Download Inhibitors are structural analogs of true substrate

1
2
3
4
5
6
In snake venom there is a substance
that causes erythrocyte hemolysis when
it is introduced into a human organism.
Blood test revealed a large amount
of lysolecithin (lysophosphatidylcholine).
What enzyme leads to accumulating
lysolecithin in blood?
Universal system of biological oxidation
of nonpolar compounds (numerous
drugs, toxic agents, steroid hormones,
cholesterol) is microsomal oxidation.
Name the cytochrome that is included in
oxygenase chain of microsomes:
A newborn child born from Rhnegative
mother in the result of her third
pregnancy presents with gradually
worsening jaundice, irritated central
nervous system, anemia. What type of
jaundice does the infant suffer from?
Proteins are biopolymers of principal significance in
cell building, they are composed from amino acids
as monomers, which are connected into chain by the
next main type of chemical bond:
Phospholipase A2 Phospholipase A1
Phospholipase C
Phospholipase D
Neuraminidase
Cytochrome Р450
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome A3
Cytochrome A
Cytochrome C1
Hemolytic
Hepatocellular
Obstructive
Parasitic
Toxic
Peptide bond
Phosphodiester bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Glycosidic bond
Structure of proteins includes proteinogenic
amino acids. What is the position
of the amino group in the structure of these
amino acids?
α-position
β-position
γ-position
δ-position
-position
Uric acid is a derivative of:
Purine
Indole
Pyrazine
Pyrazole
Pyridine
Name the disaccharide with the
following structure:
β-lactose
α-lactose
β-maltose
β-cellobiose
Saccharose
What enzyme allows for synthesys
of various genes from template-RNA to
DNA in genetic engineering (this enzyme
catalyzes the process detected in RNAviruses)?
Reverse
transcriptase
Exonuclease
DNA-ligase
Helicase
Endonuclease
Chromatin contains positively charged
histone proteins. What amino acid is
contained in histone proteins in large
amounts?
Lysine
Alanine
Valine
Threonine
Serine
By consumption of fresh milk in kid developed Lactase
disorders of digestive tract. Consumption of other
sugar-containing food-stuffs did not cause similar
disorders. Genetically determined insufficiency of
what enzyme can be considered in this case?
In a patient was detected disorder in digestion of Proteinases
protein in stomach and small intestines. What group
of enzymes may cause this disorder?
Phosphoglucomutase
Glycogen
synthetase
Hexokinase
Glucose-6
phosphate
isomerase
Amylase
Lipase
Lyases
Aminotransferas
es
In dietology in cases of children milk intolerance a -galactosidase
milk is used in which lactose content is diminished
enzymatically. What enzyme is used for this
purpose?
–amylase
–glucosidase
–amylase
–glucosidasde
Diet of a human must contain vitamins.
What vitamin is usually prescribed for
treatment and prevention of pellagra?
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1
Vitamin D
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Vitamin PP
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
In a treatment of some infections diseases,
sulfanilamide drugs are used, which inhibit the
growth of bacteria. What is the mechanism of their
action?
They are
structural analogs
of paminobenzoic
acid, needed for
biosynthesis of
folic acid
In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis
activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was
detected. What disease can be suggested?
Allosteric inhibition of
bacterial enzymes
They are
involved in
oxidativereductive
reactions
Cholelythiasis
Chronic
hepatitis
Inhibit the
Irreversibly
absorption of folic inhibit
acid
biosynthesis of
folic acid,
needed for
normal bacterial
survival
Malignant tumors Poisoning with
insecticides
Pharmaceuticals, containing mercury, arsen or other
heavy metals, are inhibiting enzymes, posessing
sulfhydril groups. What amino acid is used for
reactivation of these enzymes?
Cysteine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Aspartic acid
Glycine
In recognition of hepatitis the determination the
following enzymes activity in blood has diagnostic
significance:
Amino
transferases
Amylase
Lactate
dehydrogenase
Aldolase
Creatin kinase
Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate
dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and
studied their properties. What property indicates that
the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same
enzyme?
