Download Finite and Non

Finite and Non-finite Verbs
The difference between
Finite and Non-finite verbs
Finite Verbs
What are Finite Verbs? (with
Examples)
A finite verb is a verb which has
a subject and shows tense. In
short, it is a verb being a verb
(i.e., a doing word) as opposed to
a verbal(which is another part of speech
formed from a verb).
Every sentence needs a finite verb.
Look at these examples :He painted the
fence.
(In this example, painted is a finite
verb.)He varnished the painted fence.
(In this example, painted is a verbal.
It's actually a participle from the
verb to paint, which is being used as
an adjective. A verbal is another
name for a non-finite verb.)
Here are some more examples:
1. You promised me the last ticket.
I am excited about going to the amusement
park.
I went for a walk around the park.
Everyone wanted to go to the amusement
park, but we only had four tickets.
2. On that dark day, the
spirits rose from their graves to
feast upon the living.
In that moment, it all became clear
that
the amusement park was a trap.
3.
This is a fairly unknown fact: mosquito
repellents work by hiding you, not by
repelling. The spray blocks the mosquito
es’ sensors, which makes them "blind“
to your presence.
4.My sister sent a card to my aunt and
uncle in 1930, and it arrived yesterday.
Itwas hilarious because the post office
attached a small label on the card
to apologize for the delay.
The postman seemed pretty
nonchalant. We were all amazed.
5.Once we saw the undead, we raced to
the exit only to find it locked. Armed
with a bottle of ketchup, I made my last st
and by swinging the bottle wildly.
I think I am untarnished.
I just want to go home now and to
relax from the stress of this day.
Actually, I really fancy a nice
plate of brains.
The best way to find a finite verb is by
eliminating it as a non-finite verb. So,
check : Is it being used as a noun?
Is it preceded by to?
Is it being used as an adjective?
Look at this example: He likes
painting and wants to paint the
painted fence.
In this example, the following
look a bit like verbs
Non-Finite Verbs
These verbs cannot be the main verb of
a clause or sentence as they do not talk
about the action that is being performed
by the subject or noun. They do not
indicate any tense, mood or gender. They
are used as nouns, adverbs and adjectives.
He loves camping in the woods. - Here
the non-finite verb is camping and it is
used as a noun. These kind of non-finite
verbs are called gerunds.
I need to go to sleep. - Here the nonfinite verb phrase is to sleep, it is acting
as a noun. Non-finite verbs that use ‘to’
before them are called infinitives.
The sleeping dog caused a delay. - The
nonfinite verbs that have ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’
as suffixes and cause the verb to come
an adjective are called PARTICIPLES
Some more examples (non-finite verbs
shaded) I started screaming at my
parents for trying to send me to a camp.
( screaming and trying –gerunds)
( to send-infinitive verb)
Arriving late, I saw the other kids
and they seemed to be excited.
(arriving –present participle)
(to be-infinitive verb) (excited-past
participle)
Some more examples:
We sang songs around the campfire and
toasted marshmallows.
( There are no non-finite verbs in this
example.) There are three main types of
nonfinite verbs: gerunds , infinitives ,
and participles
Non-Finite Verb แปลว่า "กริ ยาไม่แท้"
หมายถึง "คํากริ ยาที่ไม่ได้นาํ มาใช้อย่างกริ ยาแท้ แม้
จะมีรูปมาจากคํากริ ยาก็ตาม แต่ถูกนํามาใช้ทาํ หน้าที่
เป็ นอย่างอื่นแทน เช่น เป็ น Noun, เป็ น
adjectives
SUMMARY of Finite and Non finite verbs
Verbs can be divided into two
categories:
• Finite verbs
are governed by the person and
number of the subject.
Examples:
I am driving down the lane.
Bandana drives to college.
They drive very fast.
In the above sentences, the verb ‘drive’ is
governed by the person and number of the
subjects, ‘I’, ‘Bandana’ and ‘They’
respectively
Non-finite verbs
do not change their form even when the
person and the number of the subject changes.
