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.com Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________ Student Exploration: Element Builder Investigating Atoms and Drawing Bohr Models Vocabulary: atom, atomic number, electron, element, energy level, mass number, neutron, nucleus, Periodic Table, proton, valence electrons Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. What are some of the different substances that make up a pizza? _____________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. What substances make up water? _____________________________________________ 3. What substances make up an iron pot? _________________________________________ The Periodic Table is an organized list of all of the different types of atoms called elements. Elements are pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atom. Iron is an element because it is composed of only one kind of atom. Water is also a pure substance, but it contains two different kinds of atoms: oxygen and hydrogen, so it is not an element. Pizza is a mixture made of up many different types of substances, so it would not be classified as a pure substance. Gizmo Warm-up Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The Element Builder Gizmo™ shows an atom with a single proton. The proton is located in the center of the atom, called the nucleus. 1. Use the arrow buttons ( ) to add protons, neutrons, and electrons to the atom. Press Play ( ). A. Which particles are located in the nucleus? _________________________________ B. Which particles orbit around the nucleus? __________________________________ C. Click the boxes that say Show element symbol and Element notation. Change the amount of one particle at a time and watch how the number on the top right of the symbol changes. Predict which particle has a: Positive charge?_________ Negative charge? __________ No charge at all? _______ Get the Gizmo ready: Activity A: Particle Inventory Use the arrows to create an atom with two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons. Turn on Show element name. Question: How can you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in any atom on the Periodic Table? (This is called a particle inventory.) 1. Observe: Turn on Show element symbol and Element notation by checking the boxes. Two numbers are on the left of the letters which are called the atomic symbol: the mass number (4) and the atomic number (2). How do these numbers compare to the numbers you see in the box for He on the Periodic Table? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Investigate: Add or remove particles to see how the numbers on the left of the atomic symbol change . A. Based on changing the number of particles, which number on the Periodic Table have you determined is equal to the number of protons in the atom? __________________ B. Based on changing the number of particles, what TWO particles make up the mass of the atom? ______________________ C. Now that you know what particles make up the mass of the atom and you know how to find the number of protons in an atom. How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ D. Turn on Show element name. What particle causes the element name to change? _________________ Reset the Gizmo: Activity B: Charge of Atoms Use the arrows to create an atom with two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons. Turn on Show element name. 3. Analyze: You can see in the example for Helium (He) above that the overall charge of the atom is neutral (0) since there is no number to the right of the element notation. Let’s investigate how the overall charge can be zero when there are charged particles like electrons (-) and protons (+) making up the atom. A. Add 2 electrons to the atom. What happens to the charge on the right of the element symbol? ___________________________________________________________________ B. Add neutrons to the atom. Does this change the charge of the atom? ____________ C. Add protons to the atom until the charge becomes zero again. How many protons did you have to add to make the atom become neutral (have no charge)? _____________ D. Based on A-C, what causes an atom have an overall charge of 0 (neutral)? _______ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4. Practice: Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions. A. How many electrons are in a neutral atom of lithium? ______ B. How many electrons are in a neutral atom of boron? ______ Activity C: Drawing Bohr Models Get the Gizmo ready: Create a neutral hydrogen atom (1 proton, 0 neutrons, 1 electron). Question: How are electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom? 1. Observe: Add every single electron available to the atom until you have used all of the electrons. What do you notice? ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Analyze: Electrons are arranged in orbits/rings called energy levels. The Gizmo shows all of the first three energy levels. (Make sure to pause your Gizmo under controls on the bottom left.) A. How many electrons can fit in the first energy level? ___________ B. How many electrons can fit in the second energy level? ___________ C. How many electrons fit in the part of the third energy level shown? ___________ 3. Compare: Look at your Periodic Table. The table is arranged in two ways. There are columns that go up and down called “Groups” (or Families”) and there are rows that go across called “Periods”. (Be sure to follow the row all the way across any gaps.) A. How many different elements are there in the first row? ___________ B. How many different elements are there in the second row? __________ C. How many different elements are there in the third row? ____________ D. Based on the information in #2 above and here in #3, predict: How many electrons will it take to fill the 4th ring of an atom? ___________ How many electrons will it take to fill the 5th ring of an atom? ___________ 4. Observe: Click Reset ( ). The electrons in the outermost ring are called valence electrons. Create a lithium atom (3 protons, 4 neutrons, 3 electrons). How many valence electrons are in a neutral lithium atom? ___________