Download Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective
1. Why are the Nunavut and Nisga'a land claims interesting to sociologists?
A) The Canadian government has a fiduciary, or trust-like, responsibility for First Nations.
B) Resolving these land claims will set an historical precedent and allow other native groups to do the
same.
C) They believe that these two groups are justified in making their claims.
D) They have not yet been resolved, and sociologists could help in this process.
E) They demonstrate how minority groups struggle to establish and maintain their distinct culture within
a dominant social landscape.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 2
Topic: What is Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
2. Sociology is best described as
A) the best means to achieving harmonious social relations.
B) a collection of social data and statistics.
C) the study of how the elite react to social problems.
D) the scientific study of human social behaviour.
E) a way to understand how humans really think.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 2
Topic: What is Sociology
Skill: Definition
3. Which of the following is an important quality of the sociological perspective?
A) It accepts conventional explanations of social life.
B) It only studies minority groups.
C) It employs the scientific method.
D) It focuses on how people are alike.
E) It only studies industrialized societies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 3
Topic: What is Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
4. Sociology is a science because
A) it follows a specific set of research procedures.
B) it is based on casual observation.
C) it is taught in schools.
D) it is based on tradition.
E) it is always right.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 3
Topic: What is Sociology
Skill: Definition
5. Which of the following statements is the most accurate definition of C. Wright Mills' concept of the
sociological imagination?
A) The sociological imagination is the understanding that one must identify the individual causes of
people’s problems.
B) The sociological imagination is the ability to accurately guess how groups of people will behave in
given circumstances.
C) The sociological imagination is the method used to collect statistical data.
D) The sociological imagination is an understanding of the relationship between larger social factors and
people’s personal lives.
E) The sociological imagination is the understanding that individuals are responsible for all the events in
their lives.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 3
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
6. C. Wright Mills advocated our adoption of the sociological imagination. What would he have us do?
A) Assume a politically correct approach.
B) Use a day-dreamer's approach to social science.
C) Think more about how changes in our society directly affect our individual lives.
D) Ignore the influence of the media.
E) Think more about the ideal society.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 3
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Conceptual
7. Which of the following is an example of applying the sociological imagination?
A) Divorce is caused by individual factors such as adultery.
B) Divorce results when one of the partners is afraid of commitment.
C) Divorce has been influenced by social trends such as the increasing availability of jobs that allow
women to support themselves.
D) Some marriages are doomed to fail.
E) The problem of divorce can be resolved through individuals undergoing marital counselling.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 3
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
8. Sociologists conduct research that relies on the use of empirical reality. Which of the following is an example
of this type of research?
A) Research to determine the "best" sport.
B) Research to determine which gender is more likely to have genuine intuition.
C) Research to answer the question of how minorities are portrayed in the mass media.
D) Research to study the existence of angels.
E) Research to determine what is the best form of government.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Conceptual
9. Which of the following is accurate regarding sociologists ultimate goal in conducting research?
A) To design new methods of studying social behaviour.
B) To go beyond discovery of the facts and uncover the causes of regular behaviour patterns.
C) To discover regular behaviour patterns, regardless of their causes.
D) To be able to describe social life.
E) To uncover the facts.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
10. A ________ is an explanation of the relationship between specific facts.
A) precept
B) theory
C) concept
D) method
Answer: B
E) paradigm
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Definition
11. The ultimate aim of any sociological theory is to
A) reveal the unfairness in social life and expose dominant groups.
B) change the social structure.
C) increase the prestige of the researcher.
D) provide an explanation of people's past behaviours.
E) be able to make accurate predictions about people's behaviour in the future.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
12. If you were asked to report on suicide rates in France in the 1800s, which author's writings should you
consult?
A) August Comte
B) C. Wright Mills
C) Karl Marx
D) mile Durkheim
E) Max Weber
Answer: D
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
13. Durkheim identified social integration as
A) the level of sustained involvement with other people.
B) the level of group social activities within a community.
C) the level of like-minded people in an organization.
D) the level of social marginality.
E) the level of group segregation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Definition
14. Durkheim found that suicide rates tend to vary with the level of
A) social integration.
B) depression.
C) poverty.
D) mental illness.
E) divorce.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
15. The assumption that group-level findings may be applied to particular individuals is known as
A) the group-to-individual misapplication.
B) the ecological fallacy.
