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Krok. Microbiology, virology and immunology. Modul 1.
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?Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the
causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following
diseases are characterized by:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis
Dysentery, cholera
Q-febris, epidemic typhus
In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of T and B
lymphocytes are not changed. Defect with dysfunction of antigen-presentation to the
immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells
isMacrophages,
the most probable?
monocytes
Т-lymphocytes, В-lymphocytes
NK-cells
Fibroblasts, Т-lymphocytes, В-lymphocytes
0-lymphocytes
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis A hepatitis
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Hepatitis E virus
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with ELISA. Anti-HBs
antibodies were revealed. What does ELISA positive result in this case mean?
After vaccination
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis В
Chronic hepatitis С
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is
known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Complement
Interferon
Interleukin
Imanine
Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay
with HIV antigens. Patient's complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive
result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?
HIV infection
Being ill with AIDS
Being infected with HBV
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Having had AIDS recently
HBV persistence
A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital.
Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to
the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What
actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
To examine the same serum
To apply more sensitive reaction
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was
diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following
type of reactions:
Anaphylactic reactions
Cytotoxic reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Autoimmune reactions
A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm
in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed
after the tuberculin injection?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Seroreaction
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
A patient with clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency got immunological examinations. The doctor
revealed absence of cells that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. What conclusion can be made
according to the test result?
Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of natural killer cell rate
Decrease of complement system rate
Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (nasal mucous discharges) taken from a
patient with presumptive diagnosis "influenza". What rapid test will allow to reveal specific viral
antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
Hemagglutination inhibition test
Radioimmunoassay
ELISA
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse
because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading role in
this
reaction?
T-killers
Interleukin-1
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Natural killers
B-lymphocytes
T-helpers
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a
number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative
of?
Of primary infection
Of a chronic process
The woman is healthy
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
Vomiting mass of a patient with cholera were delivered to the bacteriological laboratory. The
material was used for preparing a "hanging drop" specimen. What type of microscopy will be applied
for determination of motility of the causative agent for?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy