Download The Heart Worksheet

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The Heart Worksheet
1.
William Harvey discovered that blood flows away from the heart in arteries and back to the
heart in veins. What hypothesis could be developed from this discovery?
A.
The human body contains both arteries and veins.
B.
Blood vessels link up arteries to veins.
C.
How blood moves from arteries into veins.
D.
Veins are connected to the left side of the heart and arteries to the right side.
(Total 1 mark)
2.
Which part of the brain has a role in the control of the heartbeat and how are messages passed
from this part of the brain to the heart?
Part of the brain
Type of message
A.
hypothalamus
hormone
B.
hypothalamus
nerve
C.
medulla
hormone
D.
medulla
nerve
(Total 1 mark)
3.
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood?
A.
The coronary artery
B.
The pulmonary artery
C.
The aorta
D.
The pulmonary vein
(Total 1 mark)
4.
Is the blood in the aorta, left ventricle and pulmonary artery oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Aorta
Left ventricle
Pulmonary artery
A.
oxygenated
deoxygenated
deoxygenated
B.
deoxygenated
oxygenated
oxygenated
C.
oxygenated
oxygenated
deoxygenated
D.
oxygenated
oxygenated
oxygenated
(Total 1 mark)
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5.
Draw a labelled diagram of the heart showing the chambers, associated blood vessels and
valves.
(Total 4 marks)
6.
Which vessel directly supplies the heart muscle with blood?
A.
The aorta
B.
The pulmonary artery
C.
The coronary artery
D.
The pulmonary vein
(Total 1 mark)
7.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
Outline the control of the heartbeat.
(6)
(Total 8 marks)
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8.
Tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula) are found in lakes and lagoons throughout Europe. They eat
molluscs, insects and plants, sometimes from the surface but mostly by diving under the water.
The graph shows how the heart rate of a tufted duck changes when diving under the water.
[R Stephenson, P J Butler and A J Woakes. 1986. “Diving behaviour and heart rate in tufted ducks (Aythya
fuligula).” J Exp Biol. Vol 126. Pp 341–359.]
(a)
State the length of time the tufted duck was under the water.
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(1)
(b)
Outline the changes in the heart rate during the dive.
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(2)
(c)
Suggest, with a reason, the type of respiration used by the tufted duck during the dive.
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(1)
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When swimming on the surface, the blood supply to different parts of the body of the tufted
duck varies according to whether it is swimming at normal speed or maximum speed.
[Source: Butler, PJ, Turner, DL, Al-Wassia, A & Bevan, RM. 1988. “Regional distribution of blood flow during
swimming in the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula).” J Exp Biol. Vol 135. Pp 461–472.]
(d)
Calculate the percentage increase in blood flow to the leg muscles when the tufted duck
changes from swimming at normal speed to swimming at maximum speed.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(e)
Compare the blood flow to the heart muscles with the blood flow to the flight muscles
when changing from swimming at normal speed to swimming at maximum speed.
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(2)
(f)
Explain the changes in blood flow that occur when swimming at maximum speed.
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(2)
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(g)
Predict, with reference to both graphs, what would happen to the blood flow to the heart
muscles when the tufted duck is diving.
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(2)
(h)
State the hormone that affects heart rate.
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(1)
(Total 12 marks)
9.
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls?
A.
Left atrium
B.
Right atrium
C.
Left ventricle
D.
Right ventricle
(Total 1 mark)
10.
Backflow is the return of blood to the heart. In legs, backflow is enhanced by the pumping
action of leg muscles during movement. When this does not occur efficiently, serious health
problems can arise. The backflow speed of 40 patients was measured during the application of
different therapy methods. The lying position is the control.
[Source: Adapted from postdoctoral thesis of Erich Meyer, Medical Faculty of the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg.]
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(a)
(i)
State which activity reduces backflow speed in relation to the control.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Suggest a reason why backflow speed is reduced by the activity stated in (a)(i).
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Determine the difference in backflow speed between the lying position and pedal
exercise.
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(1)
(c)
Discuss the benefits of exercising to promote high backflow speed.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
11.
What is a role of the pacemaker or sinoatrial node (SAN)?
A.
To initiate contraction of the ventricle
B.
To pass the excitation through Purkinje fibres
C.
To originate excitation in myogenic muscle
D.
To cause the relaxation of the atria
(Total 1 mark)
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