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Name: UNIT 7 GREECE STUDY GUIDE What was the primary political expression of Greece? City-state What is a city-state? What did Greeks call their city-states? PAGE 180 A city-state was made up of a town or city and the surrounding area. It was like an independent country. Polis=city-state What is the Delian League? A group of Greek city-states that formed a defensive league to defend its members against the Persians Describe the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks. PAGES 212-214 They were polytheistic. They told myths about their gods and goddesses to express their religious beliefs. Their gods and goddesses look and act like humans. They believed the 12 most important ones lived on Mount Olympus. Each city-state had one god or goddess that was its protector. They performed rituals to please the gods and goddesses. They worshipped in temples and at home. What impact did the geography of Greece have on fostering independence? PAGE 179 Mountains and seas separated Greek communities from each other. As a result, people developed a loyalty to the community in which they lived. Communities became fiercely independent. Who were the first people to settle on Crete? PAGE 176 The Minoans What is an agora? An open area that was used as a marketplace. People could gather here to debate issues, vote and carry out business. What group of people did Athens and Sparta join together to fight against? PAGE 193 Persians Name: UNIT 7 GREECE STUDY GUIDE Who was considered a citizen in Athens? Free, land-owning men born in Athens What was the war between Athens and Sparta called? The Peloponnesian War Whose alphabet inspired the Greek alphabet? The Phoenicians What is a direct democracy? A form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision-making process What is a representative democracy? A form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf List differences and similarities between Athenian democracy and American democracy. PAGE 200 Athenian democracy: Direct democracy, Only adult males born in Athens can vote, Citizens with voting rights can vote for or against any law American democracy: Representative democracy, All citizens(male and female) age 18 or over can vote, Citizens with voting rights can vote for or against the officials who make the laws Who was Socrates? What is he known for? PAGE 221 Socrates was a Greek philosopher that believed in absolute truth and that all real knowledge was within each person. Created the Socratic method-a method of questioning to gain truth Who was Plato? What is he known for? PAGE 222 Plato was a Greek philosopher who was taught by Socrates. He founded a school in Athens called the Academy. He wrote The Republic in which he talked about his ideas for an ideal society and government. Who was Aristotle? What is he known for? PAGE 223 Aristotle was a Greek philosopher that wrote about government, astronomy and political science. He was a student of Plato. He tutored Alexander the Great. Name: UNIT 7 GREECE STUDY GUIDE What is a drama? PAGE 217 Dramas were created and performed first by the Greeks. A drama is a story told mainly through the words and actions of a cast of characters. It is performed by actors on a stage. What is a tragedy? PAGE 217 A tragedy is a type of drama in which the main character struggles to overcome hardships but does not succeed. It has a tragic or unhappy ending. What is a comedy? PAGE 217 A comedy is a type of drama that is filled with humor. It has a happy ending. Be able to recognize the three Greek columns. PAGE 218 Doric, Ionic, Corinthian KNOW: Major Greek writings centered on history, philosophy, or mythology. History, philosophy or mythology What contributions did Archimedes make in the areas of math and science? PAGE 240 Designed catapults, figured out the value of pi, physics, Archimedes screw(pumped water) What contributions did Pythagoras make in mathematics? A Greek scientist who established the principles of geometry. He developed the Pythagorean Theorem which helps to determine the length of the sides of a triangle. How did Greek culture spread during the Hellenistic Era? PAGE 236 Alexander’s armies helped to spread Greek language, ideas, art and architecture throughout Southwest Asia and Egypt. Hellenistic rulers encouraged Greeks and Macedonians to settle in the conquered lands. These colonies spread Greek culture widely into Egypt and India. Where was King Phillip II from? Macedonia Name: UNIT 7 GREECE STUDY GUIDE Why were the Macedonians able to take control of the Greek city-states? PAGES 230-231 The Greek city-states had been weakened and divided by the Peloponnesian War What is the term given for “like the Greeks?” Hellenistic What is the Hellenistic Era? PAGE 235 The era under Alexander in which Greek culture blended with the cultures of the regions that Alexander conquered What lands did Alexander the Great conquer? PAGES 232-233 Alexander’s empire expanded into Africa and Central and Southern Asia, through military conquests Who unified the Greek city-states after the Peloponnesian War? King Phillip II Who was Homer and what is he known for? Greek poet who wrote two epics: the Iliad (Trojan War) and Odyssey Describe the Trojan War. A war between Greece and Troy-the Greeks tricked the Trojans with the horse full of Greek soldiers Who is King of the Greek gods? Zeus STUDY YOUR VOCABULARY!