C) the Durkheimian fallacy.
D) the sociological imagination.
E) the social integration error.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
16. All sociological theories are probabilistic or conditional because
A) they demonstrate that the belief in free will as a factor in human behaviour is inaccurate.
B) they predict behaviour as likely in specific social conditions.
C) they cannot predict human behaviour, since people are not like laboratory rats.
D) there is a lot of intuition involved.
E) they accurately predict future behaviour of individuals.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
17. A passion for looking beyond the obvious or surface-level explanations for social behaviour is referred to as
A) debunking.
B) mysticism.
C) empirical reality.
D) positivism.
E) incurable nosiness.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Definition
18. Which of the following is an example of debunking?
A) A company advertisement claiming that it is doing something "to serve you better".
B) Asserting that there is no social inequality in Canada.
C) Homeowners objecting to a new halfway house in their neighbourhood saying that their only concern
is for the safety of their children.
D) Durkheim's research that showed that suicide stems not only from psychological problems, but also
from low levels of social integration.
E) Believing that the mass media's primary purpose is to inform and entertain.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 5-6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Conceptual
19. ________ is the sociological term for the condition of being partially excluded from the mainstream of
society.
A) Social redundancy
B) Social advocacy
C) Social cohesion
D) Social reactivity
E) Social marginality
Answer: E
Page Ref: 6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Definition
20. The individuals who are most likely to question the established truths and thus to be naturally most inclined
to debunk are
A) those who live in totalitarian societies.
B) those who belong to the more powerful groups in society.
C) those who were raised that way.
D) politicians, who are most likely to understand the social realities.
E) those who display the quality of social marginality.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
21. The concept that different cultural groups exist side by side within the same culture and the belief that the
heritage of each should be understood, promoted, and respected defines:
A) ethnicity.
B) globalism.
C) multiculturalism.
D) socialization.
E) intersectionality.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Definition
22. When sociologists debunk, they very frequently find that the common-sense understandings that many
people embrace are
A) surprisingly not influenced by the media or what is taught in schools.
B) quite accurate reflections of social reality.
C) always based on logic and reason.
D) distorted in ways that promote the interests of the more powerful in society.
E) remarkably free of stereo-typical thinking.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Knowledge
23. In terms of an emphasis on globalism, most sociologists believe that
A) a global perspective is not necessary, since there is no single global culture.
B) a global perspective is not consistent with the sociological imagination.
C) a global perspective is required, since there is a rapid growth in interconnections that link all of the
world's societies together into a single global system.
D) due to the increased reliance on technology, it is neither wise nor practical to take a global perspective.
E) a global perspective is not necessary, since sociologists only study developed societies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 7
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill: Conceptual
24. Which of the following was one of the key developments that led to the birth of sociology?
A) The Agrarian Revolution
B) The invention of the printing press
C) Writers who described what they regarded as an ideal society
D) The development of the scientific method
E) The continuation of traditional political ideas
Answer: D
Page Ref: 7-8
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
25. Auguste Comte strongly advocated a ________ approach to the study of society.
A) pragmatic
B) mystical
C) economic
D) subjective
E) positivistic
Answer: E
Page Ref: 8
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
26. Which of the following actually named the field of sociology?
A) Max Weber
B) C. Wright Mills
C) Auguste Comte
D) Karl Marx
E) mile Durkheim
Answer: C
Page Ref: 8
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
27. Early sociologist mile Durkheim noted the tendency toward a general decline in the strength of the rules
that guided people in deciding how they should behave, which is described by the term ________.
A) social disorganization
B) anomie
C) positivism
D) social integration
E) functionalism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 8
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Definition
28. Which one of the following was among the first generation of European sociologists?
A) Harold A. Innis
B) August Comte
C) C. Wright Mills
D) C.A. Dawson
E) Charles Darwin
Answer: B
Page Ref: 8-9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
29. Durkheim linked the growth of anomie to
A) low levels of social integration and regulation.
B) the unbridled growth of colonialism.
C) the new political ideas taking root in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.
D) the writings of Karl Marx.
E) the Protestant Reformation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 8
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
30. Early sociologist Karl Marx identified the chief problem facing modern society as
A) the low levels of social integration and regulation.
B) the oppression of the workers by the capitalist factory owners.
C) the need to adjust to the evolution of society from a simple to complex form.
D) the growing influence of mass media.
E) the ability to respond to the needs of the poor during times of rapid social change.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
31. Which of the following is one of Karl Marx's primary contributions to sociology?
A) The idea that human societies evolve through a series of stages from simple to more complex forms.
B) An orientation toward the study of social harmony.
C) An important study on suicide.
D) The idea that social life can be viewed as an arena of conflict between different groups.
E) An emphasis on the importance of psychology in shaping social life.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
32. According to Max Weber, rationalization made society
A) more individualistic.
B) more productive.
C) more political.
D) more intuitive.
E) more humane.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
33. Harriet Martineau was a strong supporter of
A) mannerisms.
B) social Darwinism.
C) feminism.
D) slavery.
E) traditionalism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
34. Social Darwinism is the view that
A) humans descended from apes.
B) all societies must die out.
C) evolution is not relevant to humans.
D) success comes to the fittest of the human species.
E) all societies will progress.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Definition
35. The first Canadian department of sociology was founded
A) in 1943, at Laval University.
B) in 1936, at the University of Toronto.
C) in 1930, at Simon Fraser University.
D) in 1892, at the University of Chicago.
E) in 1924, at McGill University.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
36. One contribution of Quebec to Canadian sociology is
A) a nationalistic sentiment.
B) a unique linguistic and cultural influence.
C) an urban approach.
D) studies on the fur trade.
E) its geographical isolation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 10
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
37. The first North American department of of sociology was established at the ____________________________
in 1892.
A) University of New York
B) University of Chicago
C) McGill University
D) Toronto University
E) Harvard University
Answer: B
Page Ref: 10
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
38. Sociology developed and thrived in Canada and the United States in the 1900s as a result of:
A) major conflicts in Europe forcing the intellectual community to relocate to North America.
B) the intellectual climate.
C) the introduction of industrialization as the main economic resource.
D) the political stability of the governments.
E) financial stability.11
Answer: B
Page Ref: 11
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Conceptual
39. One of the defining features of Canadian sociology is
A) its belief in anarchy.
B) its traditional orientation.
C) its radical nature.
D) its conservative bias.
E) its liberal slant.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 11
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
40. Many of the early sociologists influential in Canada were trained at
A) the University of Toronto.
B) Yale University.
C) the University of Chicago.
D) Harvard University.
E) Oxford University.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 11
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
41. The Royal Commission on the Status of Women was established in 1967 to:
A) inquire into and report upon the status of women in North America and to recommend what steps mit
be taken by the Governments to ensure for women equal opportunities with men in all aspects of North
American Society.
B) inquire into and report upon the status of women in Canada and to recommend what steps mit be
taken by the Federal Government to ensure for women equal opportunities with men in all aspects of
Canadian Society.
C) inquire into and report upon the status of aboriginal women in Canada and to recommend what steps
mit be taken by the Federal Government to ensure for women equal opportunities with men in all
aspects of Canadian Society.
D) inquire into and report upon the status of minorities in Canada and to recommend what steps mit be
taken by the Provincial Government to ensure for minorities equal opportunities in all aspects of
Canadian Society.
E) inquire into and report upon the status of women in the global content and to recommend what steps
mit be taken by the United Nations to ensure for women equal opportunities with men in all aspects of
Society.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 12
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
42. A theoretical perspective is
A) a discussion about the causes and consequences of social behaviour.
B) a positivist method based on subjective interpretation of empirical facts.
C) a general orientation within sociology that guides research and theory construction.
D) an unscientific approach to the study of society.
E) a method of collecting data.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
43. While a/an ________ perspective directs attention to large-scale social phenomena, a/an ________ perspective
concentrates on the details of interaction between people and small groups.
A) macrosociological, microsociological
B) microsociological, macrosociological
C) interactionist, functionalist
D) multilevel, single level
E) conflict, functionalist
Answer: A
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
44. The belief that all social groups are systems whose parts are interdependent is characteristic of
A) social Darwinism.
B) conflict theory.
C) functionalism.
D) exchange theory.
E) symbolic interactionism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
45. Which of the sociological paradigms reflects an underlying organic analogy that compares the
interdependence of social groups to the similar function in the organs in a body?
A) Functionalism
B) Feminism
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Exchange theory
E) Conflict theory
Answer: A
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
46. According to Robert Merton, the obvious functions we openly intend a social system to perform are
A) latent functions.