A patient presents high activity of LDH1,2,
aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase.
In what organ (organs) is the development of a
pathological process the most probable?
Catalyzation of The same molecular
the same reaction weight
The same
Tissue
physicochemical localization
properties
The same
electrophoretic
mobility
In
the
heart In skeletal muscles
muscle
(initial (dystrophy, atrophy)
stage
of
myocardium
infarction)
Marked increase of activity of МВ-forms of CPK Miocardial
Hepatitis
(creatinephosphokinase) and LDH-1 were revealed infarction
on the examination of the patient's blood. What is
the most likely pathology?
In kidneys and
adrenals
In connective
tissue
In liver and
kidneys
Rheumatism
Pancreatitis
Cholecystitis
12 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a Myocardium
patient presented an increase of aspartate infarction
aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What
pathology is this deviation typical for?
Collagenosis
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes
insipidus
Viral hepatitis
Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to Acetaldehyde
prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde
dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite
causes aversion to alcochol?
Ethanol
Malonyl
aldehyde
Propionic
aldehyde
Methanol
A 49-year-old driver complains about unbearable
constricting pain behind the breastbone irradiating
to the neck. The pain arose 2 hours ago.
Objectively: the patient’s condition is grave, he is
pale, heart tones are decreased. Laboratory studies
revealed high activity of creatine kinase and LDH1.
What disease are these symptoms typical for?
In case of enterobiasis acrihine – the structural
analogue of vitamin B2 - is administered. The
synthesis disorder of which enzymes does this
medicine cause in microorganisms?
Acute myocardial
infarction
Acute pancreatitis
Stenocardia
Cholelithiasis
Diabetes
mellitus
FAD-dependent
dehydrogenases
Cytochromeoxidases
Peptidases
NAD-dependet
dehydrogenases
Aminotransferas
es
Hydroxylation of endogenous substrates and Vitamin C
xenobiotics requires a donor of protons. Which of
the following vitamins can play this role?
Vitamin P
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Pyruvate dehydrostase
26
A newborn child has convulsions that have been Glutamate
observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most decarboxylase
probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a
component of the following enzyme:
Netoglubarate
dehydromine
Aminolevulinate
synthase
Glycogen
phosphorylase
27
In a patient with complaints on pain in cardiac area LDH,
creatine Amylase,
a myocardial infarction was recognized after kinase,
phosphatase
estimation of enzymes activity in blood. Indicate, aminotransferase
please, what enzyme activities were determined?
22
23
24
25
28
29
lipase, Peptidase,
arginase,
glucokinase
In course of tuberculosis treatement a patient was Competitive
Irreversible
Uncompetitive
administered isoniazide – a structural analogue of
nicotinamide and pyridoxine. What type of
inhibition by mechanism of action exhibits
isoniazide?
After laboratory investigation in blood of patient an Determination of Estimation of blood Ketone bodies
increase of LDH activity was detected, which is LDH isozymes
glucose level
level in blood
characteristic symptom of heart, liver or kidney
diseases. What additional biochemical investigation
must be performed in differential diagnostics?
Trypsin,
Aldolase,
lysozyme, citrate succinate
synthase
dehydrogenase,
hexokinase
Allosteric
Noncompetitive
Determination of Amylase
blood cholesterol activity in blood
level
Arginase
Catalase
Glc-6-P
dehydrogenase
Alpha-amylase
30
In a patient a preliminary diagnosis of myocardial Creatineinfarction was proposed. A characteristic feature of phosphokinase
this disease is a marked increase in blood in the first
24 hours of the next enzyme:
AlAT (GPT)
AsAT (GOT)
Gamma-amylase
31
Ambulance delivered a patient to the hospital with a Alpha-amylase
preliminary diagnosis “acute pancreatitis”. What
enzyme activity must be estimated in blood and
urine in order to support this diagnosis?
Lactate
dehydrogenase
–glucosidasde
–amylase
–glucosidase
–amylase
32
In dietology, in cases of children milk intolerance a -galactosidase
milk is used in which lactose content is diminished
enzymatically. What enzyme is used for this
purpose?
