Download CCA Review - Net Start Class

Semester Review Physics - Page 1 of 5
Graphing Motion and Acceleration:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What does slope represent on a displacement vs time graph?
What does slope represent on a velocity vs time graph?
Draw displacement and velocity graphs showing constant motion, no motion, and acceleration.
Identify the following as scalar or vector quantities:
36° C____
15 cm____
5mph south_____
+15m/s2_____
61 km/hr
5. What 3 controls in an automobile can change acceleration?
6. What does positive and negative mean in relationship to velocity (ex. +5 m/s vs -5m/s?)
7. What is the difference between average velocity, constant velocity, and instantaneous velocity?
8. A golf ball and a ping pong ball are dropped from the same height while standing on the moon. Which
one lands first? (The moon has no atmosphere, it is a vacuum)
9. A student has two darts at the same height. She simultaneously drops one as she shoots the other one
horizontal to the ground. Describe the airtime for each dart. (Ignore air resistance)
10. What factor(s) will increase distance of a projectile thrown horizontally?
11. What factor(s) will increase airtime of a projectile thrown horizontally?
12. Describe the relative velocity and acceleration of a ball as it is thrown into the air and drops to the
ground.
13. When do you use 9.8 m/s2 for a?
Displacement-Time Graph
500
B
displacement (meters)
400
C
300
200
100
0
-100
Series1
D
A
-200
-300
-400
-500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
time (seconds)
Refer to graph above describing a car in motion and answer the following:
a. What is the velocity of a car during the first 20seconds? (include units)
b. What is the slope of segment CD? (include units)
c. What is the motion of the car during time 20s to time 60s?
d. Which segment represents the greatest velocity?
Velocity (m/s)
Velocity vs. Tim e
14. Refer to graph above describing a car in motion and
answer the following:
6
a. What does a line with a positive slope indicate
4
on this graph?
b. What would a line with a negative slope
2
indicate on this graph?
0
c. What is the slope of the line shown (include
-2
units)
15. You start from home and walk 7 blocks east. You turn
-4
around and walk 3 blocks back towards your house.
-6
What is your distance? What is your displacement in
0
5
10
respect to your house? Can distance and displacement
Tim e (s)
ever be the same magnitude?
16. A snail crawls 1.47 cm in 95 seconds. What distance did the snail crawl?
17. A truck enters the freeway at a velocity of 5.5 m/s and increases its velocity to 14.6 m/s in a time span
of 35 seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the truck.
18. A runner starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate of .58 m/s2 for a distance of 25 meters. What
was the runner’s final velocity?
19. A truck enters the freeway at a velocity of 5.5 m/s and accelerates at a constant rate of .78 m/s2 for a
period of 18 seconds. What was the trucks final velocity?
20. A motorcycle is traveling at 9.6 m/s and accelerates uniformly to 15.8 m/s during a 10 second interval.
What is the total distance traveled by the motorcycle?
21. A stone is dropped from a bridge. How far does the stone fall after 5 seconds?
22. You stand at the top of a cliff 88.5 meters above the ground. You drop a ball straight downward. How
many seconds does it take for the ball to hit the ground?
Semester Review Physics - Page 2 of 5
23. What are the units for speed?
24. How do you define speed?
25. What is the equation to calculate speed?
26. How can you define acceleration?
27. What are the units for acceleration?
28. What are the equations you can use to calculate speed?
29. When we say, “an object accelerates at 10 m/s2 “, what does that mean?
a. How fast is the object going if it begins falling at zero m/s after 1 second?
b. 2 seconds?
c. 5 seconds?
30. What would the speed of an object thrown straight up at 40m/s be:
a. After 2 seconds?
b. After 8 seconds?
31. What is the speed of the object thrown straight up at the top of its path?
32. What is the acceleration of the object thrown straight up at the top of its path?
33. If an object were thrown straight up at a speed of 20 m/s, how long would it take to:
a. Reach the top?
b. To return to the bottom?
c. How long would the whole trip take?
34. What would the hang time be for an athlete that can jump .6 meters?
35. What distance would an athlete have jumped if he had a hang time of .7 seconds?
36. If Starbucks is 10 miles away and it takes me .1 hours to arrive, what average speed did I go to get
there?
37. If I drive 50 miles per hour and the nearest Starbucks is 5 miles away, how long will it take before I can
get a latte?
38. If it took 10 seconds at a speed of 20 m/s to reach an object, how far away was the object?
39. An object in freefall is moving at a speed of 60 m/s, how long has it been falling?
40. An object has been falling for 7.5 seconds, how fast is it going?
41. If a ball rolls at 2 m/s for 1 second, and then moves 4 m/s after 2 seconds, what is its acceleration?
42. An object accelerates at 4 m/s2 , how much time does it need to get to a speed of 16 m/s?
43. How fast are you moving relative to the earth? To the sun?
44. If you drop a sheet of paper and a book, in the absence of air resistance, which will land first?
45. If you drop a sheet of paper and a book, in the presence of air resistance, which will land first?
46. What part of my car shows instantaneous speed?
47. Given a right triangle below:
What is Y?
16
Y

14
48. A riverboat travels 25 mph in still water. The riverboat is heading west across a river. The current of
the river is 14 mph towards the south. What it the magnitude of the riverboat’s velocity in respect to the
starting point?
Laws of Motion and Forces:
1. Gravity causes objects to accelerate at __________m/s2 toward the ground.
2. Newton’s 2nd Law says that force and acceleration are
A.
directly related.
B.
inversely related.
C.
not related.
3. Newton’s 1st law says that an object in motion will continue to move at a ____________________ velocity
until acted upon by an outside force.
4. A car hits a bug with a force of 50 N. With what force does the bug hit the car? ______________.
5. If all of the forces on an object are balanced, then the net force on the object is __________ N.
6. If all of the forces on an object are balanced, then this is a situation where Newton’s __________ Law
applies.
7. The Normal force is usually the same size as the _________________________ force.
8. True or False: An object experiencing a net force of zero must be stationary. Explain your answer.
9. True or False: The more mass an object has the more inertia it exhibits.
Semester Review Physics - Page 3 of 5
10. Which of the following does not describes friction?
A. friction depends on the texture of the surfaces in contact
B. friction opposes motion
C. force of friction decreases as mass increases
D. friction involves the contact of two surfaces
11. Which of the following best describes the force when an elevator car accelerates upward? Circle the correct
answer.
A. the FT is greater
B. the FW is greater
C. the FT equals the FW
12. Which of the following best describes the force when an elevator car moves downward with a constant
velocity? Circle the correct answer.
A. the FT is greater
B. the FW is greater
C. the FT equals the FW
13. A crate has a weight of 56 N. What is the mass of the crate?
14. To accelerate at 300 m/s2 what size force has to be applied to a 60 kg rock?
15. An object is acted on with 45N of force to the left and 30N of force to the right. Draw a free body diagram
and give the net force on the object.
16. A clothesline holds 50N of laundry. The laundry is suspended in the center of the line with both ropes at
equal angels. What is the tension in each line?
17. How does inertia apply to planetary orbit? What would happen if gravity disappeared?
18. What is less, your weight on the Earth or your weight on the moon?
19. What is less, your mass on the Earth or your mass on the moon?
20. If you are pulling a wagon and you increase your force by a magnitude of four, what happens to your
acceleration? To your mass?
21. A skater with a mass of 65 kg races across the ice with a velocity of 4 m/s. A zamboni is in the way and the
skater tries to stop. It takes the skater 5 seconds to come to a complete stop. What was the magnitude of the net
force? Ignore forces due to friction.
22. A box with a mass of 4kg is being dragged to the right with a force of 25 N. The frictional force opposing
the motion is 10 N. What is the acceleration of the box?
23. A 10kg crate moves across a smooth surface at constant velocity of 3 m/s. What is the applied force if μ is
equal to 0.2? What is the applied force if μ is doubled? What can you infer about the relationship between μ
and the applied force?
Scientific Notation:
Write the following in correct scientific notation:
1. 346,000m
2. 0.0678 kg
3. 523,000,000,000 N
4. 0.000000412 g
Write the following in normal numbers:
1. 7.21 x 105
2. 8.22 x 10-3
3. 2.00 x 1012
4. 1.38 x 102
Do the following practice problems recording your answer using scientific notation:
1. (7.48 x 10-4 )2
2. (4.67 x 10-11 ) / (1.38 x 1012)2
3. (4.67 x 10-11 )2 / (1.38 x 1012)
Universal Gravitation:
1. A lifeguard twirls her whistle at the end of her lanyard. What forces are acting on the whistle? Are the
forces acting on the whistle balanced?
2. Refer to the formula for Universal Gravitation:
a. What happens to gravitational force if the mass of one object is doubled? Tripled?
b. What happens to gravitational force if the distance between the objects is doubled?
tripled?
