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Chapters 51-56: Ecosystems and Animal Behavior
Name
AP Biology
Date
Mr. Mennecke
1. If you were interested in exploring why the graylag goose “rolls” a nonexistent egg toward her nest,
you might explore
a. FAP
c. kinesis
b. taxis
d. evolution
2. The responses of an organism to signals from its environment are its
a. behavior
c. ultimate behavior
b. learned behavior
d. motor programs
3. A fixed action pattern (FAP) is elicited by a(an)
a. specific motor program
c. releaser signals to others
b. environmental sign stimulus
d. a, b and c are correct
4. Learning in which a young animal forms a strong attachment to its parent within a few hours of birth is
a. classical conditioning
c. imprinting
b. operant conditioning
d. parental investment
5. An organism learns to ignore a repeated, irrelevant stimulus. This is
a. classical conditioning
c. imprinting
b. operant conditioning
d. habituation
6. Salivation by a student when the noon bell rings is an example of
a. classical conditioning
c. imprinting
b. operant conditioning
d. habituation
7. Animals that are most active at dawn or twilight are described as
a. crepuscular
c. nocturnal
b. lunar
d. diurnal
8. Chemical signals that convey information between members of a species are
a. pheromones
c. neurotransmitters
b. hormones
d. leks
9. Behavior where an individual appears to act to benefit others rather than itself is known as
a. mutualism
c. inclusive fitness
b. altruistic behavior
d. reciprocal altruism
10. In optimal foraging
a. animals always hunt in social groups.
b. an animal obtains food in the most efficient way.
c. animals can be selective in areas where food is scarce.
d. animals only hunt for plant matter.
11. Which of the following is NOT true of extinctions
a. extinction is the permanent loss of a species
b. extinction is a natural biological process
c. once a species is extinct, it can never reappear
d. human activities have little impact on extinction
12. When forests are destroyed
a. Soil fertility increases
b. Soil erosion decreases
c. Some forest organisms decline in number
d. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and stored in forest plants
Chapters 51-56: Ecosystems and Animal Behavior
13. Which of the following gases contributes to both global warming and thinning of the ozone layer?
a. CO2
c. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
b. CH4
d. O3
14. Pollutants disrupt ecosystems because
a. their components drastically differ from those of natural substances
b. there are few evolved mechanisms to deal with them
c. their only effect is on ecosystems, not humans
d. pollutants cannot enter biological systems
15. Ecosystems have
a. energy inputs and outputs
b. nutrient cycling
c. three to five trophic levels
d. all of the above are correct
16. Trophic levels can be described as
a. structured feeding relationships of who eats whom in an ecosystem
b. a hierarchy of energy transfers
c. producers  primary consumers  secondary consumers  tertiary consumers
d. all of the above
17. Primary productivity is affected by
a. photosynthesis and respiration in plants
b. how many plants are neither eaten nor decomposed
c. rainfall and temperature
d. duration of sunlight
e. all of the above
Matching:
18. producers
19. consumers
20. decomposers
21. detritivores
a.
b.
c.
d.
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
feed on partly decomposed matter
degrade organic remains, wastes
photoautotrophs
22. Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level?
a. algae- primary producer
b. grasshopper- primary consumer
c. zooplankton- secondary consumer
d. eagle- tertiary consumer
e. fungi- detritivore
23. One of the lessons from a pyramid of productivity is that
a. only ½ of the energy in one trophic level is passed on to the next level
b. most of the energy from one trophic level is incorporated into the biomass of the next level
c. 10% of the available energy of each trophic level is passed on to the next
d. ecological efficiency is highest for primary consumers
24. The role of decomposers in the nitrogen cycle is to
a. fix nitrogen gas into ammonia
b. release ammonia from organic compounds, thus returning it to the soil
c. denitrify ammonia, thus returning N2 to the atmosphere
d. convert ammonia to nitrate, which can then be absorbed by plants
25. The recent increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is mainly a result of an increase in
a. primary productivity
b. the biosphere’s biomass
c. the burning of fossil fuels and wood
d. cellular respiration by the exploding human population
Chapters 51-56: Ecosystems and Animal Behavior
26. Which of the following is a direct result of biological magnification?
a. Top level predators may be most harmed by toxic environmental chemicals
b. DDT has spread throughout every ecosystem and is found in almost every organism
c. The greenhouse effect will be most significant at the poles
d. Energy is lost at each trophic level of a food chain
27. Which of the following statements concerning the water cycle is incorrect?
a. Precipitation exceeds evaporation on land.
b. Most of the water that evaporates from oceans is returned by runoff from land
c. Transpiration makes a significant contribution to water loss from all terrestrial ecosystems
d. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the seas
Matching:
28. nitrogen fixing bacteria
29. nitrifying bacteria
30. denitrifying bacteria
31. decomposers
a.
b.
c.
d.
turn organic nitrogen into ammonia
found in legumes, turn N2 into ammonia
convert ammonia eventually into nitrates
return excess nitrates to the atmosphere as N2
32. To determine the density of a rabbit population, you need to know the number of rabbits &
a. the factors that limit population growth.
b. their birth rate.
c. the area in which they live.
d. their population growth rate.
33. To figure out the human population density of your community, you would need to know the number
of people living there and
a. the land area in which they live.
b. the birth rate of the population.
c. whether population growth is logistic or exponential.
d. the dispersion pattern of the population.
