Download Respiratory System Notesheet Respiration

Respiratory System Notesheet
Respiration - Unconscious exchange of air between ____________ and the _________________
environment
Breathing - Two types:
1. External - Exchange of carbon dioxide (_____) and oxygen (_____) between the environment
and the organism
2. Internal - Exchange of O2 and CO2 between ___________ body _____________ (Ex: blood and
individual cells)
_________________ - breathed into the lungs (______), body has a 4-6 minute supply of oxygen
_____________________________ - CO2 is exhaled out of the lungs
Gas exchange - Transfer of ______________ from inhaled air __________ the blood and the transfer of
____________ _________________the blood into the exhaled air
Anatomy (Structures to Know)
Nose/mouth - Route to take in O2 and expel CO2; mucous membranes __________and ____________
air
Cilia - Tiny _____________ that protect the nasal passages, trachea, and bronchi; Move back and forth
as air is ________________, pushing foreign particles (dust) toward the nostrils or pharynx
Pharynx - also known as the __________________
Larynx – also known as the __________________
Trachea - Also called the “windpipe”, connects the pharynx to the _____________, wrapped in cartilage
for protection
Bronchus – (plural = bronchi) The trachea divides into two main bronchi (_________ mainstem and
__________ mainstem); Main _________________ within the lungs
_____________________ - Branch off of the bronchi, Do NOT contain cartilage, ____________ airways
within the lungs
________________ sacs - Located at the end of the ______________________, look like a bunch of
grapes, Surrounded by __________________, Site of ___________ _____________________
Lungs - Right lung: _______ lobes, Left lung: _________ lobes
Diagnostic Terms
Auscultation - Listening to sounds within the body using a _______________________
Percussion - ______________ on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying
tissue, Lungs should sound ____________ when tapping over them; should NOT sound _____________
Sputum - _____________ expelled from the respiratory tract mixed with _______________, Able to
make a diagnoses based on _________________ and composition of sputum
Rales - Clicking, rattling and ________________ noises. Caused by the opening of small airways
(alveoli collapsed by ______________ or lack of air). Heard during ________________ where there is
fluid or pus in the alveoli. Caused by:_____________________, bronchitis
Wheezing - Whistling sound caused by bronchial airways being ________________ or obstructed.
Caused by: asthma, bronchitis
Rhonchi - Coarse rattling sound (like snoring) caused by _____________ in the bronchial airways,
heard during inhalation and exhalation, Caused by: bronchitis
Diagnostic Tests
Chest Xray (______) - X ray of the __________ region of the body to look for lung problems (pathology).
Diagnose pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma
Terms to Know
Hypoxemia - low levels of _________________ in the blood
______________ - difficult, painful breathing
____________________________ (_____) - difficulty “catching” your breath
Intubation - placement of an ______________________ (ET) tube into the trachea of a person who is
unable to breathe on their own.
Disorders/Pathology
Upper respiratory infection (URI) - _____________________________, _________________, highly
contagious, Usually lasts for a week, Symptoms: runny nose, cough, fever, sore throat, congestion
Influenza - The flu, Viral, highly ________________________, Symptoms: chills, fever, cough, sore
throat, runny nose, muscle pain, fatigue; Annual _________________ is recommended for the elderly,
_____________________________, people with chronic diseases and ____________________ women
Emphysema - Chronic, no cure; ______________ lose elasticity and deteriorate, __________ becomes
trapped in alveoli and become over expanded, gas exchange is poor; Usually caused by heavy
_________________; Symptoms: dyspnea, feeling of ______________________, barrel chest, chronic
cough, cyanosis; Treatment: bronchodilators, oxygen, avoiding smoking, prompt treatment of infections
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - Any chronic lung disease that results in
____________________ of the airways; Chronic bronchitis, __________________, _______________
and tuberculosis can lead to COPD; ____________________________ is the primary cause
Asthma - Airflow obstruction due to ____________________, swelling of the bronchioles and/or bronchi,
and increased _________ in the airways; Bronchospasm: severe contraction of __________ ________
covering bronchioles/bronchi; Symptoms: ___________, cough, dyspnea, _______ _______________,
shortness of breath; Reversible with _______________ medications that relieve the bronchospasm
Respiratory Procedures
Bronchoscopy - A __________________ (__________) is inserted into the airways through the nose or
mouth so the doctor may look for _________________________ within the bronchi.
Tracheostomy - An airway is created by making an incision into the __________ through the ________,
Used in an ________________________ or as a permanent fix.