Download Organic Chemistry Study Guide Organic Compounds: Covalent

Organic Chemistry
Study Guide
Organic Compounds: Covalent compounds that contain carbon.
Examples: Food, plastic, medicine, gasoline, oil, and clothes.
Carbon - Carbon comes from living things. Carbon is able to make 4 bonds.
Hydrocarbons - Organic compounds containing hydrogen and carbon.
Alkanes – Fully saturated hydrocarbons(All Carbon molecules have a single bond with 4 atoms).
Biomolecules - Molecules we get from food to sustain life.
Monomer – Small piece of a long chain (building blocks).
CH4
Hydrocarbon Examples:
Simplest Hydrocarbon
It is used to produce
heat and light.
-
Investing Starch Lab
-
Methane (1 carbons)
Ethane (2 carbons)
Propane (3 carbons)
Butane (4 carbons)
Chewing a cracker that is a starchy carb…
starch
Amylase
(Enzyme in our saliva that
breaks down carbs)
starch
starch
Glucose (sugar)
Amylase breaks down starch into
simple glucose that can enter the
bloodstream.
Compounds of Life (Biomolecules)
Compound:
Definition
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates are the
sugars, starches and
fibers found in fruits,
grains, vegetables and
milk products.
Lipids are a group
of naturally
occurring
molecules that
include fats,
waxes, sterols, fatsoluble vitamins
(such as vitamins
A, D, E, and K),
monoglycerides,
diglycerides,
triglycerides,
phospholipids, and
others.
Proteins are large
biomolecules, or
macromolecules,
consisting of one
or more long
chains of amino
acid residues
Nucleic acids are
biopolymers, or
large
biomolecules,
essential for all
known forms of
life. Nucleic acids,
which include DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid) and RNA
(ribonucleic acid),
are made from
monomers known
as nucleotides.
Amylase (enzymes) in
your saliva and
pancreas breaks down
carbs. Only small
particles called glucose
can pass through the
small intestine into the
bloodstream.
Monosaccharides are
the simplest form of
carbohydrates (sugar).
Enzymes can build
up or break down.
They are made of
protein. (Pac-Man)
Monomer: Amino
acids
Two Types of Carbs
1. Simple (Glucose)
- sugar found in your
bloodstream
2. Complex (Starch)
-glycogen: provides
energy to muscle cells
- cellulose: Gives
plants their rigid
structure
Provides body with
Function/Use energy
Examples
Pasta, bread, rice, and
some vegetables
Keeps body warm,
long term energy,
absorbs vitamins
and nutrients, and
make up cell
membranes
Butter, oil, and
cholesterol
Muscle
development,
immune system,
and act as
enzymes
Makes up DNA
and RNA
Meat, beans, and
nuts
Plants and animals
have DNA