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Chapter 15 Genes and How They Work Read 15.1 The central dogma of molecular biology states that _________ is transcribed into _______ which is translated into _____________________. Type of RNA mRNA rRNA tRNA snRNA SRP RNA MicroRNA Function Read 15.2 A codon is ______ nucleotides that encode for one _______________________. Skim 15.3 and 15.4 Initiation of transcription occurs at a ______________________. In elongation of transcription the enzyme that adds ribonucleotides is ____________________. ___________________ occurs at specific sites (like hairpins) and releases the RNA transcript from the DNA template. Eukaryotic transcripts are modified in 3 ways: 1. 2. 3. Read 15.6 The acceptor end of a tRNA binds to an __________________________. The anticodon loop at the other end of the tRNA binds to ______________________________. The 3 sites on the ribosome are: 1. 2. 3. Read 15.7 _______________________ of translation begins at a start codon when an initiator tRNA enters the ribosome and the large and small ribosomal subunits associate. _______________________ of translation builds a protein by bringing amino acids into the ribosome one a time using the codon sequence of the mRNA. _______________________of translation occurs at a stop codon and causes the entire assembly to fall apart. Read 15.9 Which type of point mutation would have a greater impact on the final protein product, substitutions or insertions? _______________________are the starting point for evolution.