Examples: I want to eat something delicious.
Bandana has to eat apples every day.
They want to eat eggs for breakfast
In the above sentences, the verb
‘eat’ does not change even though
the person and number of the
subject change.
Non-finite verbs are of three kinds:
•Gerund:
The ‘-ing’ form of the verb which is
used as a noun is called a
gerund. It is also called the verbal
noun.
Examples:
Taking exercise is important.
Running is a good way to keep fit.
Infinite: The infinitive is the base form of
the verb. It is often used with ‘to ’or
without ‘to’. Infinitives with ‘to’ before
them are called ‘to-infinitives’.
Examples:
David and I agreed to meet at 4 o’clock.
I’ll arrange to see the dentist straight
away.
Participle:
There are two kinds of participles:
Present participles
are formed by adding ‘-ing’ to the base
verb.
Example: That flying bird is graceful.
Past participles
are formed by adding -d, -ed, -en, -t or
-n to the base verb.
Example: I have worked
Practice: Choose the non-finite verbs
I used to be scared of monsters. I was
sure they lived under my bed. I still
find some monsters are frightening,
but I have stopped looking for them
nowadays. I know they are only to be
found in legends or horror fiction.
ANSWER KEY
I used to be scared of monsters. I was
sure they lived under my bed. I still find
some monsters are frightening, but I have
stopped looking for them nowadays. I
know they are only to be found in legends
or horror fiction.
Practice 1
The picture illustrates the ferocity of
the great white shark. I can imagine huge
teeth slicing through ribs and abdomen.
The picture was photographed before
Rodney was repaired with more than 4
50 stitches. As a reporter climbing on
board a boat with Rodney Fox,
I am still fixated by that image.
2.I am having a great time here at camp.
Today, we went fishing, and I
managed to set a new camp record by
catching the biggest trout.
We all
laughed when Tommy reeled in his
fishing line only to pull up an old tackle
box
covered in slime. We were surprised to
find a bottle inside.
Inside the bottle was a message.
When we read it, we realized it was a time
capsule.
We decided to make our own message in
a bottle. We put ours in the box and
threw it back in the lake.
FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERBS
CAN LOOK IDENTICAL
Finite and non-finite forms of verbs can be
identical. Look at these examples:They
roasted chestnuts. (Roasted is finite)They
love roasted chestnuts. (Roasted is nonfinite)
They laugh.
They did laugh.
(Note: This is one of those times
when the infinite form of the verb is
not preceded by to.)
Remember, to find a non-finite verb, check:
Is it a noun?
(Does it end - ing?. See gerunds.)Is it an
infinitive?
(Is it preceded by to. See infinitive verbs.)Is it
a participle?
(Does it end - ed or - ing and is it being used
like an adjective?
GERUNDS
What Are Gerunds?
A gerund is a noun formed from a verb.
All gerunds end - ing. For example:
Acting is fun. (Gerund as the subject of a
sentence)Playing football is fun.
(Here, football is the gerund complement
of the gerund playing.)Acting is merely
the art of keeping a large group of people
from coughing. (Sir Ralph Richardson,
1902-1983)
(Acting is a gerund as a subject. The
gerunds keeping and coughing are
objects of prepositions.)
(In this example, a large group of
people is the gerund complement
of keeping.)
Generosity is giving more than you
can, and pride is taking less than you
need. ( Kahlil Gibran, 1883-1931)
(Two gerunds, both subject
complements)
I love acting. It is so much more real
than life. (Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900)
(A gerund as the direct object of
the verb love)You can tell a lot about a
fellow's character by his way
of eating jellybeans. (Ronald Reagan,
1911-2004)
(A gerund as the object of a
preposition )I like to play blackjack.
I'm not addicted to gambling, I'm
addicted to sitting in a semi-circle.
