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Biology 10: Semester 2 Exam Review How to review for the exam: Re-read all your notes and the notes on the wiki o create a list of the most important words or ideas Try the homework questions again (check your work from the answers we took up in class) Make up your own questions or use the questions in the textbook and test yourself and your friends Make flow charts or venn diagrams to see how ideas are connected Make tables of information or flashcards and cover up parts to test yourself Come to reinforcement or at recess and look at your test folder in Ms. Marcos’ classroom. Try to do the questions again. Major topics covered this Semester: Kingdom Animalia The Simplest Animals - Sponges and Cnidarians Body structures of sponges (porifera), including how to label a diagram of a sponge Characteristics of sponges including: o Symmetry / level of organization / How sponges eat / How sponges defend themselves / How sponges reproduce Body structures of cnidarians, including how to label a polyp and a medusa diagram Differences between corals/anemones, jellies and hydroids Characteristics of cnidarians including: o Symmetry / Level of organization / How cnidarians eat / How cnidarians defend themselves o Alternation of generations life cycle (polyp medusa) How cnidarians are more advanced than poriferans The Worms – Platyhelminthes, Nematoda and Annelida Body structure of Platyhelminthes including how it is more advanced than cnidarians Characteristics of platyhelminthes including: o Symmetry / how flatworms eat / how flatworms defend / how flatworms reproduce Body structure of Nematoda, including how it is more advanced than platyhelminthes o Characteristics... Note: reproduction and digestive system differences Body structure of Annelida including how it is more advanced Examples of types of Annelids (earthworms, polychaete worms, leeches) Characteristics of Annedlida including: o How they eat / type of circulatory system / how they reproduce Reasons why annelids (especially earthworms) are important for the environment Molluscs Body structure of molluscs including the three basic parts that all have (foot, mantle, visceral mass) Major characteristics of the three classes of molluscs studied: o Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda o Including: How they eat / how they reproduce / how they move / sensory structures / how they defend themselves o Ways in which the three classes are different from each other and advanced characteristics that some of them have (cephalopods) Arthropods Body structure of arthropods including major parts of insects (head, thorax, abdomen) and arachnids (cephalothorax, abdomen) Major characteristics of the classes of arthropods studied o Insects, Arachnids, Millipedes/Centipedes, Barnacles, Crabs/Lobster o Including: What they eat / how they move / how they defend themselves / special characteristics for some like reproduction or their nervous system Echinoderms Body structure of echinoderms including: o Symmetry / how the water vascular system works and parts of tube feet Major characteristics of the three classes studied: o Sea stars, Sea urchins and Sea cucumbers o Including: how and what they eat / how the defend themselves / how they reproduce Primitive and advanced characteristics of echinoderms Effects of the different classes on the environment Human Reproduction Structures of the male reproductive system Functions of the different parts of the male system, including the 3 glands and how they help the sperm survive Hormones of the male system and what they do (FSH, LH, testosterone) Spermatogenesis vs. Oogensis (differences in meiosis in males and females and how that helps to achieve a pregnancy) Structures of the female reproductive system Functions of the different parts of the female system, including how they help a fertilized egg survive Hormones of the female system (FSH, LH, Estrogen, Progesterone) including: o What each hormone does o What other hormones it affects o When it is high or low during different parts of the menstrual cycle and why Kingdom Plantae Major characteristics of the 4 groups of plants studied: o Bryophytes (Mosses), Pteridophytes (Ferns), Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Where the first land plants evolved from and how we know Plant life cycles o including which parts are diploid and haploid, differences with the animal life cycle and differences between the four plant life cycles studied Advancements for each new group of plant species o E.g. What do ferns have that algae do not have... How are angiosperms more advanced than gymnosperms Structures of a flower (angiosperms) Differences between monocots and dicots in angiosperms It’s your responsibility to get help if you need it! If you have a question, come get help before the exam.