33
In cases of chronic pancreatitis a decrease of trypsin Cleavage of
production and secretion is observed. Digestion and proteins
absorption of what substances is injured in this
case?
Cleavage of
polysaccharides
Cleavage of
nucleic acids
Cleavage of
disaccharides
Cleavage of
lipids
After the addition of an extract of pancreatic gland
to the tube with starch solution, a blue coloration of
the sample with iodine have disappeared, which
indicates on starch hydrolysis. What pancreatic
enzyme is involved in this reaction?
During the investigation of pancreatic juice was
detected a great number of enzymes. Some of them
are secreted in inactive form. What are these
enzymes?
Amylase
Chymotrypsin
Lipase
Aldolase
Trypsin
Trypsinogen,
chymotrypsinoge
n
Sucrase, amylase
Ribonuclease,
pepsin
Amylase, lipase
DNA-ase,
aminopeptidase
Phosphororganic
compound
diisopropyl- Irreversible
fluorophosphate is a dangerous toxin as it inhibits
cholinesterase. What is the mechanism of this
inhibition?
Reversible
Competitive
Uncomoetitive
Noncompetitive
In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis
activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was
detected. What disease can be suggested?
Cholelythiasis
Chronic
hepatitis
Malignant tumors
Poisoning with
insecticides
In a patient a preliminary diagnosis of myocardial Creatine kinase
infarction was proposed. A characteristic feature of
this disease is a marked increase in blood in the first
24 hours of the next enzyme:
Arginase
Catalase
Glc-6-P
dehydrogenase
Alpha-amylase
34
35
36
37
38
During the surgery after injection of a drug, which Acetylcholine
cause the myorelaxation, in patient occures a esterase
prolonged stoppage of resptration (more then 5
min). What enzyme insufficiency may be
responsible for this accident?
In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis
activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was
detected. What disease can be suggested?
Catalase
Glucose-6phosphate
dehydrogenase
Monoaminoxidas
e
Acetyltransferase
Cholestasis
Chronic
hepatitis
Malignant tumors
Insecticide
poisoning
In blood serum of a patient a marked increase of Myocardial
activity of creatine phosphokinase and lactate infarction
dehydrogenase was detected. . What disease can be
suggested as a cause?
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic
pancreatitis
Hemolytic
jaundice
Nephrosis
In blood serum of a patient a high activity of Heart
isozyme LDH-1 was detected. In what organ
pathological changes occure?
Liver
Sceletal muscles
Pancreas
Kidney
During investigation of gastric secretory function Pepsin
was detected decrease of hydrochloric acid content
in gastric juice. What enzyme activity will decrease
in this case?
Lipase
Hexokinase
Amylase
Carboxypeptida
se
Acid phosphatase
Aldolase
44
In malignant tumor of prostata a marked increase in
activity of the next enzyme in blood serum is
observed:
Alanyl
aminotransferas
e
Lactate
dehydrogenase
Alkaline
phosphatase
Serum LDH
Serum AST
Serum CK
Serum ALT
Serum amylase
45
On the third day following onset of acute
myocardial infarction, which enzyme estimation
will have the best predictive value?
What enzyme may be used in substitute therapy in
cases of gastric secretion insufficiency?
Pepsin
Trypsin
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Ribonuclease
Oxido-reductases
Amylases
Lipases
Aminotransferas
es
39
40
41
42
43
46
47
In a patient the disorder of proteins digestion in Peptidases
stomach and small intestine is observed. What
enzymes insufficiency cause this disorder?
48
Trypsinogen is produced in exocrine part of
pancreatic gland and excreted to duodenum, where
it is activated by the next factor:
H3M (iso 2)
H2M2 (iso 3)
HM3 (iso 4)
M4 (iso 5)
49
In diagnostics of myocardial infarction the next H4 (iso 1)
isoform of lactate dehydrogenase in blood has
diagnostic significance:
Glutathion peroxidase
Creatine kinase
Amylase
50
In diagnostics of an acute viral hepatitis estimation
of the next enzymatic activity in blood serum is the
most valuable:
Alkaline
phosphatase
A child manifests epileptic seizures caused by Alanine
vitamin B6 deficiency. This is conditioned by the aminotransferase.
decrease of the 7-aminobutyrate level in the
nervous tissue which acts as an inhibiting
neurotransmitter. The activity of which enzyme
is decreased in this case?
