the intertrochanteric line
on the anterior femoral head
• Very strong and think
• Closely connected to the joint
capsule
• Y shaped
• Split into two bands
• Anterior to the joint
Hip - Ligaments
• Pubofemoral ligament
• From the obturator crest and the
superior ramus of the pubis to the
inferior capsule and iliofemoral
ligament
• Strengthens the inferior and
anterior aspects of the joint
capsule
• Merges with the inferior band of
the iliofemoral ligament
Hip - Ligaments
• Ischiofemoral ligament
• From the ischium and acetabulum
merging with the capsule
posteriorly attaching into the
intertrochanteric line of the femur
• Spiral ligament
• Attaches onto the superior
femoral neck and greater
trochanter
• More posterior
Hip – Ligaments – Restraints to Motion
Hip – Joint Capsule and Synovial Membrane
• Fibrous capsule is very strong
• Surrounds the acetabulum and
attaches onto the intertrochanteric
line of the neck of the femur
• Gluteus minimus tendon inserts
into the capsule
• Synovial membrane lines the
internal surface of the capsule
• Arises from the acetabular labrum
and tranverse ligament to the
fovea capitis
• Anterior capsule communicates
with the psoas bursa
Hip – Extracapsular Structures
• Transverse ligament of the acetabulum
• Completes the inferior decificieny of the
acetabular rim
• Creates a foramen with the acetabular notch
• Vessels and nerves pass through the foramen
• Acetabular labrum
• Fibrocartilaginous ring around the acetabulum
and transverse ligament
• Deepens the hip joint increasing joint stability
• Acts as a shock absorber
• Decreases the force transmitted to the articular
cartilage by increasing the surface area of the
acetabulum
• Provides a seal for the joint to maintain synovial
fluid and pressure
Hip – Intracapsular Structures
• Ligamentum teres
• Weak flattened band of connective
tissue
• Attaches from the adjacent margins
of the acetabular notch and the lower
border of the transverse ligament and
then inserts onto the fovea capitis on
the head of the femur
• Enclosed in a sleeve of synovial
membrane
• Therefore intracapsular but
extrasynovial
• Role of this ligament is unknown as
its too weak to provide stability and
often not present
Hip
• Capsular Pattern
• Flexion, abduction and internal
rotation (order varies)
• Resting Position
• 30° Flexion, 30° Abduction, 20°
External Rotation
• Close Packed Position
• End range extension, internal
rotation and abduction
Hip - Arthrokinematics
Hip - Arthrokinematics
Hip - Arthrokinematics