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WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD Information for record number WA12424 Site Name and Summary A farmhouse with attached agricultural buildings, dating from the early 18th century with additions in the early 19th century. It date s from the Post-Medieval to the Imperial period. Type: Period: Farmhouse, Cow House Imperial (1700 AD - 1833 AD) Location Parish: District: Grid Reference: Nuneaton and Bedworth Nuneaton and Bedworth, Warwickshire SP 31 91 Level of Protection Old SMR PrefRef Description Source Number 1 Valley Farm. A farmhouse with attached agricultural buildings, dating from the early 18th century with additions in the early 19th century. The original early 18th century building has a single storey and attic, and three bays, part square timber frame with replacement brick infill; a further rendered two-storey bay to the north dates from the early 19th century together with a single storey gabled extension to the south, of brick. The roof is of plain clay tile. The building is rectangular on plan, a simple single-depth range; the two northernmost bays form the farmhouse; the central bay was formerly used as a cow byre; and the final bay, together with the single-storey extension to the south, is agricultural storage.The exterior of the farmhouse. The western elevation is the entrance front; the three central bays have the remains of square panel timber framing with later brick infill in a mixture of bonds. The fenestration is irregular and includes a single dormer to the lower bay of the house, and rooflights to the agricultural portion of the building. In addition to the door to the house, a further door has been introduced to the former dairy. The single storey extension to the south has a decorative gable with dentiled verges and kneelers built in brick; there are two segment-headed window openings to the gable end, one now blocked, the other partially so. The rear (eastern) elevation also retains some of its timber framing; the framing is set more closely than on the main elevation, but there is similar irregular brick infill of various dates. There are double barn doors to the single storey extension, a stable door to the former cow byre and an entrance door to the lower bay of the house. The fenestration, all on the ground floor, is irregular.The interior of the farmhouse consist of two bays. The ground floor room of the earlier bay has a chamfered and scroll end stopped beam running north-south, and the site of a former fireplace is visible in this bay. There is a timber winder stair behind a plank and batten door at the north of this bay. The later bay extends to the north, and has a single chamfered beam with run out stops running east-west, with a further chamfered beam across the fireplace opening at the north. There is a single room above each bay, that to the earlier bay having exposed single purlins. A plank and batten door leads off the landing into the room in the later bay. The Cowshed bay is open to the roof, which exposes the entire roof structure. Trusses consist of principal rafters, crossed at the top to clasp the diagonally set ridge piece; a tie beam and collar; and upright struts between the tie beam and collar. The single purlins rest on the outer faces of the principals, and there are diagonal braces between the purlins and the principals. Timber wall framing is visible in the interior.The All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council Storage bay has similar roof structure to the cowshed, and some exposed timber framing to the east wall. To the ground floor, the room has been divided across its width to provide a narrow dairy, accessed from the west, and a storage room to the east. An inserted 19th century floor divides the bay horizontally, and the upper floor is accessed via a timber, open-tread stair. A 19th or early 20th century fireplace and stack have been removed from the first floor room.The applicant helpfully provided the results of his extensive documentary research into the history of the former Manor of Stockingford, now part of the Borough of Nuneaton and Bedworth.The most relevant documents are: 1) a 1690 survey of the lands owned by the Lord of the Manor of Stockingford, Sir Willoughby Aston; 2) a 1746 survey for Lord Paget, the Earl of Uxbridge, 3) the1841 Census; and 4) the 1842 tithe map and apportionment. The 1690 document implies that the land had already been enclosed and divided by this date, and the applicant therefore concludes that the present farmhouse dates from the 17th century, though no mention is made specifically of the building. Similarly, the 1746 document contains no mention of the house, though the plot is recorded as being leased out and with a tenant in place, which implies that it was a steading by this time. The farmhouse was definitely present by 1841, when it was in the holding of Thomas Parker, Farmer, and the 1842 tithe map shows the building in its current form, together with the L-shaped outbuildings still present on the site. Stylistically, the building appears to date largely from the early 18th century, with a single bay to the north, now part of the habited area, having been added in the early 19th century, and a single-storey bay to the south from the same date. This is supported by the documentary evidence submitted by the applicant. The historic Ordinance Survey map series shows no changes to the footprint of the building during the period 1887-1914 other than the removal of a lean-to structure against the north wall, and the addition of another lean-to to the east, which has only recently been removed. Sources Source No: Source Type: Title: Author/Originator: Date: Page Number: Volume/Sheet: 1 Internet Data National Monument Record (Pastscape) English Heritage Word or Phrase Documentary Evidence Description Documentary evidence is another name for written records. The first written records in Britain date back to the Roman period. Documentary evidence can take many different forms, including maps, charters, letters and written accounts. When archaeologists are researching a site, they often start by looking at documentary evidence to see if there are clues that will help them understand what they might find. Documentary evidence can help archaeologists understand sites that are discovered during an excavation, field survey or aerial survey. 1066 AD to 1539 AD (the 11th century AD to the 16th century AD) medieval period comes after the Saxon period and before the post medieval period. Medieval period begins in 1066 AD. was the year that the Normans, led by William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087), invaded England and defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in East Sussex. Medieval period includes the first half of the Tudor period (1485 – 1603 AD), when the Tudor family reigned in England and eventually in Scotland too. end of the Medieval period is marked by Henry VIII’s (1509 – Medieval All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council Imperial 1547) order for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the years running up to 1539 AD. The whole of this period is sometimes called the Middle Ages.