B) dysfunctions.
C) eufunctions.
D) manifest functions.
E) traditional functions.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
47. According to Robert Merton, the unintended and often unrecognized functions of a social system are
A) manifest functions.
B) latent functions.
C) eufunctions.
D) traditional functions.
E) dysfunctions.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
48. _______________________________ work centred on women and their role as wage earners. Her book WageEarning Women in 1910 surveyed 13,500 women labourers at 400 companies in 20 Canadian cities and was
one of the first large-scale uses of survey research in Canada.
A) Kathleen Herman
B) Annie Marion MacLean
C) Ruth Tittenhouse Morris
D) Emile Durkheim
E) Aileen D. Ross
Answer: B
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
49. The fact that inmates often learn how to be better criminals from their fellow prisoners is an example of a
A) dysfunction.
B) traditional function.
C) theoretical perspective.
D) manifest function.
E) latent function.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 14
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Conceptual
50. According to classic functionalist, social systems tend to remain largely unchanged so long as all of their
parts are functioning properly. This condition of stability is referred to as
A) equilibrium.
B) anomie.
C) social solidarity.
D) symbolic interdependence.
E) structural functionalism.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 14
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
51. Critics of functionalist charge that this perspective
A) does not sufficiently point out how much harmony and stability actually exist in society.
B) is too radical.
C) is too liberal.
D) is unscientific.
E) overemphasizes the extent to which harmony and stability actually exist in society.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 15
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
52. Conflict theory is primarily based on the work of
A) Herbert Spencer.
B) Karl Marx.
C) August Comte.
D) mile Durkheim.
E) Max Weber.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 15
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
53. ________ theory views society as an arena in which different individuals and groups struggle with each
other in order to obtain scarce and valued resources.
A) Symbolic interactionist
B) Exchange
C) Functionalist
D) Positivist
E) Conflict
Answer: E
Page Ref: 15
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
54. The ________ perspective suggests that change, not stability, is normal in society.
A) exchange
B) functionalist
C) symbolic interactionist
D) theoretical
E) conflict
Answer: C
Page Ref: 16
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
55. Symbolic interactionist perspectives focus on:
A) attempts to see the world as others see it.
B) research conducted on the basis of economic motives.
C) knowledge that guides ordinary conduct in everyday life.
D) social facts.
E) political facts.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 16
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
56. Critics of the ________ approach state that it tends to ignore the many areas of social life in which most
people really do arrive at an uncoerced consensus about important values.
A) symbolic interactionist
B) positivist
C) exchange
D) functionalist
E) conflict
Answer: E
Page Ref: 16
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
57. Adherents of the ________ approach study specific cases of how individual people behave in particular faceto-face social settings.
A) positivist
B) functionalist
C) dramaturgical
D) symbolic interactionist
E) conflict
Answer: D
Page Ref: 16
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
58. More recently, sociologists have begun to emphasize:
A) women in society.
B) economic diversity and the problems of the poor
C) economic conditions that lead to inequalities in the global world.
D) the combined effects of minority status, class, gender, age and sexual orientation.
E) racial minorities and the role for equality.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 16
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives on Socialization
Skill: Knowledge
59. "If men [sic] define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" illustrates
A) the conflict paradigm.
B) the latent functions.
C) the Thomas Theorem.
D) the manifest functions.
E) the dramaturgical approach.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 17
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
60. The ________________________________________________ place emphasis on identifying the meanings
people apply to social phenomena and consider it especially important to explore how individuals
subjectively interpret reality.
A) Symbolic Interactionists
B) Postmodernists
C) Conflict perspectives
D) Functionalists
E) Feminists
Answer: A
Page Ref: 17
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
61. When a researcher's objective is to gain an understanding of precisely how their subjects perceive the social
world in which they live, they are demonstrating the approach known as
A) pure sociology.
B) positivism.
C) empirical reality.
D) verstehen.
E) debunking.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 17-18
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
62. Critics of symbolic interactionism state that this approach
A) is too liberal.
B) fails to realize how difficult it is to change long-established social arrangements.
C) is too conservative.
D) ignores the extent to which harmony and stability actually exist in society.
E) is too radical.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
63. An androcentric bias refers to
A) research conducted on university students.
B) research conducted on prison inmates.
C) research conducted on males used to explain patterns of social behaviour for all people.
D) research conducted by feminist sociologists.
E) research conducted by elite sociologists.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
64. In which of the following ways has feminism influenced sociological theorists?
A) Feminism only examines female prison inmates.
B) Feminism has led to widespread agreement among social theorists on how the feminist movement
should reach its goal.
C) Feminism has moved social theorists away from focusing on how women are alike and how they are
different.
D) Feminist sociologists have caused a backlash against them among male theorists, which will, in the long
run, reverse social progress on gender issues.
E) Feminism has prompted theorists to account for the ways race, class and gender are linked and has
challenged the white, middle class male norm for explaining social behaviour.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
65. In the discipline of sociology, the ________ perspective is most likely to make use of insights that occur
naturally to people who have been disadvantaged by subordination.
A) symbolic interactionist
B) functionalist
C) feminist
D) positivist
E) dramaturgical
Answer: C
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
66. Critics of feminism state that this approach
A) is overly androcentric.
B) abandons scientific objectivity.
C) is not very popular.
D) ignores the role of men in society.
E) is too conservative.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 19
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
67. The feminist perspective directs our attention to the androcentric bias of both traditional sociology and
contemporary culture. An androcentric bias in sociology assumes that research conducted on
A) males can explain patterns of social behaviour for all people.
B) females can explain patterns of social behaviour for all people.
C) the way people define the social situation in which they find themselves and is a final analysis of
humans.
D) minorities can explain patterns of social behaviour for all cultures.
E) lower classes who lack involvement in society and have little social power are inaccurate.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 19
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Knowledge
68. Advocates of ________ believe that it is the responsibility of other disciplines such as social work to actually
use sociological data in the effort to improve social life.
A) applied sociology
B) verstehen
C) functionalism
D) pure sociology
E) symbolic interactionism
Answer: D
Page Ref: 20
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Definition
69. Advocates of ________ believe that sociologists should put their knowledge and skills to work in the real
world.
A) applied sociology
B) verstehen
C) symbolic interactionism
D) pure sociology
E) functionalism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 21
Topic: Using Sociology
Skill: Definition
70. Female juveniles typically serve longer terms in institutions than male juveniles despite the fact that females
generally have committed less serious crimes. Part of the reason for this is that
A) the longer the youth is locked up, the more likely they are able to reform.
B) young women are brought to the attention of the courts primarily because of precocious sexuality,
which the male-dominated legal system finds much more threatening in girls than in boys.
C) young females tend to commit crimes of a violent nature.
D) sexually active young women are locked away with no hope of reforming them while sexually active
men are seen as sowing their wild oats.
E) the sexist image that women are weaker and therefore are less easily reformed than men.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 20
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill: Conceptual
71. The sociological perspective focuses primarily on individuals.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 3
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
72. Sociology begins with the observation that social life does not display any basic regularities of behaviour.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 3
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
73. A fundamental theme in sociology is that the characteristics of a social group cannot be directly predicted
from the qualities of the individuals within it.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 3
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
74. Use of the sociological imagination has established that the only way to lower the divorce rate is to
concentr ate on individuals failings.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 3
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
75. The term "empirical" refers to facts that are derived from conjecture.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
76. The process of generalization allows researchers to apply the same fundamental explanations to many
different specific cases.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
77. A theory is an explanation of patterns and relationships between specific facts.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
78. Durkheim chose to research suicide precisely because it was widely believed at the time that this act was
caused entirely by nonsocial factors, especially psychological ones.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 4
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
79. Automatically applying group-level findings to particular individuals is an example of the logical error
known as the ecological fallacy.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
80. Social research allows theorists to state their theories in conditional terms, such as "given certain specified
social conditions, a particular outcome will occur."
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
81. Debunking is a state of mind that is undeniably a little optimistic.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 5
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
82. People who are most likely to question the established truths (and thus be most inclined to debunk) are
members of the more powerful groups in society.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
83. Sociology is often used to legitimize the privileged position of the elite, and most sociologists focus their
research on the most affluent members of society.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
84. Sociologists define multiculturalism as "the idea that different groups of people should be able to live side by
side without one dominating the others or any group having to abandon its heritage."
