Download VOCABAULARY LIST CHAPTER 8

VOCABAULARY LIST
CHAPTER 8 - ZOOLOGY
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
Directions: READ Chapter 8 in textbook. Then copy all the following terms and definitions into your
notebook. DO NOT take this list home and DO NOT photocopy it!
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Anaphase – a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosome separate
Asexual reproduction – reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a
single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
Autosome – any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Binary fission – a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell
divides into two cells of the same size
Cell plate – the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a
cell into two
Chromatid – one of the two strands of a chromosome that becomes visible during meiosis or
mitosis
Chromatin – the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes
Chromosomes – in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of
DNA and protein
Crossing-over – the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during
meiosis
Cytokinesis – the division of the cytoplasm of a cell
Diploid – a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes
Gamete – a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form
a zygote
Genetic recombination – the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic
makeup that is different from that of the parents
Haploid – describes a cell, nucleus, or organisms that has only one set of unpaired
chromosomes
Histone – a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not
prokaryotic cells
Homologous chromosome – chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have
the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
Independent assortment –the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different
chromosomes to the gametes
Karyotype – a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase
19. Meiosis – a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half
the original number by two division of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
20. Metaphase – one of the stages of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes
move to the cell’s equator
21. Mitosis – in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which
has the same number of chromosomes
22. Oogenesis – the production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum
23. Polar body – a short-lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis
24. Prophase – the first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division, characterized by the
condensation of the chromosomes and the dissolution of the nuclear envelope
25. Sex chromosome – one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
26. Sexual reproduction – reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite
27. Spermatogenesis – the process by which males gametes form
28. Spindle fiber – one of the mircotubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell that assists
in the movement in chromosomes
29. Synapsis – the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
30. Telophase – the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms
around each set of new chromosomes
31. Tetrad –the four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a
result of synapsis during meiosis