Download Review - TeacherWeb

1
Biology Unit 2—Ecology-- Study Guide
Chapters 18, 19, 20, 21, & 22
1. Intro to Ecology
2. Ecology of Organisms
3. Energy Transfer
4. Ecosystem Recycling
5. Understanding Populations
6. Species Interactions
7. Patterns in Communities
8. Terrestrial Biomes
9. An Interconnected Planet
10. Environmental Issues
Concepts 18.1
Concepts 18.2
Concepts 18.3
Concepts 18.4
Concepts 19.1-19.2
Concepts 20.1
Concepts 20.2
Concepts 21.1
Concepts 22.1
Concepts 22.2-22.3
Key Terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Ecosystem
Population
Immigration
Emigration
Birth rate
Exponential model
Water cycle
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Abiotic factor
Biotic factor
Niche
Chemosynthesis
Decomposers
Consumer
Producers
Food Web
Energy pyramid
Biodiversity
Habitats
Nonnative species
Carnivore
Omnivore
Herbivore
Detritivore
Symbiosis
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Biome
Ozone layer
Greenhouse effect
1
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
Recommended Work For Chapters 18, 19, 20, 21, & 22:
Chapter 18
 Section 18.1 #1, 2, 6, 7, 8
 Section 18.2 #1, 2, 4
 Section 18.3 #1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
 Section 18.4 #1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8
 Chapter Review #8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19
Chapter 19
 Section 19.1 #4, 5
 Section 19.2 #1, 2
 Chapter Review #13
Chapter 20
 Section 20.1 #1, 2, 7
 Section 20.2 #5
 Chapter Review #4, 5, 9, 11
Chapter 21
 Section Review #3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
 Chapter Review #4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12
Chapter 22
 Section Review #4, 7
 Section Review #2, 3, 4, 5
 Chapter Review #6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 27
2
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
Review
1. Define ecology:
2. Defining key terms. The following terms provide a foundation for the study of ecology.
a. Population:
b. Community:
c. Ecosystem:
d. Biosphere:
e. Habitat:
f. Niche:
Population Ecology
1. Define population ecology:
2. Population abundance and distribution are described by the following terms. Define
each term.
a. Size:
b. Density:
c. Dispersion:
d. Age structure:
e. Survivorship curves--Draw a diagram to illustrate and each graph.
i. Type I:
ii. Type II:
iii. Type III:
3
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
3. The following terms are used to describe population growth. Define each term.
a. Carrying capacity:
b. Limiting factors:
i. Density-dependent:
ii. Density-independent:
4. Population ecologists describe two general patterns of population growth. Define and
draw diagrams for each.
a. Exponential growth (J-shaped curve)
b. Logistic growth (S-shaped curve or sigmoid curve). On your graph show
where the carrying capacity is located.
4
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
Community Ecology

Define predation:

More specifically, predators can be categorized as followed. Define and give an
example of each.
o Carnivore
o Herbivore
o Parasite

Define symbiosis:

Describe the three forms of symbiosis and give an example of each.
o Mutualism
o Commensalisms
o Parasitism
Ecological Succession

Describe ecological succession:

Describe a climax community:
5
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2

There are two kinds of succession. Describe and give examples of each.
o Primary succession
o Secondary succession
Ecosystem
1. A major goal in the study of ecosystems is to examine the production and utilization of
energy. To assist in this goal, plants and animals are organized into groups called trophic
levels that reflect their main energy source, as follows. Describe each of the following.

Primary producers:

Primary consumers:

Secondary consumers:

Tertiary consumers:

Detritivores:
2. Construct an ecological pyramid showing the relationship between trophic levels.
What percent of the available energy in a trophic level is transfer to the next trophic level?
6
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
3. Two kinds of flow charts are often used to show the flow of energy between specific
organisms. Arrows used in a flow chart indicate the direction of energy flow. Draw an
example of a food chain and a food web.
Biogeochemical Cycles
Biogeochemical cycles describe the flow of essential elements from the environment to living
things and back to the environment. The following list the major storage locations (reservoirs)
for essential elements, the processes through which each element incorporates into terrestrial
plants and animals (assimilation), and the processes through which each element returns to the
environment (release).
 Describe each cycle and identify the reservoirs, assimilation, and release.
1. Hydrologic cycle (water cycle)

Reservoirs

Assimilation

Release
2. Carbon cycle

Reservoirs
7
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2

Assimilation

Release
3. Nitrogen cycle

Reservoirs

Assimilation

Release
Biomes
The biosphere is divided into regions called biomes that exhibit common environmental
characteristics. Each biome is occupied by unique communities or ecosystems of plants and
animals that share adaptations which promote survival within the biome. The following is a list
of the major biomes.
 Summarize their characteristics.
1.
Tropical rain forests
2.
Savannahs
3.
Temperate grasslands
4.
Temperate deciduous forests
8
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
5.
Deserts
6.
Taigas
7.
Tundras, include permafrost
Human Impact on the Biosphere
Human activity damages the biosphere. Exponential population growth, destruction of habitats
for agriculture and mining, pollution from industry and transportation, and many other
activities all contribute to the damage of the environment. Some of the destructive
consequences of human activity are below.
 Give a summary of each of the following and describe the effect on the
environment.
1. Greenhouse effect
2. Ozone depletion
9
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
3. Pollution (air, water, land)
a. DDT (Explain the process of biological magnification with DDT)
b. Sewage
c. Runoff fertilizer
4. Reduction in species diversity
10
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
Essay Question #1 - Answer the following essay question.
Describe how limiting factors regulate the growth of populations.
11
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
Essay Question #2 - Answer the following essay question.
Explain how two closely related species can occupy the same habitat seemingly competing
for the same kinds of resources.
12
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
Essay Question #3 - Answer the following essay question.
Describe the cycling of nitrogen in an ecosystem.
13
Biology Honors--Ecology Unit 2
Essay Question #4 - Answer the following essay question.
Animals and plants the tropical rain forests do not have to worry about water
conservation. Describe the adaptive function of animals and plants in drier biomes to
help them conserve water.
14