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Download Organic Chemistry Study Guide Organic Compounds: Covalent
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Transcript
Organic Chemistry Study Guide Organic Compounds: Covalent compounds that contain carbon. Examples: Food, plastic, medicine, gasoline, oil, and clothes. Carbon - Carbon comes from living things. Carbon is able to make 4 bonds. Hydrocarbons - Organic compounds containing hydrogen and carbon. Alkanes – Fully saturated hydrocarbons(All Carbon molecules have a single bond with 4 atoms). Biomolecules - Molecules we get from food to sustain life. Monomer – Small piece of a long chain (building blocks). CH4 Hydrocarbon Examples: Simplest Hydrocarbon It is used to produce heat and light. - Investing Starch Lab - Methane (1 carbons) Ethane (2 carbons) Propane (3 carbons) Butane (4 carbons) Chewing a cracker that is a starchy carb… starch Amylase (Enzyme in our saliva that breaks down carbs) starch starch Glucose (sugar) Amylase breaks down starch into simple glucose that can enter the bloodstream. Compounds of Life (Biomolecules) Compound: Definition Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products. Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fatsoluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or large biomolecules, essential for all known forms of life. Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. Amylase (enzymes) in your saliva and pancreas breaks down carbs. Only small particles called glucose can pass through the small intestine into the bloodstream. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates (sugar). Enzymes can build up or break down. They are made of protein. (Pac-Man) Monomer: Amino acids Two Types of Carbs 1. Simple (Glucose) - sugar found in your bloodstream 2. Complex (Starch) -glycogen: provides energy to muscle cells - cellulose: Gives plants their rigid structure Provides body with Function/Use energy Examples Pasta, bread, rice, and some vegetables Keeps body warm, long term energy, absorbs vitamins and nutrients, and make up cell membranes Butter, oil, and cholesterol Muscle development, immune system, and act as enzymes Makes up DNA and RNA Meat, beans, and nuts Plants and animals have DNA