Download Complete the definitions (4 pts each)

Last revised 6/29/2017
DNA and Technology Quiz Key B
(Include a chart of Amino Acids and word bank)
Name _______________________________
Block _______________________________
Complete the definitions (4 pts each)
1. Genetically Engineered
Vaccine
A process in which a genes that encodes a pathogen’s (disease
causing bacteria or virus) surface proteins are inserted into the
DNA of a harmless bacteria or virus. The modified harmless
bacteria or virus is then injected into a human to protect them from
the pathogen.
2. Gene Therapy.
A technique that involves putting a healthy copy of a gene into the
cells of a person whose copy of the gene is defective.
3. DNA Fingerprinting
A pattern of dark bands that results when an individual’s DNA
fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.
4. Human Genome
Project
The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire
human genome and to map the location of every gene on each
chromosome by the year 2003.
5. Genome
Refers to all of an organism’s DNA.
6. Transgenic Animals
Animals that have foreign DNA in their cells.
7. Differentiated cell A cell that has become specialized to become a specific type of cell
such as a liver cell.
8. Transformation
The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another; first
observed by Griffith.
9. Translation
The stage of gene expression in which the information in mRNA in
used to make a protein.
10. Gene Expression The entire process by which proteins are made based on the
information encoded in DNA.
11. Genetic Code
Version B
A sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence
of a protein or protein synthesis for example UUU AGU UUA
GAG.
Last revised 6/29/2017
12. Protein
Organic compound made of amino acids.
13. uracil
DNA has nucleotides with adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.
What replaces thymine in RNA?
14. Vaccine
A substance that is prepared from killing or weakening
microorganisms and is reintroduced into the body to protect it from
further attacks.
15. Transformation
A change in phenotype caused when bacterial cells take up foreign
genetic material.
16. Nucleotide
Subunits of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar,
and a phosphate group.
17. Base-pairing rules
The rules stating that in DNA adenine on one strand always pairs
with a thymine on the opposite strand and guanine on one strand
always pairs with a cytosine on the opposite strand.
18. Complementary
Characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on
one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other.
19. DNA replication The process of making a copy of DNA.
20. genetic
engineering
The process of manipulating genes for practical purposes
accomplished by isolating a gene from the DNA of one organism
and transferring it to the DNA of another organism.
21. Recombinant DNA
DNA made from two or more different organisms.
22. Restriction enzyme
A bacterial enzyme that recognize and bind to specific short
segments of DNA, and then cuts the DNA between specific
nucleotides within the segment.
23. Vector
An agent that is used to carry the gene of interest into another cell
such as a virus, yeast or plasmids.
24. Plasmids
Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the
main chromosomes of bacteria.
25. Cloning
A process that results in the production of genetically identical cell
and or organism.
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Last revised 6/29/2017
Match each event with one of the following dates: 1866, 1928, 1944, 1949, 1952, and
1953 ( 2 pt each)
28. 1866
Mendel published the Law of Segregation and the Law of
Independent Assortment.
29. 1953
Watson and Crick proposed the double helix model to describe
DNA structure.
30. 1949
Erwin Chargaff observed the ratio of bases to determine the
relationship between amounts of A, T, G and C.
31. 1952
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase confirmed that genetic material
was composed of DNA not protein.
32. 1944
Oswald Avery demonstrated that genetic material is composed of
DNA.
33. 1928
Frederick Griffith discovered transformation in bacteria.
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Last revised 6/29/2017
DNA Fingerprinting Questions (4 pts each)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Key
1 Control
2 Blood at the crime scene
3 Victim
4 Suspect 1
5 Suspect 2
6 Suspect 3
7 Suspect 4
34. C
Which suspect’s DNA fingerprint most closely matches the DNA
in the blood found at the crime scene?
A.
B.
C.
D.
35. C
Suspect 1
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
Suspect 4
What is the best reason why DNA from the victim in the crime was
included in the DNA fingerprint?
A. They might have killed themselves
B. Their identical twin might have killed them.
C. To determine if the DNA gathered at the crime scene belonged
to the victim.
D. OJ Simpson might have killed the victim.
Multiple Choice. Please fill in the blank with the letter of the best answer. (4 pts
each)
36. C
Version B
All of the following elements are present in DNA EXCEPT:
A. carbon/sugar
B. nitrogen
C. sulfur
D. phosphorous
Last revised 6/29/2017
37. C
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein was the genetic
material, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used which of the
following facts?
A. DNA does not contain sulfur, whereas protein does.
B. DNA contains phosphorous, but protein does not.
C. A and B are correct
D. None of the above are correct
38. A
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their
model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of
hereditary information in its
A. sequence of bases
B. phosphate-sugar backbones
C. hydrogen bonds
D. different five-carbon sugars
39. Draw a nucleotide and label its three parts in the space below. (6 pts)
Short Answer Questions (6 pts each)
40. What danger is avoided when using genetic engineering techniques to make vaccines
as compared to the conventional method used to make the original polo vaccine?
When making traditional vaccines scientist weaken or kill a harmful virus or bacteria and inject it into the
body so that the person’s white blood cells will react to the surface proteins of the harmful bacteria or virus
and build antibodies against it. The problem is that if the pathogen is not weakened enough or killed the
person will get the pathogen they are trying to build immunity against. GE vaccines take the gene for the
surface protein of a harmful virus or bacteria and inserted into harmless bacteria. Then they insert of GM
harmless bacteria in a person. The white blood cells of the person still react to the surface proteins and
build up antibodies but the danger of infecting the person with the harmful pathogen has been side stepped.
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Last revised 6/29/2017
41. What is the goal of the Human Genome Project? Will the Human Genome Project
tell us what the function of each gene is?
Determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome
Map the location of every gene on each chromosome in humans by the year 2003.
HDP will only tell us the location of every gene not the function.
42. In what three ways are RNA and DNA different?
1-
RNA is a single strand of nucleotides
DNA is a double strand of nucleotides
2-
RNA contains a sugar called ribose
DNA contains a sugar called deoxyribose
3-
RNA has nitrogen bases A, G, C and U
DNA has nitrogen bases A, G, C, and T
Bonus Question 1 (0.5 per codon correctly decoded)
Using the genetic code chart, which amino acids does the following mRNA sequence
stand for?
AUGGCAGCGUCCUACUGA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Methionine
Alanine
Alanine
Serine
Tyrosine
Stop
Bonus Question 2 (3 pts)
Using 6 of your vocabulary words complete the comic on the next page.
Each vocabulary word used generally correctly gets 0.5 pts.
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