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Name: _____________________________ Date: ___________________________ Period: _______
DNA and DNA Technology Test Review
Use the mRNA codon table to complete the missing information below. The first row has been completed to help you get
started. Notice that the tRNA is included in this table. Be sure that you use the codon to determine the amino acid.
DNA T A C C
T
A
T
G
G
C
T
G
C
T
T
mRNA A U G G
A
U
A
C
C
G
A
C
G
A
A
tRNA U A C C
U
A
U
G
G
C
U
G
C
U
U
Amino
acid
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
START
ASPARTATE THREONINE ASPARTATE GLUTAMATE
Which codons do not code for an amino acid? ___THE FIRST ONE_______________
What is the purpose of the above codons? ___TO START THE CHAIN__________
Which codon is the “start” codon? __AUG_________________
What could happen if you made a mistake making the mRNA from the DNA?
_________It would code for the wrong amino acid___________________________
What is it called when you make mRNA from DNA? ___transcription________ Where does this occur?
___nucleus_________________
What is it called when you match up tRNA with the mRNA? ____translation__________ Where does this occur?
__ribosome___________
What are the three base pair sets called in mRNA? __codon_____________________
What are the three base pair sets called in tRNA? ________anticodon________________
What is the structure of DNA called? __Helix__________Is it single or Double stranded?_____double__________
List the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide: _phosphate, base, deoxyribose sugar_____________
Which parts are on the outside of a DNA molecule? __phosphates and sugars________________________
Which parts are on the inside of a DNA molecule? _____bases_________________________________
List the 4 nitrogen base pairs in DNA: ____ATCG___________________________
What is the complimentary strand of DNA for ACCGTA? __TGGCAT_______________________
List the 3 parts of a RNA nucleotide: _phosphate, base, ribose sugar__________________________________
List the 4 nitrogen base pairs in RNA: ___AUCG______________________________
What is the complimentary mRNA strand for a DNA strand of ACCGTA? ____UGGCAU_______________
What types of bonds are between nitrogen bases in DNA? _Hydrogen________ Are these bonds weak or strong?
_weak______Why is this important?_DNA has to unzip_____________
What types of bonds are between deoxyribose and phosphate molecules in DNA? _Covalent____________ Are these
bonds weak or strong? ___strong_____________________
What types of bonds are between amino acids? ___peptide_________________________
What are changes (or glitches) in DNA called? ___mutations_________________________
What is the goal of replication? ____to copy DNA for mitosis___________________
What is the goal of transcription? ____to make mRNA__________
Where does it take place? __nucleus______
What is the goal of translation? ____use mRNA to make proteins_________ Where does it take place? _ribosome___
Which of these three processes is involved in protein synthesis? __Transcription and Translation____
Draw a picture of each of the three types of RNA and list their functions and locations:
mRNA
Picture:
tRNA
rRNA
Name: _____________________________ Date: ___________________________ Period: _______
Function:
Copy the DNA message
Transfer the Amino Acids to the
Ribosome
Make the ribosome
Location:
Nucleus and ribosome
Ribosome (cytoplasm)
Ribosome(cytoplasm)
 How is the structure and function of DNA and RNA related?
Different sugar, U vs. T, Single or double stranded , DNA cannot leave the nucleus
27. List the 3 steps of REPLICATION:
DNA unzips
Enzymes copy both sides of the DNA molecule
Two DNA molecules that are half old and half new
28. List the steps of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.See #25 and your notes sheet!
34. Label the parts of the picture below:
Nucleus
trna
mrna
an
Cannot type in the blank but UUU should be labeled
Anti-codon
codon
DNA Technology
1. What most likely happens when a mutation occurs?
2. Which type of mutation is the most detrimental?
3. Why are mutations in sex cells more detrimental?
4. Define and describe the process of Gel electrophoresis. What are the practical applications of it?
5. How and why do the fragments move through the gel?
6. Be able to interpret how many fragments will be produced with a particular enzyme.
7. Be able to interpret DNA fingerprinting samples.
8. Describe the cloning process and be able to recognize it.
9. What biomolecule is changed when exposed to radiation?
10. What are some practical uses of DNA technology?
Name: _____________________________ Date: ___________________________ Period: _______
Name: _____________________________ Date: ___________________________ Period: _______
1.
2.
3.
4.
B is a ribosome
D
D
D Recombinant DNA