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Transcript
Name
Class
Date
Skills Worksheet
Directed Reading B : Chapter 10.2
Section: How Does Evolution Happen?
1. List three things that scientists learned about Earth beginning in the 1800s.
Beginning in the 1800's, scientists learned that
Earth is much older than previously thought,
that gradual processes have changed Earth's
surface, and that Earth had a fossil record.
CHARLES DARWIN
A 2. What did Darwin do in order to study plants and animals?
______
a. He took a trip around the world.
b. He studied theology.
c. He formed theories.
d. He became a doctor.
B 3. What did Darwin do during his travels?
______
a. He wrote a book about his theory.
b. He observed plants and animals.
c. He took photos of plants and animals.
d. He visited all the continents.
4. Darwin noticed that the plants and animals on the
Galapagos Islands
were similar to, but not the same as, those in Ecuador.
5. What was one way that finches on different islands differed from each other?
The finches on different islands had different beaks.
6. What was the beak of each finch adapted to?
obtaining
food
The beaks were adapted to obtaiing
food.
DARWIN’S THINKING
D 7. What puzzled Darwin about the Galápagos finches?
______
a. They were so different.
b. They should not have been there.
c. They were too similar.
d. They were similar but had unique adaptations.
C 8. A characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring through
______
genes is a(n)
a. species.
c. trait.
b. breeding.
d. adaptation.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt California Life Science
17
The Evolution of Living Things
Name
Class
Date
Directed Reading B continued
9. What hypothesis did Darwin develop about the Galápagos finches?
Darwin believed that the finches on the islands
were descendents of South American finches
that were blown to the islands by a storm. Over
many generations, he believed that the finches
had adapted to life on the particular island.
Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided.
C
______ 10. the idea that human populations can grow
faster than the food supply
A
______ 11. the idea that Earth had formed naturally
over a long period of time
a. Lyell’s theory
b. selective breeding
c. Malthus’s principle
B
______ 12. the practice of breeding plants and animals
to have desired traits
13. Why do farmers and breeders use selective breeding?
Farmers use selective breeding to produce
plants or animals with desired traits.
14. Why might selective breeding be used in horses?
Humans might selectively breed horses to
produce stronger or faster horses.
15. Why might selective breeding be used in fruit trees?
Farmers use selective breeding in fruit trees to
produce larger or better tasting fruit.
16. After reading Malthus’s theory, Darwin realized that any species can
produce many
offspring
.
17. The populations of all species are limited by starvation, disease, predation,
or
competition.
18. Darwin reasoned that survivors had traits that helped them
survive
in their environment.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt California Life Science
18
The Evolution of Living Things
Name
Class
Date
Directed Reading B continued
19. Darwin believed that offspring of these survivors inherit
the
traits
that help them survive.
20. What idea of Darwin’s about species was supported by Charles Lyell’s book?
Lyell's book supported Darwin's belief that Earth
was old enough to have allowed organisms to
slowly change over time.
DARWIN’S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
21. What was the name of Darwin’s famous book?
"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection".
22. What theory did Darwin introduce in the book?
Darwin's book introduced the theory of natural selection.
23. What is natural selection?
Natural selection is the mechanism by which
evoultion happens. It is the process by which
individuals that are better adapted to their
environment survive, and reproduce more
successfully than less well adapted individuals
Match the correct description with the correct step in natural selection. Write the
letter in the space provided.
C
______ 24. Many more offspring are produced than
will survive.
A
B 26. Many offspring will be killed before
______
______ 25. No two offspring are alike.
a. inherited variation
b. struggle to survive
c. overproduction
d. successful reproduction
reproducing.
D
______ 27. The best adapted organisms will have
many offspring that survive.
28. List two things that Darwin did not know in relation to his theory.
At the time Darwin developed his theory he did
not know how organisms inherit traits or how
the great variation among organisms happens.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt California Life Science
19
The Evolution of Living Things
Name
Class
Date
Directed Reading B continued
29. What do scientists today know about how variation happens?
Today, scientists know that variation in organisms
happens as a result of the exchange of genetic
information as it is passed from parent to offspring.
30. Some
genes
make an organism more likely to survive
to reproduce.
31. When organisms carry genes that make them more likely to survive to
reproduce than organisms that do not carry these genes, the process
called
selection
occurs.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt California Life Science
20
The Evolution of Living Things