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WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD
Information for record number WA12424
Site Name and
Summary
A farmhouse with attached agricultural buildings, dating from the early
18th century with additions in the early 19th century. It date s from
the Post-Medieval to the Imperial period.
Type:
Period:
Farmhouse, Cow House
Imperial (1700 AD - 1833 AD)
Location
Parish:
District:
Grid Reference:
Nuneaton and Bedworth
Nuneaton and Bedworth, Warwickshire
SP 31 91
Level of Protection
Old SMR PrefRef
Description
Source Number
1 Valley Farm. A farmhouse with attached agricultural buildings, dating from the early 18th
century with additions in the early 19th century. The original early 18th century building has a
single storey and attic, and three bays, part square timber frame with replacement brick infill;
a further rendered two-storey bay to the north dates from the early 19th century together with
a single storey gabled extension to the south, of brick. The roof is of plain clay tile. The
building is rectangular on plan, a simple single-depth range; the two northernmost bays form
the farmhouse; the central bay was formerly used as a cow byre; and the final bay, together
with the single-storey extension to the south, is agricultural storage.The exterior of the
farmhouse. The western elevation is the entrance front; the three central bays have the
remains of square panel timber framing with later brick infill in a mixture of bonds. The
fenestration is irregular and includes a single dormer to the lower bay of the house, and
rooflights to the agricultural portion of the building. In addition to the door to the house, a
further door has been introduced to the former dairy. The single storey extension to the south
has a decorative gable with dentiled verges and kneelers built in brick; there are two
segment-headed window openings to the gable end, one now blocked, the other partially so.
The rear (eastern) elevation also retains some of its timber framing; the framing is set more
closely than on the main elevation, but there is similar irregular brick infill of various dates.
There are double barn doors to the single storey extension, a stable door to the former cow
byre and an entrance door to the lower bay of the house. The fenestration, all on the ground
floor, is irregular.The interior of the farmhouse consist of two bays. The ground floor room of
the earlier bay has a chamfered and scroll end stopped beam running north-south, and the
site of a former fireplace is visible in this bay. There is a timber winder stair behind a plank
and batten door at the north of this bay. The later bay extends to the north, and has a single
chamfered beam with run out stops running east-west, with a further chamfered beam across
the fireplace opening at the north. There is a single room above each bay, that to the earlier
bay having exposed single purlins. A plank and batten door leads off the landing into the
room in the later bay. The Cowshed bay is open to the roof, which exposes the entire roof
structure. Trusses consist of principal rafters, crossed at the top to clasp the diagonally set
ridge piece; a tie beam and collar; and upright struts between the tie beam and collar. The
single purlins rest on the outer faces of the principals, and there are diagonal braces
between the purlins and the principals. Timber wall framing is visible in the interior.The
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Storage bay has similar roof structure to the cowshed, and some exposed timber framing to
the east wall. To the ground floor, the room has been divided across its width to provide a
narrow dairy, accessed from the west, and a storage room to the east. An inserted 19th
century floor divides the bay horizontally, and the upper floor is accessed via a timber,
open-tread stair. A 19th or early 20th century fireplace and stack have been removed from
the first floor room.The applicant helpfully provided the results of his extensive documentary
research into the history of the former Manor of Stockingford, now part of the Borough of
Nuneaton and Bedworth.The most relevant documents are: 1) a 1690 survey of the lands
owned by the Lord of the Manor of Stockingford, Sir Willoughby Aston; 2) a 1746 survey for
Lord Paget, the Earl of Uxbridge, 3) the1841 Census; and 4) the 1842 tithe map and
apportionment. The 1690 document implies that the land had already been enclosed and
divided by this date, and the applicant therefore concludes that the present farmhouse dates
from the 17th century, though no mention is made specifically of the building. Similarly, the
1746 document contains no mention of the house, though the plot is recorded as being
leased out and with a tenant in place, which implies that it was a steading by this time. The
farmhouse was definitely present by 1841, when it was in the holding of Thomas Parker,
Farmer, and the 1842 tithe map shows the building in its current form, together with the
L-shaped outbuildings still present on the site. Stylistically, the building appears to date
largely from the early 18th century, with a single bay to the north, now part of the habited
area, having been added in the early 19th century, and a single-storey bay to the south from
the same date. This is supported by the documentary evidence submitted by the applicant.
The historic Ordinance Survey map series shows no changes to the footprint of the building
during the period 1887-1914 other than the removal of a lean-to structure against the north
wall, and the addition of another lean-to to the east, which has only recently been removed.
Sources
Source No:
Source Type:
Title:
Author/Originator:
Date:
Page Number:
Volume/Sheet:
1
Internet Data
National Monument Record (Pastscape)
English Heritage
Word or Phrase
Documentary
Evidence
Description
Documentary evidence is another name for written records. The first
written records in Britain date back to the Roman period.
Documentary evidence can take many different forms, including maps,
charters, letters and written accounts. When archaeologists are
researching a site, they often start by looking at documentary
evidence to see if there are clues that will help them understand what
they might find. Documentary evidence can help archaeologists
understand sites that are discovered during an excavation, field
survey or aerial survey.
1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD)
medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post
medieval period.
Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. was the year that the Normans,
led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and
defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex.
Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 –
1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in
Scotland too.
end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 –
Medieval
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Imperial
1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running
up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the
Middle Ages.[more]
Normans are well known for building the first motte and bailey castles.
There are a number of these in Warwickshire. Brinklow Castle and
Boteler’s Castle, near Alcester, are fine examples. Warwick
Castle and Kenilworth Castle began their long histories as motte and
bailey castles.
