Download sam knight humanities ancient rome fill in the blanks essay 51311

Name: ___________________
Fill-in-the-Blank Essay on
the History of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire,
Roman Law, and Roman Society Based on Our World Textbook
According to legend, Rome was founded in _________B.C. by twin
brothers named _____________ and Remus. By 502 B.C. the Romans took
control of the ______________ Plain by driving out the tribe, or group, named
the ______________. Roman society was divided into two groups. The
_____________ were workers, farmers, or craftsmen. Patricians were
___________, landowning noblemen.
The last Roman king was named _______________. He and his family were
exiled from Rome because his son attacked a Roman patrician matriarch
(female head of a clan). The people had had enough of the abuse of power by
the kings.
In __________B.C. the plebeians rebelled against the government of the
patricians. They demanded that a republic be formed. The word “republic”
comes from the Latin word “res” ( meaning ____________) and the Latin word
“publica” (meaning ___________). Rome “tried” to be a democratic republic.
In a democratic republic the citizens __________ for people to speak for
them in government. Each elected representative speaks for thousands of
citizens. In a republic each citizen cannot go to the “seat” of government and
propose and help pass laws. This is different than the form of government in
Athens. It had a pure, or direct, _________________. This means that citizens
passed _______________themselves. No one represented, “stood in,” or spoke
for them. Each citizen __________ for himself in government.
In 450 B.C., 50 years after the revolt of the plebeians that formed the
republic, Rome’s plebeians rebelled again. This time they demanded that
Rome’s _______________ be written down. Rome’s written laws were called
the ______________ Tables. They were posted in the _______________, the
center of Rome, where there were grand, marble public buildings. This code of
written laws gave ____________ most of the power in Rome. It did not allow
______________ to own property/have money. It required that women always
be supervised by a _________ (permanent legal guardianship). The Twelve
Tables forbid the intermarriage of _____________ and plebeians because the
patricians, who wrote the laws, wanted to prevent the _______________ from
getting too much power.
The three branches of the Roman Republican government were the
_____________, the Citizen ____________, and the Consuls. During the
Roman Republic the Senate was controlled by patricians. The tribunes were
part of the ________________ Assembly.
In Athens, the Areopagus (War Council and later the head court) was the
oldest part of the government. In Rome, the oldest branch of the government
was the __________________. It passed ___________, controlled the
______________ (money), and controlled relations/contacts with other
__________________.
The Citizen Assembly was the branch of government elected by the
__________________. The Citizen Assembly elected people called
_______________ to speak to the Senate on the behalf of them: to help pass
laws to help the plebeians. The Citizen Assembly elected the two Consuls to
________ -year terms of office. One consul was head ___________, and the
other was head of the ______________. A consul could order anyone
_______________, propose laws, and ___________ [turn down] the other
consul’s proposals.
Some historians say that the Roman Republic was not a true democratic
republic, but a democracy of--and for--the rich, because only rich patricians
could pass ____________. Since only the ______________ could pass laws
and only rich __________________ served in the Senate, one could say that
only the rich ____________ the laws.
Rome gradually grew from a small city to a huge empire. According to the
map on page 231 of Our World, in the year ________B.C., Rome was city. By
_________B.C., Rome occupied about half of the Italian peninsula. By 120
B.C., Rome occupied much of _____________ Europe. And by _______B.C.,
Rome occupied most of Europe, parts of Asia, and the northern part of the
continent of ___________.
In the second century B.C., the Romans fought with the powerful empire of
______________ over the island of Sicily. The Romans fought the
_________ Wars with Carthage. (The wars were named after the Roman word
for Phonenicia, which is where Carthage was located, in north Africa.) Rome
seized more territory after its ____________ over Carthage. The Carthaginian
general, ______________ made his son, Hannibal, promise to seek
______________ against the Romans. Hannibal’s plan of invasion was bold
and daring because he had to __________ thousands of miles of foreign land,
and then he had to cross the ___________ to enter the Italian peninsula to
attack Rome. Ultimately, ____________ won all three Punic Wars.
By the year 100 B.C., the ________________ Sea region was not controlled
by the Phoenicians; not by the Egyptians; not by the Greeks; not by the
Persians. It was controlled by the ______________.
Changes in Rome’s government were brought on by Julius Caesar. Julius
Caesar came from was a patrician _____________. During his life, he climbed
the political ladder. By 59 B.C., when he was age 41, Julius Caesar was made
____________ of Rome. The following year he became the military
______________ of Roman Gaul, which today is ___________. Over the next
nine years, Caesar won fame, riches and the loyalty of his army as he extended
Rome’s empire all the way to the English _________________. In ______,
Rome’s ____________ ordered Caesar to return to Rome without his army
because they feared that he was getting too powerful. When Caesar refused to
return, he crossed the ______________ River with his ____________. Civil
war was started. A civil war is a war between __________ inside a country.
Caesar sought assistance in Alexandria, Egypt, from Queen ____________.
She gave Caesar ____________ in exchange for Caesar’s help in assassinating
her political rival, her ____________. When Caesar returned to Rome in
45 B.C., he crowned himself _______________.
Caesar did bring about some important changes: he gave __________to his
soldiers (this made him more popular with them), he increased the number of
people in the ____________ (this gave more people more power), he granted
Roman _____________ to people not born in Rome, and he ordered that a new
_____________ be created (the month of July is named for him).
According to our textbook, the chief reason why some of Rome’s senators
assassinated Caesar on the Ides of March, ______ B.C. was because they
feared that was getting too powerful and wanted to make himself
____________. (Another important theory says just the opposite--that the
Senate was afraid that Caesar was too popular with the common people and
was a threat to the power of rich senators.)
After Caesar’s assassination, his grand-nephew—and his adopted
son—crowned himself “imperator” [emperor] after a bloody _________-year
civil war. This man’s name was _________________, but he renamed
himself___________.
Caesar’s successor began a period called the Pax Romana. In English this
phrase means Roman ____________. The Pax Romana lasted from about
_______ years.
There were benefits for Roman citizens during the Pax Romana. For
example, roads, _____________, and water systems were built. . Roman
soldier’s built Rome’s __________ system and enforced its laws. It was
important for Rome to have a system of _____________ (more 50,000 miles
worth), so that taxes could be collected, products could be traded, and soldiers
could get quickly from place to place. In addition, a single system of
government and _______________ was created through the empire, and food
and goods traveled freely. According to the map on page 235 of Our World, by
the year A.D. 14, Rome controlled land from Egypt in the south and Asia in the
__________ to Spain in the ___________ and Gaul (France) in the
_____________. ___________ enforced laws and acted as judges in the
provinces of Rome’s huge empire. Since Rome “survived” based on the
_______ money collected from its ____________, it was very important to
know how many __________ lived in each province. The more people, the
more taxes for Rome! The official name of a “population count” is a
__________________. The roads made it possible for merchants and soldiers
and ordinary citizens to get around the empire. During the Pax Romana,
Rome’s aqueducts were an important part of the working of its empire. An
aqueduct is a raised ________________ that carries _____________.