Different forms of lympholeukoses are effectively Asparaginase
cured with enzyme preparation called:
Pyridoxal kinase.
Glutamate
dehydrogenase.
Glutamate
decarboxylase.
Glutamate
synthetase
Plasmin
Tissue
plasminogen
activator (tPA)
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinase
Enzymes of tricarboxylic acids cycle oxidize acetylCoA and produce 3 molecules of reduced NAD and
one molecule of reduced FAD. Where are localized
these enzymes?
In mitochondrial
matrix
On plasma membrane
On external
mitochondrial
membrane
In cell cytoplasm
On inner
mitochondrial
membrane
A patient was admitted into hospital with a
diagnosis diabetes mellitus type I. In metabolic
changes the decrease of oxaloacetate synthesis rate
is detected. What metabolic passway is damaged as
a result?
Substrate phosphorylation is a process of phosphate
residue transfer from macroergic donor substance to
ADP or some other nucleoside diphosphate. What
enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle participates in
reaction of substrate phosphorylation?
Tricarboxylic
acid cycle
Glycolysis
Cholesterol
biosynthesis
Glycogen
mobilization
Urea synthesis
Succinyl
thiokinase
Citrate synthase
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Fumarase
Alphaketoglutarate
dehydrogenase
complex
51
52
53
54
55
Enteropeptidase
Alanyl
aminotransferase
Secretin
Gastrin
Cholecystopancre
ozymine
Chymotrypsinog
en
56
In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication
with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is
damaged taking into account that arsen containing
substances inactivate lipoic acid?
Oxidative
decarboxylation
of α-ketoglutarate
Fatty acids
biosynthesis
Neutralization
of superoxide
anions
Coupling of
oxidation and
phopsphorylation
Microsomal
oxidation
Superoxide
dismutase
Catalase
Peroxidase
57
During metabolic process active forms of the
oxygen including superoxide anion radical are
formed in the human body. With help of what
enzyme is this anion activated?
Glutathioneperoxi
dase
Glutathioneredu
ctase
Bilirubin
Ketone bodies
Uric acid
Creatinine
Glucose
58
A patient has obstruction of the
common bile duct. Which of these
substances is usually found in urine in such
cases?
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12
59
A woman noticed that a cut on her
skin was still bleeding even after 20 minutes
had passed. What vitamin deficiency
causes such condition?
The primary structure of nucleic acids
is a polynucleotide chain that has a certain
composition and order of the nucleotides.
What bonds stabilize this structure?
3’,5’phosphodiester
Peptide
Glycosidic
Disulfide
Amide
During the necropsy of a 20-year-old girl a
pathologist concluded that the death of the patient
had resulted from poisoning by cyanides. The
activity of what enzyme is mostly inhibited by
cyanides?
CO is extremely dangerous poison as it irreversibly
blocks repiratory chain of enzymes. At which point
is arrested electron transport in presence of CO?