Domesday Book was written in the reign of William the Conqueror. It
was completed in about 1086 AD. is a detailed statement of lands held
by the king and his tenants and of the resources that went with those
lands, for example which manors belonged to which estates. Book
was probably put together so that William knew how much tax he was
getting from the country. It provides archaeologists and historians
with a detailed picture of the size of settlements and the population at
the beginning of the medieval period. Many of these settlements
were later deserted as a result of a number of causes, including
changes to land tenure. In other cases the focal point of settlements
physically shifted. Either way, Warwickshire is well known for the
contrast in types of settlement between the Arden area of the north
west and the Feldon area of the south and east. In the Arden area
medieval settlements were of the small, dispersed type, whilst in the
Feldon area the settlements developed into nucleated villages. Some
medieval deserted settlements in Warwickshire can still be traced as
earthworks. A good example exists at Wormleighton.
of medieval farming survive in many parts of Warwickshire as
earthworks of ridge and furrow cultivation. Ridge and furrow
earthworks show where the land was ploughed so that crops could be
grown. The ridges and furrows formed because successive years of
ploughing caused the soil to be drawn up into ridges whilst the furrows
lying between them became deeper. The fields were ploughed using
a team of oxen pulling a small plough, which was very difficult to turn.
This accounts for why the land was ploughed in long strips and why
fields were left open i.e. without hedges, fences or walls dividing up
the land into smaller pockets.
were much smaller in the medieval period. The people who farmed
the land did not own it. The land belonged to the lord of the manor.
The people farming the land were simply tenants who worked a strip
of land or maybe several strips. This is why medieval farming is
sometimes called strip farming.
the time that Domesday Book was written the only town in what is now
called Warwickshire was Warwick. Documentary evidence shows us
that as the years went on more and more markets appeared in the
county. By 1450 there were forty.
towns that grew around the markets were different from the
surrounding villages in their appearance and the type of people who
lived in them. They were larger than the villages and had a more
complicated network of streets and lanes. The towns had an open
space in the centre where a market was held each week. The
houses and workshops that lined the streets had long narrow strips of
land behind them called tenements. Some historic maps show these
medieval build
1751 AD to 1914 AD (end of the 18th century AD to the beginning of
the 20th century AD)
period comes after the Post Medieval period and before the modern
period and starts with beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1750.
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It includes the second part of the Hannoverian period (1714 – 1836)
and the Victorian period (1837 – 1901). The Imperial period ends
with the start of the First World War in 1914.[more]
1750 onwards there were rapid developments in technology. New
inventions, such as the steam engine, made manufacturing possible
on a large scale. Mills and factories were built and towns began to
grow. people started to live and work in towns rather than the
countryside. Hat factories opened in Atherstone, Nuneaton and
Bedworth. Alcester and the Arrow Valley is known for its needle
mills.
was needed to produce steam, which ran the machinery in the
factories. Collieries were opened up all over the northern part of
Warwickshire. A network of canals, and their associated wharves,
locks and lock keepers’ cottages, was also built so that the coal
could be transported from the coal mines to the factories. The
Coventry Canal, for example, linking Coventry, Nuneaton and
Tamworth was built during the 1770s. The Grand Union Canal was
completed in 1800.
’s railways were built during this period. The first was opened in
1826. It ran from Stratford through the south Warwickshire
countryside to Moreton in Marsh, with a branch running to Shipston on
Stour.
the beginning of the 1800s Leamington Spa grew as a royal spa town.
A number of springs were discovered which were believed to be
beneficial for medical purposes. Those people who could afford to,
visited the town to drink and bathe in the water at the The Royal Pump
Rooms, which were built in 1814.
of the buildings in the centre of the town date to the time, which is
called the Regency period. It has been given this name because it
was when George III’s son acted as the Regent or king because
his father was ill.
opening of spas in other parts of Warwickshire was not as successful.
In the 1830s a group of businessmen came up with the idea of
developing an inland visitor resort. They built the Victoria Spa at
Bishopton, which opened in 1837. It was not as popular with visitors
as they had expected and so it closed some time later and the
businessmen lost all their money.
HOUSE
SITE
BUILDING
FLOOR
FOOTPRINT
FARMHOUSE
AGRICULTURAL
BUILDING
OUTBUILDING
MANOR
A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more
specific type where known.
Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type
wherever possible.
A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for
occupants or contents. Use specific type where known.
A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use
broader site type where known.
An impression made in soft ground by a passing animal or human.
The soft ground may have subsequently hardened.
The main dwelling-house of a farm, it can be either detached from or
attached to the working buildings.
A building used for an agricultural and/or subsistence purpose. Use
more specific type where known.
A detached subordinate building. Use specific type where known, eg.
DAIRY.
An area of land consisting of the lord's demesne and of lands from
whose holders he may exact certain fees, etc.
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DAIRY
SQUARE
STRUCTURE
BARN
STABLE
FARM
WALL
A building or group of buildings used for the making, processing,
storing and selling of milk and other dairy products.
An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city,
enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently
containing a garden or laid out with trees.
A construction of unknown function, either extant or implied by
archaeological evidence. If known, use more specific type.
A building for the storage and processing of grain crops and for
housing straw, farm equipment and occasionally livestock and their
fodder. Use more specific type where known.
A building in which horses are accommodated.
A tract of land, often including a farmhouse and ancillary buildings,
used for the purpose of cultivation and the rearing of livestock, etc.
Use more specific type where known.
An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar
materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known.
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