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 6
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Skill:
85. Sociology was first developed at the University of Chicago, and then spread to Europe and Canada in the
twentieth century.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 7
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
86. The development of scientific ways of investigating the natural world had an influence on the development
of sociology.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 7
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
87. The rapid expansion of colonialism was a key element in the development of sociology, because it increased
the new sociologists' awareness of diversity.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 8
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
88. The analysis of the crisis of early industrial society developed by Karl Marx is not relevant to today's society.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
89. Emile Durkheim noted that in the new industrial cities there existed a general decline in the strength of the
rules that guided people in deciding how they should behave in society.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 9
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
90. Geography and regionalism have had an influence on the development of sociology in Canada.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 10
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
91. Herbert Spencer and his sociology is principally intended to explain how human societies evolve through a
series of stages from simple to ever-more complex.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 10
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
92. Many sociologists influential in Canada were trained at the University of Chicago.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 11
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
93. Feminism has not yet gained much popularity among Canadian sociologists.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 11
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
94. The women's movement gained momentum in Canada during the 1960s.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 11
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
95. Canadian sociology remains less critical than the American tradition and continues to make insignificant
contributions to our understanding of contemporary society.12122
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 12
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
96. Functionalism and conflict theory are macrosociological perspectives, while symbolic interactionism is a
microsociological perspective.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 13
Topic: The Development of Sociology
Skill:
97. According to the functionalist perspective, the function actually provided by a social system is the same as its
purpose what we intend for it to do.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 13
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
98. A manifest function of the prison system is to reduce crime.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 13-14
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
99. According to functionalist, a social system in equilibrium is unlikely to change.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 14
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
100. Poverty is a symptom of dysfunction in Canadian society.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 14
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
101. Dysfunction is anything that keeps social systems from operating smoothly and efficiently.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 15
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
102. One criticism of the functionalist perspective is that it overemphasizes the harmony and stability that exist in
society.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 15
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
103. Conflict theorists do not deny that certain types of social arrangements are functional, but they insist that we
must always ask for whom they are functional.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 16
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
104. According to symbolic interactionists, people do not respond directly to the world around them, but rather
to the meaning they apply to various aspects of empirical reality.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 16-17
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
105. The Thomas Theorem focuses on the biological origin of human social behaviour.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 17
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
106. The functionalist perspective directs our attention to the androcentric bias of contemporary culture.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
107. As more women become sociologists, they are able to question traditional male-dominated sociological
research and theories.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 18
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
108. Most sociologists focus on the strengths of the current system.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 20
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
109. Cross-cultural research is not relevant to modern Canadian sociology.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 20
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Skill:
110. Pure sociology is the view that sociologists should limit their activities to researching the facts and
developi ng theories to explain them.
Answer:
True
Page Ref: 22
Topic: Using Sociology
Skill:
111. Today, a full-time female worker earns around 40 percent of what a full-time male worker earns.
Answer:
False
Page Ref: 23
Topic: Using Sociology
Skill:
112. How would you explain the term "the sociological imagination" to a friend who has never taken a sociology
course?
Answer:
Page Ref:
Topic:
Skill:
113. Sociology is among the newest of the sciences, having arisen in Europe during the mid-nineteenth century. It
grew out of a long tradition of social philosophy that stretches all the way back to the ancient world. Trace
the main historical thinkers who wrote extensively about social issues.
Answer:
Page Ref:
Topic:
Skill:
114. Describe how a socially marginal person (such as one living in poverty or who is homeless) is better situated
to experience the inadequacy of established truths. How might such a person perceive the effects of society
on his/her daily life? How might a "privileged" person?
Answer:
Page Ref:
Topic:
Skill:
115. Compare the four major theoretical perspectives in sociology. Include a short summary of the major points of
each then highlight the differences among them. Also include a brief explanation of how each of the
paradigms explains the persistence of inequality in Canada.
Answer:
Page Ref:
Topic:
Skill:
116. The Feminist perspective has had a tremendous impact on sociology over the past three decades. Outline the
Feminist perspective completely giving examples when possible.
Answer:
Page Ref:
Topic:
Skill:
117. Discuss the impact that the feminist perspective has had on sociology. Follow this with a brief discussion of
objectivity as it applies to the feminist and the three other major theoretical perspectives.
Answer:
Page Ref:
Topic:
Skill:
118. What are the four defining features of Canadian sociology? Explain what effect each of these features has had
on sociology in Canada.
Answer:
Page Ref:
Topic:
Skill: