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Name:
Ancient Rome
1. Setting the Stage
a. With the defeat of the ____________ by ____________ and the
eventual decline of the Greek Civilization, power would eventually
shift ______ towards the __________ peninsula
b. The Romans would build an amazing _________ filled with
many different ___________ and help spawn a brand new religion:
__________
Origins of Rome
a. Legend says that twins __________ and __________ were
abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a ______________
b. Later the two boys decided to __________________
c. Eventually Romulus ____ Remus & city of _____ is named after
Romulus
The First Romans
a. Three groups settled on Italian Peninsula from _____________
B.C.
i. _________
1. Built original settlement of _________ ________
2. Considered to be the first _________
3. Helped spread _______ _________ languages to the area
ii. _________
1. Moved north into Italy during decline of __________ Culture
2. Settled in _________ Italy and Sicily
3. Brought all of Italy, including Rome, into contact with the
___________ _____________
4. Brought ___________, ___________, and ____________
iii. _________
1. Skilled _________ ____________ native to northern Italy
2. Strongly influenced Roman _____________
3. Influenced Roman ________
4. Influenced Roman lust for ______ (ex. Gladiator battles)
Early Rome
a. Early __________ ________ and successors _________ temples
and public centers in Rome
b. _____________ was the heart of the Roman political life
c. After Rome’s last king was driven from power in 509 B.C for
being too harsh, the Romans declared they would never again be
______________
d. Instead they established a __________, which meant
“________________”
e. A republic is a form of government in which
__________________ who have the _______________ for their
leaders
f. In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to
___________ ________ citizens
6. People of Rome
a. Rome was ________ into several different groups who struggled
for power
b. _________: wealthy landowners who held most of the power
c. _________: the common farmers, artisans, and merchants;
majority of pop.
d. Tribunes: ___________ representatives who protected the rights
of the plebeians from ____________ ___________
e. _________: two officials with limited power and one year terms;
one __________________________ the other
___________________________
f. Dictator: in times of crisis, the republic could appoint a leader
with absolute power to ___________ and control the _____; power
lasted for ___ months
g. ___________: military units made up of _______________
Roman Power Expands
a. Steadily the Romans conquered the __________ Peninsula
b. As Rome conquered lands, people were ____________ into
their ever growing territory
c. Some people were accepted as __________, others simply
became _______
d. Rome went to war against __________; a powerful city in North
________
e. The struggle became known as the _________________ (264146 B.C.)
f. Carthage was led by a brilliant general named _____________
g. Hannibal assembled an army of __________ infantry, 9,000
cavalry, and 60 ______________ intent on __________________
h. He led his troops up through Spain and
_____________________ into Italy
i. The Romans ______________ and prevented Hannibal from
sacking Rome
j. _________ _________ _____________ in 202 B.C. near Zama
k. Rome eventually defeated _____________ in the third Punic
War extending its power across the
____________________________
Result: Rome’s territory and power would only get _________
and __________…
1. Setting the Stage
a. With the defeat of Carthage in the ___________, Rome was
proving to be the biggest and most powerful civilization on the
________________
b. The larger Rome’s territory got, the more ____________ the
__________ form of government became
2. The Republic collapses
a. Rome’s increasing _______ and expanding ________ brought
problems
i. Discontent among _________ __________
ii. Breakdown in __________ order
b. Economic Turmoil
i. Gap between ______ and ______ widened
ii. Rich lived on huge _________
iii. Poor worked on estates (possibly as ________)
iv. By 100 B.C. ___________ of Rome’s population were enslaved
c. Military Upheaval
i. ___________ seized power for themselves
ii. Recruited by promising ________
iii. Citizens loyal to ________ rather than to _______ itself
3. Julius Caesar
a. 60 B.C. joins with _____________ (wealthy Roman) and
____________ (popular general) to create a __________________
b. Triumvirate: ______________________
c. They rule together for ____________
d. Caesar takes power
i. Caesar has success in ______(France), becomes quite
___________
ii. Political rival Pompey urges the senate to _______ Caesar’s
_______
iii. Caesar defies senate, ____________________
iv. Pompey __________
v. Caesar ______________________ in Greece, Asia, Spain, and
Egypt
vi. Julius Caesar returns home in 46 B.C.________________________
vii. 44 B.C. Caesar is named ___________________
viii. Result: Though Caesar has _____________, Rome still
embraces some of its ___________ roots, however it is moving
closer to ___________
4. Julius Caesar’s legacy
a. __________ ___________ but he also expanded the
__________
b. ____________ _____________ to people in Roman
____________
c. Helped poor by ___________ ______ and building
___________
d. Increased _____ for ____________
e. Beware the Ides of March
i. Many _________ and ________ expressed concern over
Caesar’s growing power, success, and popularity; feared losing
their _______
ii. Others considered Caesar a ___________
iii. Many felt Rome would _________ due to his ego
iv. Caesar is _________ ___ _______ in the senate by a gang of
senators led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius on March ___,
_________
5. ______________
a. Caesar’s 18 year old ___________ and adopted ______
d. Mark Antony falls in love with _____________________ of
Egypt
e. Octavian accuses Antony of _________ __ _____ Rome from
Egypt and this leads to another civil war
g. Mark Antony and Cleopatra _______ ______; leaving Octavian
sole leader
h. Octavian takes name ___________ meaning “_____________” 27 B.C.
 _______________________________
 ________________________________
 Senate named him Augustus meaning “revered
personage” or “exhalted one” in 27 BC
 Rules from 27 BC to 14 AD
 Ended years of civil war
 Was not interested in dictatorial rule; shared power with
close advisors
 Successfully discharged soliders reducing army (still kept
28 legions for auxillery strength)
 __________________________________
 Ruled from 161-180 AD
 Gifted general
 Philosopher
 Empire began to erode under his son Commodus (end of Pax
Romana)
i. Result: Rome _______________________________________.
A Vast and Powerful Empire
a. Peak of Rome’s power ____ B.C. to ____ A.D.
b. Period known as the ____ ____________ or
“____________________”
c. Population of 60-80 million with _____________ in the city of
Rome
d. Rome held together through efficient means of government
started by Augustus however many __________ _____________
would gradually weaken the empire over the next 400 years
e. _________ ____________ made trade easier
f. “__________________;” the Romans built about ________
miles of roads
g. ___% of population were __________ and ___________ was
common
h. _______________ was used to distract the masses because
much of city of Rome was __________; _________ battles were
popular for entertainment
i. Rich continued to live ________________
j. Coming up next: The works of _______ of Nazareth and
_____________ would change the world forever