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Transcript
INNER CORE OUTER CORE CRUST MANTLE The iron and nickel layer that is very hot but remains solid due to great pressure The molten iron and nickel layer that is the main source of the Earth’s magnetic field The thin, rigid, and rocky outer surface of the Earth The layer made of loose, rocky material that is sometimes soft that reaches the Earth’s surface through volcanoes LAVA Hot liquid, molten rock that is above the Earth’s surface MAGMA THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS PANGAEA CONVERGENT BOUNDARY DIVERGENT BOUNDARY Hot liquid, molten rock that is beneath the Earth’s surface The Earth’s surface is broken into large pieces that are in a state of constant movement The supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago Where two plates come together or collide Where two plates move away from each other TRANSFORM BOUNDARY VOLCANO EARTHQUAKE Where two plates slide past each other Formed at convergent and divergent boundaries and is the opening in the crust where lava flows Formed at transform boundaries and is the sudden release of built up energy in the crust FAULT A break or crack in the Earth’s crust PLATE An enormous, ridged block of crust floating on the soft rock of the mantle that moves very slow MID-OCEAN RIDGES Long chains of mountains under the ocean RING OF FIRE SEISMOGRAPH SUBDUCTION WEATHERING A circle of volcanoes that surrounds the Pacific Ocean A tool that scientists use to measure the strengths of earthquakes The process in which one plate is pushed downward beneath another plate into the mantle The process of breaking rock into silt, sand, clay, or sediment DEPOSITION EROSION The process of dropping, or depositing, sediment in a new location The process of moving sediment from one place to another; caused by water, wind, people, animals, or gravity SEDIMENT Small, broken pieces of rock PHYSICAL WEATHERING CHEMICAL WEATHERING Changes the size of the rock but not what it is made of; caused by water, temperature, wind, and plants Breaks down rocks through chemical reactions by creating a new substance (Ex: acid rain, rust) FOSSIL SEDIMENTARY ROCK IGNEOUS ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK ROCK CYCLE Remains or traces/imprint of animals, plants, and other organisms from the past Rocks formed from sediments that have been pressed and cemented into rock Rocks formed by the cooling and hardening of magma or lava Rock formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks are changed due to heat, pressure, or chemical reactions The continuous process of rocks changing from one type to another over time