3. A person has a mass of 60 kg. Using the formula for Universal Gravitation, the F describes the persons’
___________.
4. The mass of the sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg. The mass of the moon is 7.35 x 1022 kg. The average distance
between them is 3.84 x 108 m. What is the gravitational attraction between moon and the sun?
Semester Review Physics - Page 4 of 5
Projectile Motion:
1. An arrow is launched at an angle with an initial horizontal speed of 15 m/s and an initial vertical speed of 12
m/s. It is in the air for a total of 3 seconds. What distance did the arrow travel horizontally?
2. What happens when you increase launch angle of a projectile from 45 degrees to 60 degrees? Vertically?
Horizontally?
3. The horizontal component of a projectile’s velocity is independent of
a. the vertical component of its velocity.
b. the range of the projectile.
c. time.
4. A ball is thrown into the air at some angle between 10 degrees and 90 degrees. At the very top of the ball’s path,
its velocity is
a. entirely vertical.
b. entirely horizontal.
c. both vertical and horizontal.
d. There’s not enough information given to determine.
5. A vector is a quantity that has
a. magnitude and time.
b. magnitude and direction.
c. time and direction.
Circular Motion:
1. Why do things move in a circle?
2. Does a child on a merry go round rotate or revolve around the axis of the merry go round?
3. What is linear speed?
4. What is tangential speed?
5. Draw and relate the speed of an object on a record placed 1” from the axis and another placed 4” from the
axis.
6. If a string that holds a whirling can breaks, what causes the can to move in a straight line path – centripetal
force, centrifugal force or lack of force? Support your answer with a physics law.
7. What is the radius of an automobile tire that turns with a frequency of 11 Hz and has a linear speed of 20.0
m/s?
8. Jessica is riding on a merry-go-round on an outer horse that sits at a distance of 8.0 m from the center of the
ride. Jessica’s sister, Julie, is on an inner horse located 6.0 m from the ride’s center. The merry-go-round turns
around once every 40.0 s. a) Explain which girl is moving with the greater linear speed. b) What is the
centripetal acceleration of Julie and her horse?
Momentum & Energy:
1. Where does a roller coaster have the most potential energy? Kinetic energy?
2. If you exert a 5 N force to push a desk 10 m across the room in 10 s, how much work is done?
3. What two factors must be present when work is done? Give an example of when no work is performed?
4. It takes 10 N of force to push a 4 kg cart a distance of 3 m. If there is 3 N of friction between the cart
and the floor, how much work is done?
5. What is the potential energy of a 65 kg person at the top of a 5 m flight of stairs?
6. What is the law of conservation of energy?
7. Give an example of how the law would be shown in a flashlight.
8. How much work is done when an elevator lifts a 500 kg mass 4.5 m?
9. How much power is done if the same elevator completes the task in 5 seconds?
10. A 10 kg cart is pushed 5 m and a 5 kg cart is pushed 10 m. How does the work done on each object
compare?
11. If the 10 kg cart is moved in 3 seconds and the 5 kg cart takes 2 seconds, how does their work compare?
Their power?
12. What is the power rating of an object moved 15 m in 3 seconds if it weighs 40 kg?
13. On April 15, 1912, the luxury cruiseliner Titanic sank after running into an iceberg. a) What momentum
would the 4.23 _ 108-kg ship have imparted to the iceberg if it had hit the iceberg head-on with a speed
of 11.6 m/s? (Actually, the impact was a glancing blow.)
Semester Review Physics - Page 5 of 5
Vocabulary
Frame of Reference
Speed
Average speed
Instantaneous speed
Velocity
Distance
Displacement
Average velocity
Constant velocity
Instantaneous velocity
Acceleration
Average Acceleration
Constant Acceleration
Instantaneous Acceleration
Freefall
Vector resolution
Trajectory
Resultant
Vector
Scalar quantity
Vector quantity
Vector components
Force
Magnitude
Free body diagram
Inertia
Friction
Net force
Normal force
Rotation
Revolution
Tangential velocity
Linear speed
Rotational speed
Circular motion
Gravitational force
Newton
Centripetal Velocity
Centripetal Acceleration
Work
Power
Rate
Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Mechanical Energy
Momentum
Impulse
Elastic collision
Inelastic collision
Law of Conservation of Energy
Law of Conservation of Momentum
Work Energy Theorem
Units:
Distance
Displacement
Time
Mass
Velocity
Acceleration
Force
Power
Work
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Momentum
Impulse
Constants:
a or g – gravity due to acceleration
G – Universal gravitational constant