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Genetic Engineering Study Guide Key Terms: genetic engineering reverse transcriptase restriction endonuclease DNA vector genomic library transgenic animals genetic screening cDNA DNA ligase cloning gene therapy gel electrophoresis genetic probe DNA polymerase plasmid DNA profiling PCR Southern blotting Review Questions: 1. How can restriction enzymes be used to splice a piece of human DNA within a plasmid? 2. Describe the polymerase chain reaction. In what practical ways is PCR useful? 3. Describe several uses of genetic engineering in agriculture. 4. Describe several uses of genetic engineering in human medicine. 5. Describe amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling, including advantages and disadvantages of each. What are their medical uses? 6. Discuss the ethical issues of cloning humans. 7. Outline the process of gene therapy using cystic fibrosis as an example. 8. Explain how plasmids are used to clone genes. 9. Describe the process by which “Dolly”, the sheep, was cloned. 10. Briefly describe the process of DNA fingerprinting including a discussion of gel electrophoresis. 11. What does a genetic probe consist of? 12. What are core nucleotide sequences, and in which region of DNA are they found?