Download Chapter 12 DNA and RNA

Chapter 12 DNA and RNA
What is DNA?
Every new cell that develops in your body needs an exact copy of the _____ from the ________. All organisms
must be able to pass copies of their DNA on to their offspring in order to _________________. The structure
of DNA is related to ______ primary functions:
1) ____________________________________________
2) _________________________________________
DNA Structure
DNA and RNA are __________ (repeating subunits) of _________. DNA is
made of two long strands, in the shape of a _______________________
or twisted ladder, of a chain of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide is made of _______ parts:
1) ___________ (________________) (s)
2) ______________________ (p)
3) ____________________ (G, C, A, T)
The nitrogen base can be any one of the following four bases:
1) Adenine
2) Guanine
3) Thymine
4) Cytosine
“A” Always goes with “___” (held together by ____________ bonds)
“G” always goes with “____” (held together by ____________ bonds)
Adenine and Guanine are Purines (_______________ rings of carbon)
Thymine and Cytosine are Pyrimidines (____________ ring of carbon)
In 1953 two scientists figured the shape of the DNA molecule was a double helix: ____________ (currently
participating in the ___________________ in CA) and __________. ______________________ also helped.
Replication = _____________________________, this happens in interphase
This is the process of DNA duplication. The strand ___________ along the ________________ bonds, then the
________________ nucleotide attaches to the missing part. Adenine can only bond with _____________,
while Cytosine can only bond with _____________________.
What would the complimentary strand look like?
C
G
A
T
T
A
C
G
T
__________________________________________________
What is RNA?
RNA or ______________________ has the primary function of ____________________________ and is
______ _______________________. It is __________________ from DNA in three ways:
1) It has only ___________________________________ instead of two
2) It has ___________________ as its sugar base instead of deoxyribose
3) It has the nitrogen base _______________________ instead of Thymine
There are 3 types of RNA
1) ______________ or mRNA it serves as a template for the assembly of amino acids when proteins are made
2) _____________ or tRNA it is a folded back strand and can exist in 20 or more varieties,
each bonding to only one specific amino acid
3) _____________ or rRNA is the glob-shaped form found on the ribosome. It assembles
the amino acids in the correct order.
TRANSCRIPTION = ___________________________________
RNA is produced from DNA through this process. ____________ means “to write across”
A group of __sequential bases of mRNA is called a _________. A list of all 64 possible
amino acids codons can be found in your textbook.
TRANSLATION= ________________________
Translation takes place in the ______________. It is the process in which ______attaches
to a ___________; tRNA which carries a specific ____________attaches its ___________
to the correct mRNA __________building a chain of amino acids which codes for a _____________. A protein
may consist of hundreds or thousands of amino acids which codes for a specific protein, and all these amino
acids must be arranged in a particular sequence for _________________________________________