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Ancient Greece
8.2 – Government in Athens Essential Question: What factors shaped government in Greece? Big Idea: The people of Athens tried many different forms of government before creating a democracy. Key Word
democracy aristocrats oligarchy citizens tyrant Pericles Definition
A type of government in which people rule themselves Rich landowners, who at one point governed Athens A government in which only a few people have power People who have the right to participate in government A leader who held power through the use of force Athenian tyrants were usually good leaders A brilliant, elected, Athenian leader who encouraged citizens to take pride in their city, participate in government, and introduce/spread democracy into other parts of Greece Memory Clue
A. Aristocrats and Tyrants Rule In early Athens, ___________ ruled the city-­‐state. Later, a group of rich landowners, or aristocrats, took power. A government in which only a few people have power is called an _____________________. The aristocrats dominated Athenian society, ran the city’s economy, and served as ___________________ and __________________. After a group of rebels failed to overthrow the aristocrats, a man named ______________ created a set of harsh laws for Athens. Since Draco’s laws were too strict, a man named Solon created a more reasonable set of laws where all free men living in Athens became _____________________, or people who had the right to participate in government. Because Athenians were not pleased with the rule of the aristocrats, they wanted a new government, and so a noble named Peisistratus overthrew the oligarchy and became __________________. Even though the modern meaning of the word tyrant means a ruler who is harsh, back in ancient Athens, it meant a leader who held _________________ through the use of _______________. Often, tyrants were _______________ leaders and were able to stay in power because they had strong armies and the support of the people. Although Peisistratus brought _______________ and prosperity to Athens, the aristocrats were unhappy they lost power and so convinced a rival city-­‐state to attack Athens. This worked for a short time to overthrow the tyrants and restore power to the ______________________. Main Idea #1: aristocrats and tyrants ruled early athens.
Q: What were Greek tyrants like? A: Q: Why was Athens considered at one point an oligarchy? A: Q: Why did many Athenians support the rule of tyrants? A: B. Athens Creates Democracy Greece is the birthplace of ___________________, a type of government in which people rule themselves. The word democracy comes from Greek words meaning “rule of the _______________.” Around 500 BC, a new leader named Cleisthenes developed the world’s __________ democracy. Under Cleisthenes, all citizens in Athens had the right to participate in the assembly, or gathering of citizens, that created the city’s __________. Citizens met outside on a hillside, voiced their opinions during debates, and voted by a show of ____________ or secret ballots. The assembly needed about 6,000 people to vote, which made it difficult to come to a decision. The Athenians therefore selected city officials who decided which laws should be discussed. As time passed, citizens gained more ______________, including serving on juries. Athens reached its height during the rule of __________________. He encouraged Athenians to participate in government to the point that he started paying _________________ officials. He also encouraged people to introduce __________________ to other parts of Greece. Eventually, Athenian democracy came to an end in the 320s BC after Athens was conquered by the Macedonians. Main Idea #2: Athens created the world’s first democracy.
Q: Who was the father of democracy in Athens? A: Q: Why were slaves sent to round up citizens? A: Q: Why was a smaller council of officials necessary? A: C. Ancient Democracy Differs from Modern Democracy In Ancient Athens, ________ citizens could participate ________________ in the government, affecting the outcome of a vote. This form of government is called ______________ democracy. Modern American democracy, on the other hand, is a _______________________ democracy, or republic. In this system, the citizens elect officials to __________________ them in the government. These elected officials then meet to make the country’s laws and to ________________ them. Main Idea #3: ancient democracy was different than modern
democracy.
Q: What is a direct democracy? A: Q: How does a representative democracy work? A: Q: Why didn’t the United States establish a direct democracy? A: Reading checks
Q: What was a tyrant in ancient Greece? A: Q: How were citizens involved in the government of Athens? A: Q: How are direct democracy and representative democracy different? A: