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Finite and Non-finite Verbs The difference between Finite and Non-finite verbs Finite Verbs What are Finite Verbs? (with Examples) A finite verb is a verb which has a subject and shows tense. In short, it is a verb being a verb (i.e., a doing word) as opposed to a verbal(which is another part of speech formed from a verb). Every sentence needs a finite verb. Look at these examples :He painted the fence. (In this example, painted is a finite verb.)He varnished the painted fence. (In this example, painted is a verbal. It's actually a participle from the verb to paint, which is being used as an adjective. A verbal is another name for a non-finite verb.) Here are some more examples: 1. You promised me the last ticket. I am excited about going to the amusement park. I went for a walk around the park. Everyone wanted to go to the amusement park, but we only had four tickets. 2. On that dark day, the spirits rose from their graves to feast upon the living. In that moment, it all became clear that the amusement park was a trap. 3. This is a fairly unknown fact: mosquito repellents work by hiding you, not by repelling. The spray blocks the mosquito es’ sensors, which makes them "blind“ to your presence. 4.My sister sent a card to my aunt and uncle in 1930, and it arrived yesterday. Itwas hilarious because the post office attached a small label on the card to apologize for the delay. The postman seemed pretty nonchalant. We were all amazed. 5.Once we saw the undead, we raced to the exit only to find it locked. Armed with a bottle of ketchup, I made my last st and by swinging the bottle wildly. I think I am untarnished. I just want to go home now and to relax from the stress of this day. Actually, I really fancy a nice plate of brains. The best way to find a finite verb is by eliminating it as a non-finite verb. So, check : Is it being used as a noun? Is it preceded by to? Is it being used as an adjective? Look at this example: He likes painting and wants to paint the painted fence. In this example, the following look a bit like verbs Non-Finite Verbs These verbs cannot be the main verb of a clause or sentence as they do not talk about the action that is being performed by the subject or noun. They do not indicate any tense, mood or gender. They are used as nouns, adverbs and adjectives. He loves camping in the woods. - Here the non-finite verb is camping and it is used as a noun. These kind of non-finite verbs are called gerunds. I need to go to sleep. - Here the nonfinite verb phrase is to sleep, it is acting as a noun. Non-finite verbs that use ‘to’ before them are called infinitives. The sleeping dog caused a delay. - The nonfinite verbs that have ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’ as suffixes and cause the verb to come an adjective are called PARTICIPLES Some more examples (non-finite verbs shaded) I started screaming at my parents for trying to send me to a camp. ( screaming and trying –gerunds) ( to send-infinitive verb) Arriving late, I saw the other kids and they seemed to be excited. (arriving –present participle) (to be-infinitive verb) (excited-past participle) Some more examples: We sang songs around the campfire and toasted marshmallows. ( There are no non-finite verbs in this example.) There are three main types of nonfinite verbs: gerunds , infinitives , and participles Non-Finite Verb แปลว่า "กริ ยาไม่แท้" หมายถึง "คํากริ ยาที่ไม่ได้นาํ มาใช้อย่างกริ ยาแท้ แม้ จะมีรูปมาจากคํากริ ยาก็ตาม แต่ถูกนํามาใช้ทาํ หน้าที่ เป็ นอย่างอื่นแทน เช่น เป็ น Noun, เป็ น adjectives SUMMARY of Finite and Non finite verbs Verbs can be divided into two categories: • Finite verbs are governed by the person and number of the subject. Examples: I am driving down the lane. Bandana drives to college. They drive very fast. In the above sentences, the verb ‘drive’ is governed by the person and number of the subjects, ‘I’, ‘Bandana’ and ‘They’ respectively Non-finite verbs do not change their form even when the person and the number of the subject changes. Examples: I want to eat something delicious. Bandana has to eat apples every day. They want to eat eggs for breakfast In the above sentences, the verb ‘eat’ does not change even though the person and number of the subject change. Non-finite verbs are of three kinds: •Gerund: The ‘-ing’ form of the verb which is used as a noun is called a gerund. It is also called the verbal noun. Examples: Taking exercise is important. Running is a good way to keep fit. Infinite: The infinitive is the base form of the verb. It is often used with ‘to ’or without ‘to’. Infinitives with ‘to’ before them are called ‘to-infinitives’. Examples: David and I agreed to meet at 4 o’clock. I’ll arrange to see the dentist straight away. Participle: There are two kinds of participles: Present participles are formed by adding ‘-ing’ to the base verb. Example: That flying bird is graceful. Past participles are formed by adding -d, -ed, -en, -t or -n to the base verb. Example: I have worked Practice: Choose the non-finite verbs I used to be scared of monsters. I was sure they lived under my bed. I still find some monsters are frightening, but I have stopped looking for them nowadays. I know they are only to be found in legends or horror fiction. ANSWER KEY I used to be scared of monsters. I was sure they lived under my bed. I still find some monsters are frightening, but I have stopped looking for them nowadays. I know they are only to be found in legends or horror fiction. Practice 1 The picture illustrates the ferocity of the great white shark. I can imagine huge teeth slicing through ribs and abdomen. The picture was photographed before Rodney was repaired with more than 4 50 stitches. As a reporter climbing on board a boat with Rodney Fox, I am still fixated by that image. 