Cytochrome
oxydase
Malate dehydrogenase
Heme synthase
Aspartate
aminotransferase
Lactate
dehydrogenasе
Cytochrome
oxidase
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Ubiquinoncytochrome c
reductase
Respiratory
complex III
NADH2ubiquinon
reductase
Thyroxine
Norepinephrine
Testosterone
Insulin
Cortisol
63
Some hormones are acting as uncouplers of
oxidative phosphorylation. Chose from listed below
hormones one which is considered as the best
uncoupler
B12-hypervitaminosis
B1-deficiency
B1hypervitaminosis
B12-deficiency
64
Activation of membrane lipid peroxydation is one of Vitamin E
the basic mechanisms of membrane structure and
deficiency
functions damage as well as the death of a cell. The
cause of this pathology is:
60
61
62
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
The production of thyroid hormones is stimulated
under thyrotoxicosis. It leads to body weigh loss,
tachycardia, and rise of psychic irritability. Choose
the biochemical mechanism by which thyroid
hormones affect the tissue bioenergetics from the
listed below:
Hydrogen peroxide is harmful and extremely toxic
to living cells. Chose an enzyme which is used by
cells for neutralization of hydrogen peroxide:
Uncoupling of
oxidation and
oxidative
phosphorylation
Blockage of
mitochondrial
respiratory chain
Activation of
substrate level
phosphorylation
Blockage of
substrate level
phosphorylation
Activation of
oxidation and
oxidative
phosphorylation
Glutathion
peroxidase
Cytochrome oxidase
NADP-H2oxidase
Cyclooxygenase
Monoamine
oxidase
Superoxide anion is generated in course of tissue
respiration and is a strong oxidant, possessing a
harmful effect. What enzyme is involved in
neutralization of this compound?
Superoxide
dismutase
Monoamine oxidase
Peroxidase
Catalase
Xanthine
oxidase
In diseases which are accompanied by hypoxia an
incomplete reduction of oxygen molecule in
respiratory chain and accumulation of hydrogen
peroxide occurs. Note an enzyme which provides
neutralization of hydrogen peroxide:
Cyanides are extremely dangerous poisons as they
irreversibly block repiratory chain of enzymes. At
which point is arrested electron transport in
presence of cyanides?
Glutathion
peroxidase
Cytochrome oxidase
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Glutathion
reductase
Oxidase of
reduced NADP
Cytochrome
oxidase
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Ubiquinoncytochrome c
reductase
Respiratory
complex III
enzymes
NADH2ubiquinon
reductase
High resistance of “winter-swimmers” (so-called
“walruses”) to low temperatures is explained by
increased production of certain hormones that
stimulate the processes of biological oxidation and
heat formation in the cells through the uncoupling
of mitochondrial electron transfer and the oxidative
phosphorylation. Choose the name of these
hormones:
During the necropsy of a 17-year-old girl a
pathologist concluded that the death of the patient
had resulted from poisoning by cyanides. The
disturbance of what process became the most
credible cause of the girl’s death?
Thyroid
hormones
Glucagone
Adrenaline
Insulin
Corticosteroids
Tissue respiration
Synthesis of
hemoglobin
Transport of
oxygen by
hemoglobin
Urea synthesis
Atherosclerosis
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Infant death occurs due to cyanide poisoning. What
is the biochemical mechanism of cyanides’
unfavorable action on the molecular level?
Inhibition of
cytochrome
oxidase
Chemical bounding to
the substrates of TCA
Blockage of
succinate
dehydrogenase
Inactivation of
oxygen molecule
Inhibition of
cytochrome b
Cyanides are cellular poisons, inhibiting electron
transport on terminal segment of respiratory chain in
mitochondrias. What is the mechanism of their toxic
effect?
Formation of a
complex with
Fe+3 form of
cytochrome
oxidase
On inner
mitochondrial
membrane.
Block up of electron
transport on a level of
NAD H –coenzyme Qreductase.
Block up of
electron
transport from
cytochrome
bc1.
In cytoplasm
Inhibition of
ATP-synthase
function
Uncoupling of
respiration and
oxidative
phosphorylation
in mitochondria
In nucleus
Interaction with
heme of
cytochrome a3
Attacment to nitrogen
atom in pyrimidine
cycle of NAD
Block the
activity of
cytochrome c
Block bonding
with an oxygen
Rothenon
Somatotropin
Cyanides
Dinitrophenol
Block the
transfer of
electrons from
cytochrome
bc1
Glucose
Iron atom
Vynil residue
Pyrrole cycle
Proteinous part
Methen bridge
B12-folic acid
deficiency
Iron-deficiency
Acquired
hemolytic
Hereditary
hemolytic
Chronic
posthemorrhagic
Lactase
Maltase
Aldolase
Hexokinase
Glycosidase
Enzymes of respiratory chain perform oxidation of
substrates and transfer of reductive equivalents to
oxygen with production of water molecules. Where
they are located?
