Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD Information for record number WA5384 Site Name and Summary The remains of Kenilworth Abbey Church which dates from the Medieval period. Excavation has uncovered the ground plan and evidence of burials within the Church. The site is at the tennis courts in Abbey Fields. Type: Period: Monastery, Bell Tower, Burial, Church Medieval (1066 AD - 1539 AD) Location Parish: District: Grid Reference: Kenilworth Warwick, Warwickshire SP 28 72 Level of Protection Old SMR PrefRef Monument Description Source Number 1 Of the monastic buildings only a few shapeless blocks of rubble rise above ground level. Excavation enabled the ground plans to be uncovered. The 12th century church had a narrow aisleless nave, which, owing to the existence of the cloister on the S and rising ground on the N, was never enlarged. The transepts were extended E in the 13th century and in the 14th century a presbytery was added E of the quire and the central tower was rebuilt. This tower seems to have been too slender to house the bells, for which purpose an octagonal bell-tower was built just to the N of the W end of the church later in that century. 2 For the most part the walls stand only slightly above their internal floor levels; this is especially the case with the E arm of the church. Quantities of carved masonry were found during Excavation of the church. Traces of nine or ten burials were found in the church. 3 Plan. 4 Photograph. 5 SAM List. 6 SAM List. 7 The site is within the Scheduled area of the SAM of Kenilworth Abbey (Monument Number 35115). 8 The remains of thewest wall now comprise a short stub on the north side, a doorway aperture flanked by jambs with three orders of mouldings on the chamfer, and a southern section, rising up to a maximum height of 2 metres. The nave side of this west wall starts with ashlar blocks at the doorway, and then, proceeding southwards, becomes rubble-work, which continues, except for an ashalr column in the corner, along the south wall to the processional steps, after which it is lost. It had been reasonably concluded that the rubble-work belonged to the original Norman building, which included a Norman west doorway. Then, in the C14th, the Norman doorway jambs were replaced. On the outer side of the nave wall, the face became entirely ashlar, more suitable for the front of the church. 9 In July 2010 the effigy of Prior Robert Salle was removed for conservation in the museum of Abbey Barn, the wall which the effigy was removed form seem to of been built up in has a consolidation of the area for the graveyard. The effigy itself is a body in two sections it was noted that when the effigy was removed a section of collar was now visible which did not appear on earlier drawings of the effigy. Sources All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 5 Bibliographic reference AM7 DoE Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 1 Bibliographic reference Victoria County History, vol 6, Warwickshire Salzman L F (ed) 1951 Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 2 Excavation Report TBAS vol 52:1 Carey-Hill E 1927 184-227 52:1 Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 8 Observation Report Kenilworth Priory: The West Wall and Portal of the Nave Sunley, H. & Morris, R. K. 2004 Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: VI Observation Report Observation of the removal of the effigy of Prior Robert Salle from the north transept wall at Kenilworth Abbey Warwickshire Museum 2010 Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 4 Photograph Kenilworth Abbey Carey-Hill E 1927 Plate 1 52:1 Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 3 Plan TBAS vol 52:1 Carey-Hill E 1927 Source No: 6 52:1 All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: Scheduling record SAM list DoE 1985 Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 7 Scheduling record Kenilworth Abbey English Heritage 2003 Word or Phrase Scheduled Ancient Monument List Description Scheduled Ancient Monument List. A list or schedule of archaelogical and historic monuments that are considered to be of national importance. The list contains a detailed description of each Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM) and a map showing their location and extent. By being placed on the schedule, SAMs are protected by law from any unauthorised distrubance. The list has been compiled and is maintained by English Heritage. It is updated periodically. Transactions of the Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society is a journal produced by the society annually. It contains articles about archaeological field work that has taken place in Birmingham and Warwickshire in previous years. Copies of the journal are kept by the Warwickshire Sites and Monuments Record. Archaeologists excavate sites so that they can find information and recover archaeological materials before they are destroyed by erosion, construction or changes in land-use. on how complicated and widespread the archaeological deposits are, excavation can be done by hand or with heavy machinery. Archaeologists may excavate a site in a number of ways; either by open area excavation, by digging a test pit or a trial trench.[more] important part of any archaeological excavation is the recording of artefacts and deposits with measurements, plans and photographs. Archaeologists are just as interested in finding information about the context of artefacts as they are in the artefacts themselves. an excavation, archaeologists will recover many kinds of samples. In addition to recording common artefacts, such as pieces of pottery, archaeologists take environmental samples. This is done so that they can find other materials such as pollen, plant parts, human and animal bone, and shell. TBAS Excavation (also known as 'digging') Medieval 1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD) medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period. Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council HOUSE SITE BUILDING FLOOR TOWER Middle Ages.[more] Normans are well known for building the first motte and bailey castles. There are a number of these in Warwickshire. Brinklow Castle and Boteler’s Castle, near Alcester, are fine examples. Warwick Castle and Kenilworth Castle began their long histories as motte and bailey castles. Domesday Book was written in the reign of William the Conqueror. It was completed in about 1086 AD. is a detailed statement of lands held by the king and his tenants and of the resources that went with those lands, for example which manors belonged to which estates. Book was probably put together so that William knew how much tax he was getting from the country. It provides archaeologists and historians with a detailed picture of the size of settlements and the population at the beginning of the medieval period. Many of these settlements were later deserted as a result of a number of causes, including changes to land tenure. In other cases the focal point of settlements physically shifted. Either way, Warwickshire is well known for the contrast in types of settlement between the Arden area of the north west and the Feldon area of the south and east. In the Arden area medieval settlements were of the small, dispersed type, whilst in the Feldon area the settlements developed into nucleated villages. Some medieval deserted settlements in Warwickshire can still be traced as earthworks. A good example exists at Wormleighton. of medieval farming survive in many parts of Warwickshire as earthworks of ridge and furrow cultivation. Ridge and furrow earthworks show where the land was ploughed so that crops could be grown. The ridges and furrows formed because successive years of ploughing caused the soil to be drawn up into ridges whilst the furrows lying between them became deeper. The fields were ploughed using a team of oxen pulling a small plough, which was very difficult to turn. This accounts for why the land was ploughed in long strips and why fields were left open i.e. without hedges, fences or walls dividing up the land into smaller pockets. were much smaller in the medieval period. The people who farmed the land did not own it. The land belonged to the lord of the manor. The people farming the land were simply tenants who worked a strip of land or maybe several strips. This is why medieval farming is sometimes called strip farming. the time that Domesday Book was written the only town in what is now called Warwickshire was Warwick. Documentary evidence shows us that as the years went on more and more markets appeared in the county. By 1450 there were forty. towns that grew around the markets were different from the surrounding villages in their appearance and the type of people who lived in them. They were larger than the villages and had a more complicated network of streets and lanes. The towns had an open space in the centre where a market was held each week. The houses and workshops that lined the streets had long narrow strips of land behind them called tenements. Some historic maps show these medieval build A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known. Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible. A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known. A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use broader site type where known. A tall building, either round, square or polygonal in plan, used for a All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council PRIORY CHURCH ABBEY CLOISTER TENNIS COURT FIELD MUSEUM EFFIGY BURIAL COLUMN BARN PORTAL STEPS WALL variety of purposes, including defence, as a landmark, for the hanging of bells, industrial functions, etc. Use more specific type where known. A monastery governed by a prior or prioress. Use with narrow terms of DOUBLE HOUSE, FRIARY, MONASTERY or NUNNERY. A building used for public Christian worship. Use more specific type where known. A religious house governed by an abbot or abbess. Use with narrow terms of DOUBLE HOUSE, MONASTERY or NUNNERY. A covered walk, walled on one side and usually arcaded on the other, surrounding or partly surrounding an open area in a monastery or similar complex of Christian buildings. A prepared area, traditionally grass, where tennis is played. An area of land, often enclosed, used for cultivation or the grazing of livestock. A building, group of buildings or space within a building, where objects of value such as works of art, antiquities, scientific specimens, or other artefacts are housed and displayed. A sculptured likeness, portrait or image, often found on a tomb or other memorial. An interment of human or animal remains. Use specific type where known. If component use with wider site type. Use FUNERARY SITE for optimum retrieval in searches. Use for free standing column. A building for the storage and processing of grain crops and for housing straw, farm equipment and occasionally livestock and their fodder. Use more specific type where known. A door, gate, doorway or gateway of grand or elaborate construction. Use specific type where possible. A series of flat-topped structures, usually made of stone or wood, used to facilitate a person's movement from one level to another. An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known. All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council