Download Matko Chapter 10 Test Key

Name:____________________
Chapter 10 Test: DNA and Protein Synthesis
Vocabulary. Use the word bank provided to answer questions 1-12. (1 pt. each) Each word will be used
only once.
purine
mRNA
transcription
promoter
pyrimidine
tRNA
translation
codon
double helix
rRNA
DNA replication
anticodon
transcription__ 1. The process in which RNA is made from DNA.
purine_______ 2. A DNA base that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. An example
would be Adenine.
pyrimidine____ 3. A DNA base that has a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. An example
would be Cytosine.
mRNA_______ 4. A type of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm.
codon________5. A group of three sequential nucleotide bases of an mRNA molecule.
translation____ 6. The process of converting the genetic code in RNA into the amino acid
sequence that makes up a protein.
tRNA_______ 7. A type of RNA that carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
promoter_____ 8. A nucleotide sequence that acts as a flag to signal the start of a gene.
anticodon____ 9. A region of tRNA consisting of three bases complementary to the codon of
mRNA.
DNA replication 10. The process by which DNA copies itself.
rRNA_______ 11. The type of RNA found in a ribosome.
double helix__ 12. The structure or shape of DNA.
Multiple Choice. For each question, mark the answer that best completes the question. (2 pts. each)
__C___ 13. The primary function of DNA is to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
serve as a form of storage for unused nucleotides.
occupy space in the nucleus to keep the nucleus from collapsing.
store information that tells the cells which proteins to make.
control what comes into/out of the cell.
__A__ 14. According to complimentary base pairing rules, guanine binds with:
A. cytosine
B. adenine
C. thymine
D. uracil
___B__ 15. During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase:
A. separates the two nucleotide chains in the DNA molecule.
B. constructs new nucleotide chains that are complimentary to the chains in the original DNA
molecule.
C. breaks down the original DNA molecule into individual nucleotides.
D. joins two DNA molecules into a single molecule.
__B__ 16. If the sequence of nucleotides in one chain of a DNA molecule is T-C-A-A-G-C, a new
nucleotide chain of DNA will be produced during replication with the complimentary sequence:
A.
B.
C.
D.
T-C-A-A-G-C
A-G-T-T-C-G
C-T-G-G-A-T
G-A-C-C-T-A
__D__17. If the sequence of nucleotides in one chain of a DNA molecule is T-C-A-A-G-C, a new
nucleotide chain of mRNA will be produced during transcription with the complimentary
sequence:
A.
B.
C.
D.
T-C-A-A-G-C
A-G-T-T-C-G
U-C-A-A-G-C
A-G-U-U-C-G
__B___18. In eukaryotic cells, RNA is copied from DNA in the:
A. ribosomes.
B. nucleus.
C. nuclear membrane.
D. cytoplasm.
___D__ 19. In RNA, thymine is replaced by:
A. adenine
B. guanine
C. cytosine
D. uracil
__C__ 20. The enzyme helicase is responsible for:
A. proofreading the newly synthesized strand in DNA replication.
B. adding nucleotides to the growing strand of mRNA in replication.
C. separating the two DNA stands in DNA replication.
D. signaling the beginning or start of a gene.
__B___21. The codon A-U-G is also known as a:
A. promoter codon.
B. start codon.
C. stop codon.
D. mutation.
__B___22. The role of a stop codon is to:
A. stop the RNA polymerase from falling off of the DNA strand.
B. signal the ribosome to stop translating mRNA.
C. stop DNA from being replicated.
D. signal the DNA to stop replicating.
Short Answer. Answer each question to the best of your ability. Read each question carefully and make
sure to answer all parts of the question.
23. Draw a DNA nucleotide and label the three parts. (3 pts)
Phosphate
Nucleotide Base
Sugar
24. Fill in the table. (each box = 1pt)
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Where does it
take place in the
cell?
Inside the nucleus
Inside the nucleus
In the cytosol/cytoplasm
What is the
product?
2 DNA molecules
mRNA strand
Polypeptide
chain/protein
25. What process is being shown in this diagram? How do you know? (2 pts)
Transcription.
-uracil is used on the new strand instead of thymine
-only one strand is being copied, not two
-double helix DNA strand is the template
-no ribosomes, tRNA, or polypeptide chains apparent
26. Compare and contrast the structure and functions of DNA and RNA. You need to include at least
TWO similarities and TWO differences total. (4pts)
-DNA and RNA both have a sugar phosphate backbone, both use nucleotide bases, both
necessary for protein synthesis, both work within the cell, etc.
-DNA and RNA are different in that DNA is only located in the nucleus and RNA can move out
into the cytoplasm, DNA uses the nucleotide base thymine but RNA uses uracil, DNA is double
stranded but RNA is single stranded, etc.
27. Circle the start codon and put a square around the stop codon on the mRNA strand below. (2 pts)
A-G-G-C-G-A-U-G-C-A-C-C-A-G-C-U-U-U-C-A-G-U-G-G-U-A-G-C-G-C-C-A-U-C-G-G
28. Why is complementary base pairing important? What are some possible effects of mismatched base
pairs? (4 pts)
Important because
-it is the same every time, it enables each strand to be a template, both code for the
same thing, reduces possible errors, etc.
Some effects
-a change in the nucleotide sequence would not allow the bases to match up in a DNA
double helix and would contort the shape. It could change what amino acid a codon
codes for. Etc.
28. How would deletion of one nucleotide in the middle of an mRNA transcript affect the final product
of the polypeptide? (2 pts)
Deletion would change the 3 nucleotides that make up the codon. A different codon could
correlate with a different amino acid. A different amino acid in the polypeptide chain would
change the protein.
29.Using the codon table below, list THREE mRNA nucleotides that could code for the amino acid
Leucine. The abbreviation for Leucine = Leu. (3 pts.)
UUA
UUG
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
30. Use the word band to label the parts of the following diagram (6pts.):
ribosome
growing polypeptide chain
tRNA
mRNA
codon
anticodon
growing polypeptide chain
tRNA
anticodon
codon
ribosome
31. The diagram above is an illustration of (2 pts):
mRNA
translation