Patient P. is working in chemical industry,
connected with cyanic acid production. He
complains in attacks of suffocation and dizziness.
What is the mechanism of cyanides effect upon
tissue respiration?
Coupling of tissue respiration and oxydative
phosphorylation takes place in the presence of
electrochemical gradient of H+ ions between
mitochondrial matrix and intermembranous space.
What substance from listed below can uncouple
respiration and phosphorylation?
Cytochromes are components of respiratory chain in
mitochondrias, which transfer electrons from
ubiquinon to molecular oxygen. What part of
cytochrome molecule take part in oxydativereductive reactions?
An elderly patient exhibits low levels of
red blood cells and hemoglobin in blood,
but the color index is 1,3. Blood smear
analysis revealed megaloblasts. What type
of anemia is observed in this case?
After drinking milk a 1-year-old child
has developed diarrhea and flatulence. The
baby is likely to have the deficiency of the
following enzyme:
On cytoplasmic
membrane
On outer
mitochondrial
membrane
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
A man presents with signs of albinism:
blonde hair, extreme photosensitivity,
impaired vision. What amino acid
metabolism is disrupted in the patient?
Tyrosine
Methionine
Proline
Histidine
Valine
Substrate-linked phosphorylation
occurs in the cycle of tricarboxylic acids.
What compound takes part in this reaction?
Succinyl
coenzyme A
α-ketoglutarate
Acetyl
coenzyme A
Succinate
Malate
In the cell, enzymes are located in subsequent Cathepsins and Fatty acid synthesis Enzymes
of Enzymes of urea Glycogen
organelles, providing their specific functioning. glucosaminidase
enzyme complex
protein
synthesis
synthetase
Note enzymes located in lysosomes.
biosynthesis
branching
enzyme
and
Cytochrome c participates in transport of electrons Mitochondria
in respiratory chain of the cell and is located in the
next cellular compartment:
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Golgi vesicles
Lysosomes
Inhibition of the synthesis of bile acids
from cholesterol in liver of an experimental
animals has caused maldigestion of
lipids. What is the role of these acids in the
enteral lipidic metabolism?
A patient with atherosclerosis has
been prescribed Linaetholum containing
essential fatty acids. Which of the
following acids is an essential part of the
preparation?
The patient has icteric skin;
unconjugated bilirubin content in blood
is high; conjugated bilirubin in urine is not
detected. There is significant amount of
urobilin in urine and stercobilin in feces.
Name the pathology characterized by the
given symptoms:
A patient complains of pain in the
small joints. High concentration of uric
acid is detected in his blood plasma. What
pathology causes such changes?
They emulsify
dietary lipids
They keep balance of
alkaline environment
in the intestines
They participate
in the synthesis
of lipids
They are part of
LDL
They activate
the formation of
chylomicrons
Linolenic
Palmitic
Crotonic
Stearic
Oleic
Hemolytic
jaundice
Obstructive jaundice
Jaundice of the
newborn
Hepatocellular
jaundice
Atherosclerosis
Gout
Diabetes mellitus
Phenylketonuria
Lesch-Nyhan
syndrome
Diabetes
insipidus
88
Trypsin and related to it proteolytic enzymes
(chymotrypsin, thrombin et al.) contain in active
center a specific amino acid residue, which is
covalently modified by fluorophosphate compounds
with irreversible lost of enzymatic activity. What is
this amino acid residue?
Acetylcholin
esterase
cleaves
acetylcholin
hydrolytically. Insecticides, pesticides and nerve
gases of fluorophosphates structure irreversibly
inhibit acetylcholin esterase. What type of inhibition
is it?
Cataract (lenticular opacity) has
developed in a 52-year-old woman with
pancreatic diabetes. What process has
intensified and thus caused lenticular
opacity?
Serine
46-year-old patient was found to
have hyperactivity of creatine kinase in his
blood serum. What kind of pathology can
be suspected?