(Mitch Hedberg, 1968-2005)
(Two gerunds, both objects of
prepositions)
Verbs Followed by a Gerund
admit
advise
appreciate
avoid
can't help
complete
consider
delay
deny
detest
dislike
enjoy
escape
finish
forbid
get
through
have
imagine
mind
miss
permit
postpone
practise
quit
recall
report
resent
resist
resume
risk
spend
(time)
suggest
tolerate
waste
(time)
Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund
admit to
approve of
argue about
believe in
care about
complain about
concentrate on
confess to
depend on
disapprove of
discourage from
dream about
feel like
forget about
insist on
object to
plan on
prevent
(someone) from
refrain from
succeed in
talk about
think about
worry about
Verbs Involving Senses:
feel hear listen to look at
notice
observe overhear see
watch
Verbs of perception — hear, see,
watch — and a handful of other verbs
— help, let, and make —is called
the bare infinitive, an infinitive without
the particle "to." This is true of these
verbs only in the active voice.
We watched him clear the table.
They heard the thief crash through
the door.
She made me do it.
We helped her finish the
homework.
Fill in the correct form
GERUND AND INFINITIVE
1.Mary enjoys _____________ to
music. (listen)
2. I don’t mind _________ the washing
up. (do)
3. Irregular verbs are not easy
________ . (remember)
4. Mathew is really good at
_________ . (cook)
5. She waited
___________________ a movie
ticket. (buy)
6. The doctor encouraged his patients
_______ healthy food. (eat)
7. My flat is easy ___________________ .
(find)
8. She is interested in
___________________ a doctor. (become)
9. He is saving money
___________________ a new car.
(buy)
10. When I met her I couldn’t help
___________________ her. (hug)
9. He is saving money
___________________ a new car.
(buy)
10. When I met her I couldn’t help
___________________ her. (hug)
More Exercises for
Finite and Nonfinite verbs
Identify the underlined verbs
1.Nancy does her homework every day.
2.Nancy is doing her homework at the
moment.
3. They are writing a letter.
4. He has a big car.
5.The proposal has been examined today.
6.She tried to help him.
7. She speaks Chinese very well.
8. It is healthy to laugh problems.
9. He had his car cleaned.
10. Finding the gate widely open ,
the thief went inside.
I. Fill
in the blanks with the gerund form of
the verbs given below.
swim work wander climb wait get
1.I can’t stand (a) _________ in a long
queue.
2. I live a (b) _________ life.
3.I like (c) ________ in the sea.
4.My friend likes (d) _____ the
mountains.
5.I hate (e)_______ late for any task.
6.I like (f) _________ hard.
II. Replace the underlined words as
directed.
a) He loves to dance and to sing. (gerund)
_________________________________
b) It is no good to get upset. (gerund)
_________________________________
c) The teacher told him
that he should study hard. (suitable infinite
construction)
______________________________________
d. She further advised him
that he should revise all the work done.
(suitable infinite construction)
________________________________
e.) Jim has decided that he is going to
buy a car this summer. (suitable infinite
construction)
_________________________________
III. Fill in the blanks with the infinitive
form of the verb given in the brackets.
a) Do you want _________ (come) to
the shop with me?
b) You don’t need _________ (leave)
yet—it’s not late.
c) Don’t forget _________ (take) your
umbrella with you.
d) My parents are planning ______ (go)
abroad.
e) They are planning ______ (bring) me an
iPod.
f) How long do you expect _____ (stay) in
Chandigarh?
g) _____ (learn) English quickly is not an
easy thing.
h) She promised _____ (give) it as soon as
possible.
i) He’s looking forward ______ (meet) all
his friends again.
j) Nita’s apprehensive of _____ (hurt) her.
IV. Fill in the gaps with an ‘-ing’ form or
a ‘to-infinitive’ form of the verb in
the box.
listen miss travel
drive take carry
a) I prefer _________ by train.
b) Would you like _____ a shower now?
c) I’d hate _________any of the fun.