Download STRUCTURE:

DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis
STRUCTURE:
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The shape of DNA is a double helix or _____________________
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DNA is made of nucleotide subunits that each consist of:
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____________________________________________________
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The “HANDRAILS” of the ladder are _____________ & ______________
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The “STEPS” are the ______________ paired up.
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The order of nucleotides creates a ____________
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The code is _____________ for every living thing
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Even _______________ have some differences in their codes
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DNA is like the ___________________ in the cell “factory”.
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It is located in the nucleus or ____________ of the cell.
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It has specific ___________________ for every cell in your body
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Only the “PAGES” or ___________ of the instructions needed by a particular cell
are actually used.
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EX: THE DNA IN YOUR SKIN CELL HAS ALL OF THE
INSTRUCTIONS BUT THE ONLY PART THAT IS USED IS THE
INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING ________________.
DNA REPLICATION
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WHEN NEW CELLS OR “FACTORIES” ARE NEEDED, THE DNA IS THE
____________ THING TO BE COPIED. IT OCCURS IN THE FOLLOWING
STEPS:
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THE DNA LADDER _______________
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_____________________________ FLOATING IN THE NUCLEUS PAIR UP
WITH THEIR COMPLIMENTS (A-T, C-G)
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THIS CONTINUES IN SEVERAL POINTS ALONG THE LADDER UNTIL
__________________________
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THE 2 NEW LADDERS EACH CONTAIN ONE _______________ AND ONE
____________________.
RNA Transcription and Translation
RNA STRUCTURE:
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RNA HAS NUCLEOTIDE SUBUNITS
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_________________
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_________________
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IT CONSISTS OF A ___________ STRAND (ONE SIDE OF A LADDER)
THERE ARE _______ TYPES OF RNA
FUNCTIONS:
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TO CARRY A ____________ DIRECTION (RECIPE) TO THE RIBOSOMES
(______)
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TO BRING THE AMINO ACIDS (INGREDIENTS) TO THE _______________
ACCORDING TO THE RECIPE (_____)
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TO BIND THE ______________________ (INGREDIENTS) TOGETHER TO
MAKE PROTEIN-OR THE CANDY IN OUR FACTORY. (_____)
RNA TRANSCRIPTION – COPYING _____________ TO _______________
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DNA “UNZIPS”- ONLY _____________________________
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FREE NUCLEOTIDES PAIR WITH THEIR ___________________
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ONLY A PORTION OF _________ SIDE OF THE DNA LADDER IS COPIED
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THE MESSENGER RNA PEELS OFF THE DNA TEMPLATE AND LEAVES
THE NUCLEUS TO GO TO THE ________________
TRANSLATION: USING ___________ TO MAKE A __________________
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Ribosome “reads” the recipe from the _______________
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tRNA molecules bring the ________________ in the correct order according to
the codon
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Every _____ bases codes for a particular amino acid
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Look up the codon on page 303 of textbook (or table provided) to find
amino acid
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Amino acid sequence determines ________________________
Summary:
DNA is found in ____________________
mRNA is made in the ___________________ from DNA template
mRNA carries the message to the _______________________
Protein is made using mRNA code like a “_________________” and amino acids as
“________________________________________”
Practice, Practice, Practice!!!
Translation:
Using mRNA to Make a Protein
A sequence of DNA contains the
code:
AAT TCC TGC
What would be the amino acid
sequence?
1. Transcribe the DNA:
UUA AGG ACG
2. Look up codons on table
3. Leu (leucine)
Arg (arginine)
Thr (threonine)
Mutations
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Sometimes a mistake happens during replication:
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The wrong __________ pairs up (___________________)
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An extra base is __________ (_______________)
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A base is __________________ ( ____________________)
If the mutation occurs in a portion of DNA that the cell ______________________,
then a _______________________________ is caused.
If the mutation occurs in a portion of DNA ___________
______________ by the
particular cell, then ___________________ __________________.