Tyrosine
Threonine
Aspartate
Methionine
Inhibitors
bind
Inhibitors bind Inhibitors
form
are with
with
serine Inhibitors
histidine complex
with
residue in active structural analogs of residue
in acetylcholine
true substrate
center
allosteric center
Inhibitors
induce
denaturation of
enzyme
Protein
glycosylation
Lipolysis
Ketogenesis
Protein
proteolysis
Gluconeogenesi
s
Myocardial
infarction
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic
hepatitis
Haemolytic
anemia
Renal failure
Lysine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Serine
92
Activity of many enzymes depends from the Cysteine
presence of free thiol groups in active center. What
amino acid residue provides presence of these
groups in enzyme molecule?
93
Biochemical functions of water soluble vitamins are NAD
realized due to their transformation to coenzymes. (nicotinamide
What coenzyme is formed by vitamin PP?
adenine
dinucleotide)
FMN
(flavinmononucleotide
)
FAD
(flavin Pyridoxalphospha
adenine
te
dinucleotide)
Thiamine
pyrophosphate
Production of active
thromboplastin
Production of
thrombin
Production
of
fibrin polymer
94
In the course of an experiment in
the mesenteric vein of a toad a trombus
was created with a crystal of common salt.
What processes occurred during the first
stage of trombus formation?
89
90
91
Adhesion,
aggregation,
agglutination of
Platelets
Production of
fibrin monomer
In a patient with frequent intraorgan and mucosal Vitamin C
bleeding in urine were detected proline and lysine.
Deficiency of what vitamin cause a damage of their
hydroxylation?
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin B6
Vitamin K
Vitamin PP
96
In a patient painfulness along a great nerve trunks is Vitamin B1
observed as well as increase of pyruvate in blood.
Insufficiency of what vitamin may induce these
symptoms?
Zinc
Iron
Magnesium
Molybdenum.
97
Malignant hyperchrome anemia, or Birmer's Cobalt
disease, is a pathological state caused by the
deficiency of vitamin B12. What chemical element is
a constituent of the structure of this vitamin?
B12.
B3.
B8.
B5.
98
For diagnostics of certain illnesses the B6.
determination of blood transaminases activity is
required. Which vitamin is a component of the
cofactors of the enzymes?
Hemoglobin catabolism results in
Transferrin
release of iron which is transported to the
(siderophilin)
bone marrow by a certain transfer protein
and is used again for the synthesis of
hemoglobin. Specify this transfer protein:
Note a compound which is considered as natural Thermogenin
uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
Transcobalamin
Haptoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
Albumin
Progesteron
Succinic acid
Sapogenin
Stearic acid
95
99
100
101
An untrained person who has not been practicing Accumulation of Decreasing of lipids Increased
Accumulation of Increase of ATP
physical exercises for a long time complains of a lactate in muscles level in muscles
disintegration of creatinine
in level in muscles
muscle pain as a result of intensive manual work.
muscle proteins muscles
What is the probable reason of the pain syndrome?
Gluconeogenesis
102
The high speed sprint causes a feeling of pain in Glycolysis
skeletal muscles of untrained people that occurs due
to lactate accumulation. The activation of what
biochemical process is it resulting from?
Deamination of amino Tissue
acids
respiration
103
A 7-year-old girl manifests obvious signs of anemia. Anaerobic
Laboratory tests showed the deficiency of pyruvate glycolysis
kinase activity in erythrocytes. The disorder of what
biochemical process is a major factor in the
development of anemia?
Pentose
phosphate
pathway
Lipogenesis
Glycogenesis
Oxidative
phosphrylation
Breaking up of
peroxides
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
The intake of aspirin by a 3-year-old child with a Glucosо-6fever caused marked erythrocytes hemolysis. The phosphate
inherited deficiency of what enzyme could be the dehydrogenase.
cause of the hemolytic anemia development?
Glucose-6phosphatase.
Glycogen
phosphorylase.
Glycerolphosphate
dehydrogenase.