[more] Normans are well known for building the first motte and bailey castles. There are a number of these in Warwickshire. Brinklow Castle and Boteler’s Castle, near Alcester, are fine examples. Warwick Castle and Kenilworth Castle began their long histories as motte and bailey castles. Domesday Book was written in the reign of William the Conqueror. It was completed in about 1086 AD. is a detailed statement of lands held by the king and his tenants and of the resources that went with those lands, for example which manors belonged to which estates. Book was probably put together so that William knew how much tax he was getting from the country. It provides archaeologists and historians with a detailed picture of the size of settlements and the population at the beginning of the medieval period. Many of these settlements were later deserted as a result of a number of causes, including changes to land tenure. In other cases the focal point of settlements physically shifted. Either way, Warwickshire is well known for the contrast in types of settlement between the Arden area of the north west and the Feldon area of the south and east. In the Arden area medieval settlements were of the small, dispersed type, whilst in the Feldon area the settlements developed into nucleated villages. Some medieval deserted settlements in Warwickshire can still be traced as earthworks. A good example exists at Wormleighton. of medieval farming survive in many parts of Warwickshire as earthworks of ridge and furrow cultivation. Ridge and furrow earthworks show where the land was ploughed so that crops could be grown. The ridges and furrows formed because successive years of ploughing caused the soil to be drawn up into ridges whilst the furrows lying between them became deeper. The fields were ploughed using a team of oxen pulling a small plough, which was very difficult to turn. This accounts for why the land was ploughed in long strips and why fields were left open i.e. without hedges, fences or walls dividing up the land into smaller pockets. were much smaller in the medieval period. The people who farmed the land did not own it. The land belonged to the lord of the manor. The people farming the land were simply tenants who worked a strip of land or maybe several strips. This is why medieval farming is sometimes called strip farming. the time that Domesday Book was written the only town in what is now called Warwickshire was Warwick. Documentary evidence shows us that as the years went on more and more markets appeared in the county. By 1450 there were forty. towns that grew around the markets were different from the surrounding villages in their appearance and the type of people who lived in them. They were larger than the villages and had a more complicated network of streets and lanes. The towns had an open space in the centre where a market was held each week. The houses and workshops that lined the streets had long narrow strips of land behind them called tenements. Some historic maps show these medieval build 1751 AD to 1914 AD (end of the 18th century AD to the beginning of the 20th century AD) period comes after the Post Medieval period and before the modern period and starts with beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1750. All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council It includes the second part of the Hannoverian period (1714 – 1836) and the Victorian period (1837 – 1901). The Imperial period ends with the start of the First World War in 1914.[more] 1750 onwards there were rapid developments in technology. New inventions, such as the steam engine, made manufacturing possible on a large scale. Mills and factories were built and towns began to grow. people started to live and work in towns rather than the countryside. Hat factories opened in Atherstone, Nuneaton and Bedworth. Alcester and the Arrow Valley is known for its needle mills. was needed to produce steam, which ran the machinery in the factories. Collieries were opened up all over the northern part of Warwickshire. A network of canals, and their associated wharves, locks and lock keepers’ cottages, was also built so that the coal could be transported from the coal mines to the factories. The Coventry Canal, for example, linking Coventry, Nuneaton and Tamworth was built during the 1770s. The Grand Union Canal was completed in 1800. ’s railways were built during this period. The first was opened in 1826. It ran from Stratford through the south Warwickshire countryside to Moreton in Marsh, with a branch running to Shipston on Stour. the beginning of the 1800s Leamington Spa grew as a royal spa town. A number of springs were discovered which were believed to be beneficial for medical purposes. Those people who could afford to, visited the town to drink and bathe in the water at the The Royal Pump Rooms, which were built in 1814. of the buildings in the centre of the town date to the time, which is called the Regency period. It has been given this name because it was when George III’s son acted as the Regent or king because his father was ill. opening of spas in other parts of Warwickshire was not as successful. In the 1830s a group of businessmen came up with the idea of developing an inland visitor resort. They built the Victoria Spa at Bishopton, which opened in 1837. It was not as popular with visitors as they had expected and so it closed some time later and the businessmen lost all their money. HOUSE SITE BUILDING FLOOR FOOTPRINT FARMHOUSE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING OUTBUILDING MANOR A building for human habitation, especially a dwelling place. Use more specific type where known. Unclassifiable site with minimal information. Specify site type wherever possible. A structure with a roof to provide shelter from the weather for occupants or contents. Use specific type where known. A layer of stone, brick or boards, etc, on which people tread. Use broader site type where known. An impression made in soft ground by a passing animal or human. The soft ground may have subsequently hardened. The main dwelling-house of a farm, it can be either detached from or attached to the working buildings. A building used for an agricultural and/or subsistence purpose. Use more specific type where known. A detached subordinate building. Use specific type where known, eg. DAIRY. An area of land consisting of the lord's demesne and of lands from whose holders he may exact certain fees, etc. All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council DAIRY SQUARE STRUCTURE BARN STABLE FARM WALL A building or group of buildings used for the making, processing, storing and selling of milk and other dairy products. An open space or area, usually square in plan, in a town or city, enclosed by residential and/or commercial buildings, frequently containing a garden or laid out with trees. A construction of unknown function, either extant or implied by archaeological evidence. If known, use more specific type. A building for the storage and processing of grain crops and for housing straw, farm equipment and occasionally livestock and their fodder. Use more specific type where known. A building in which horses are accommodated. A tract of land, often including a farmhouse and ancillary buildings, used for the purpose of cultivation and the rearing of livestock, etc. Use more specific type where known. An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones or similar materials, laid in courses. Use specific type where known. All Information (c) Warwickshire County Council