2.I am having a great time here at camp. Today, we went fishing, and I managed to set a new camp record by catching the biggest trout. We all laughed when Tommy reeled in his fishing line only to pull up an old tackle box covered in slime. We were surprised to find a bottle inside. Inside the bottle was a message. When we read it, we realized it was a time capsule. We decided to make our own message in a bottle. We put ours in the box and threw it back in the lake. FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERBS CAN LOOK IDENTICAL Finite and non-finite forms of verbs can be identical. Look at these examples:They roasted chestnuts. (Roasted is finite)They love roasted chestnuts. (Roasted is nonfinite) They laugh. They did laugh. (Note: This is one of those times when the infinite form of the verb is not preceded by to.) Remember, to find a non-finite verb, check: Is it a noun? (Does it end - ing?. See gerunds.)Is it an infinitive? (Is it preceded by to. See infinitive verbs.)Is it a participle? (Does it end - ed or - ing and is it being used like an adjective? GERUNDS What Are Gerunds? A gerund is a noun formed from a verb. All gerunds end - ing. For example: Acting is fun. (Gerund as the subject of a sentence)Playing football is fun. (Here, football is the gerund complement of the gerund playing.)Acting is merely the art of keeping a large group of people from coughing. (Sir Ralph Richardson, 1902-1983) (Acting is a gerund as a subject. The gerunds keeping and coughing are objects of prepositions.) (In this example, a large group of people is the gerund complement of keeping.) Generosity is giving more than you can, and pride is taking less than you need. ( Kahlil Gibran, 1883-1931) (Two gerunds, both subject complements) I love acting. It is so much more real than life. (Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900) (A gerund as the direct object of the verb love)You can tell a lot about a fellow's character by his way of eating jellybeans. (Ronald Reagan, 1911-2004) (A gerund as the object of a preposition )I like to play blackjack. I'm not addicted to gambling, I'm addicted to sitting in a semi-circle. (Mitch Hedberg, 1968-2005) (Two gerunds, both objects of prepositions) Verbs Followed by a Gerund admit advise appreciate avoid can't help complete consider delay deny detest dislike enjoy escape finish forbid get through have imagine mind miss permit postpone practise quit recall report resent resist resume risk spend (time) suggest tolerate waste (time) Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund admit to approve of argue about believe in care about complain about concentrate on confess to depend on disapprove of discourage from dream about feel like forget about insist on object to plan on prevent (someone) from refrain from succeed in talk about think about worry about Verbs Involving Senses: feel hear listen to look at notice observe overhear see watch Verbs of perception — hear, see, watch — and a handful of other verbs — help, let, and make —is called the bare infinitive, an infinitive without the particle "to." This is true of these verbs only in the active voice. We watched him clear the table. They heard the thief crash through the door. She made me do it. We helped her finish the homework. Fill in the correct form GERUND AND INFINITIVE 1.Mary enjoys _____________ to music. (listen) 2. I don’t mind _________ the washing up. (do) 3. Irregular verbs are not easy ________ . (remember) 4. Mathew is really good at _________ . (cook) 5. She waited ___________________ a movie ticket. (buy) 6. The doctor encouraged his patients _______ healthy food. (eat) 7. My flat is easy ___________________ . (find) 8. She is interested in ___________________ a doctor. (become) 9. He is saving money ___________________ a new car. (buy) 10. When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug) 9. He is saving money ___________________ a new car. (buy) 10. When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug) More Exercises for Finite and Nonfinite verbs Identify the underlined verbs 1.Nancy does her homework every day. 2.Nancy is doing her homework at the moment. 3. They are writing a letter. 4. He has a big car. 5.The proposal has been examined today. 6.She tried to help him. 7. She speaks Chinese very well. 8. It is healthy to laugh problems. 9. He had his car cleaned. 10. Finding the gate widely open , the thief went inside. I. Fill in the blanks with the gerund form of the verbs given below. swim work wander climb wait get 1.I can’t stand (a) _________ in a long queue. 2. I live a (b) _________ life. 3.I like (c) ________ in the sea. 4.My friend likes (d) _____ the mountains. 5.I hate (e)_______ late for any task. 6.I like (f) _________ hard. II. Replace the underlined words as directed. a) He loves to dance and to sing. (gerund) _________________________________ b) It is no good to get upset. (gerund) _________________________________ c) The teacher told him that he should study hard. (suitable infinite construction) ______________________________________ d. She further advised him that he should revise all the work done. (suitable infinite construction) ________________________________ e.) Jim has decided that he is going to buy a car this summer. (suitable infinite construction) _________________________________ III. Fill in the blanks with the infinitive form of the verb given in the brackets. a) Do you want _________ (come) to the shop with me? b) You don’t need _________ (leave) yet—it’s not late. c) Don’t forget _________ (take) your umbrella with you. d) My parents are planning ______ (go) abroad. e) They are planning ______ (bring) me an iPod. f) How long do you expect _____ (stay) in Chandigarh? g) _____ (learn) English quickly is not an easy thing. h) She promised _____ (give) it as soon as possible. i) He’s looking forward ______ (meet) all his friends again. j) Nita’s apprehensive of _____ (hurt) her. IV. Fill in the gaps with an ‘-ing’ form or a ‘to-infinitive’ form of the verb in the box. listen miss travel drive take carry a) I prefer _________ by train. b) Would you like _____ a shower now? c) I’d hate _________any of the fun.