34. In wild populations, individuals most often show a (n). . . pattern of dispersion.
a. random
d. uniform
b. density-dependent
e. clumped
c. equilibrial
35. When needed resources are unevenly distributed, organisms often show a(n). . . dispersion pattern.
a. density-dependent
c. random
b. clumped
d. uniform
36. Herring gulls fiercely defend the areas around their nests in their cliff-top breeding colonies. Within
the colony they would show a . . . dispersion pattern.
a. uniform
c. density-independent
b. random
d. clumped
37. Pine trees in a forest tend to shade & kill pine seedlings that sprout nearby. This causes the pine
trees to
a. grow in a clumped pattern.
c. exceed their carrying capacity.
b. grow in a uniform pattern.
d. grow in a random pattern.
38. All of the organisms in a particular area make up
a. a food chain.
c. a community
b. a population.
d. an ecosystem.
39. A broad-based, pyramid shaped age structure is characteristic of a population that is
a. growing rapidly.
c. stable.
b. at carrying capacity.
d. shrinking.
Chapters 51-56: Ecosystems and Animal Behavior
40. An ecologist would suspect a population is growing rapidly if it
a. contains many more pre-reproductive than reproductive individuals.
b. is near its carrying capacity.
c. is limited only by density-dependent factors.
d. is far below its carrying capacity.
41. Chimpanzees have a relatively low birth rate. They take good care of their young, and most chimps
live a long life. The chimp survivorship curve would look like
a. a line that slopes gradually upward.
b. a relatively flat line that drops steeply at the end.
c. a line that drops steeply at first, then flattens out.
d. a line that slopes gradually downward.
42. When the per capita birth rate equals the per capita death rate
a. a population grows rapidly.
b. the size of a population remains constant.
c. density-dependent limiting factors do not affect the population.
d. a population is in danger of extinction.
43. A population would always grow exponentially
a. if it were limited only by density-dependent factors.
b. until it reaches carrying capacity.
c. if there were no limiting factors.
d. if it showed logistic growth.
44. Human population growth was slow and gradual for a long period, but it turned sharply upward
a. after the development of agriculture, which decreased the death rate.
b. as a result of the Black Death, which left more food for the survivors.
c. during the Industrial Revolution, when the death rate dropped.
d. as a result of the post World War II baby boom.
45. _______ views a symbiotic relationship as part beneficial, part neutral.
a. Mutualism
c. Commensalism
b. Parasitism
d. Ammensalism
46. Milkweed plants produce bad-tasting & poisonous compounds that deter most plant-eaters. But the
caterpillars of Monarch butterflies are adapted to eat milkweed leaves without being harmed. In fact,
the chemicals obtained from milkweed protect the Monarch from insect-eating birds. This illustrates
a. coevolution.
c. mutualism.
b. competitive exclusion.
d. succession.
47. In terms of +, -, and 0, predation can be described as a _______ relationship.
a. -/0
d. +/b. +/0
e. -/c. +/+
48. A bat locates insect prey in the dark by bouncing high-pitched sounds off them. One species of moth
escapes predation by diving to the ground when it hears sonar of a particular bat species. Some
species of bats have adapted by diving after them. This illustrates ____ between the bat and moth.
a. mutualism
c. commensalism
b. competitive exclusion
d. coevolution
49. Flounder look like the sea floor. This is an example of
a. Müllerian mimicry.
c. cryptic coloration.
b. aposematic coloration.
d. Batesian mimicry.
Chapters 51-56: Ecosystems and Animal Behavior
50. A tick has what type of relationship with a dog?
a. commensal
c. parasitic
b. competitive
d. mutualistic
51. Which of the following describes Batesian mimicry?
a. An insect's bright colors warn a predator that it tastes bad.
b. The mottled pattern on a fish looks like dead leaves on the bottom of a pond.
c. A harmless frog resembles a poisonous frog.
d. Both kangaroo rats and jackrabbits hop erratically when escaping from predators.
52. When goats were introduced to an island off the California coast, the goats lived in the same areas
and ate the same plants as the native deer. The deer population dwindled, and the deer finally
disappeared. This is an example of
a. commensalism.
b. succession.
c. a food chain.
d. competitive exclusion.
53. The niche of an animal is
a. the number of individuals of the species the environment will support.
b. the same as its habitat.
c. its den or nest.
d. its position or role in the food chain.
54. Two species of cuckoo doves live in a group of islands off the coast of New Guinea. Of 33 islands, 14
have one species, 6 have the other, 13 have neither, and none has both. What might best explain
this? The two species of birds could
a. be on different trophic levels.
c. have different niches.
b. have similar niches.
d. be keystone predators.
55. The relationship between species A & B is described as commensalism. This means that
a. both species suffer.
b. one species benefits and the other species suffers.
c. both species benefit.
d. one species benefits and the other species is unaffected.
56. A lichen is actually composed of two organisms-a fungus and an alga. They depend on each other for
survival. The most specific term that describes their relationship is
a. parasitism.
d. symbiosis.
b. predation.
e. mutualism.
c. commensalism.
57. Under which of the following circumstances would interspecific competition be most obvious?
a. in the presence of a keystone predator
b. when organisms have quite different ecological niches
c. among species whose trophic levels are different
d. when a foreign organism is introduced to a community
58. Which of the following best illustrates ecological succession?
a. Decomposition in soil releases nitrogen that plants can use.
b. Grass grows on a sand dune, then shrubs, and then trees.
c. Imported pheasants increase, while local quail disappear.
d. Overgrazing causes a loss of nutrients from soil.
59. After clear-cutting, timber companies cannot afford to wait for the long process of _____ to occur
naturally; they plant trees right away.
a. mutualism
c. decomposition
b. succession
d. coevolution
Chapters 51-56: Ecosystems and Animal Behavior
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