γ-Glutaminyl
transferase
A 2-year-old boy has the increase of liver and
spleen sizes detected and eye cataract present. The
total sugar level in blood is increased, but glucose
tolerance is within the normal range. The inherited
disturbance of the metabolism of what substance is
the cause of the indicated state?
A newborn child had dyspepsia phenomena
(diarrhea, vomiting) detected after feeding with
milk. After additional feeding with glucose the
morbid symptoms disappeared. The insufficient
activity of what enzyme that takes part in the
carbohydrates breakdown causes the indicated
disorders?
A newborn child with the signs of cataract, growth
and mental retardation, who manifested vomiting
and diarrhea, was brought to an emergency clinic. A
presumptive diagnosis of galactosemia was made.
The deficiency of what enzyme occurs in case of
this disease?
A cataract and fatty degeneration of the liver
develop in the conditions of high galactose and low
glucose level in blood. What disease do these
symptoms testify to?
Galactose.
Fructose.
Glucose.
Maltose.
Saccharose
Lactase.
Amylase.
Sacharase.
Isomaltase.
Maltase.
Galactose-1Glucokinase.
phosphate uridyl
transferase.
UDP-galactose4-epimerase.
Hexokinase.
Glucose-6phosphate
dehydrogenase
Galactosemia.
Lactosemia.
Steroid diabetes.
Fructosemia
Diabetes mellitus.
In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication Oxidative
with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is decarboxylation
damaged taking into account that arsenic containing of pyruvate
substances inactivate lipoic acid?
Fatty
biosynthesis
In a weak apathic infant an enlarged liver was
detected, which in investigation of biopcia pieces
showed an excess of glycogen. Blood glucose
concentration is under the normal value. What may
be the cause of this disease?
Lowered activity of
glycogen synthase
Lowered activity
of glycogen
phosphorylase in
a liver
acids Neutralization
Coupling
of Microsomal
of
superoxide oxidation
and oxidation
anions
phopsphorylation
Lowered
activity of
glucose 6phosphate
isomerase
Lowered activity
of glucokinase
Deficiency of
gene responsible
for synthesis of
glucose 1phosphate uridyl
transferase
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
During biochemical investigation of blood in a Glycogen
patient was detected hypoglycemia in fasting synthase
condition. Investigation of liver bioptates revealed
the failure of glycogen synthesis. What enzyme
deficiency may cause such status?
In an infant with point mutations in genes the Gierke disease
absence of glucose 6-phosphatase, hypoglycemia
and hepatomegalia were revealed. What disease is
characterized by these symptoms?
Phosphorylase
Aldolase
Fructose bisphosphatase
Pyruvate
carboxylase
Adison disease
Parkinson
disease
Cori disease
Mac Ardle
disease
In a patient a lowering in ability to physical load Glycogen
was revealed, while in skeletal muscles the phosphorylase
glycogen content was increased. The decrease in
activity of what enzyme may cause this condition?
Phosphofructokinase
Glucose 6phosphate
dehydrogenase
Glycogen
synthase
Glucose 6phosphatase
What biochemical process is stimulated in the liver Gluconeogenesis.
and kidneys of a patient exhausted by starvation?
Synthesis of urea.
Synthesis of
bilirubin.
Formation of
hippuric acid.
Synthesis of uric
acid.
Under Girke's glycogenosis the conversion of
glucoso-6-phosphate into glucose is disturbed,
which results excessive glycogen accumulation in
liver and kidneys. The deficiency of what enzyme is
the cause of the disease?
A child is sluggish and inert. His liver is enlarged.
The liver biopsy showed the excess of glycogen.
The concentration of glucose in blood plasma is
below the normal range. What is the cause of the
glucose level decrease in blood?
Glucoso-6phosphatase.
Glycogen synthase.
Phosphorylase.
Hexokinase.
Aldolase.
Reduced (or
absent) activity of
glycogen
phosphorylase in
the liver
Reduced (or absent)
activity of hexokinase.
High activity of
glycogen
synthase
Reduced (or
absent) activity of
glucose-6phosphatase.
Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
The
phosphate
pathway
The major process responsible for maintaining Gluconeogenesis
blood glucose in 40 hours after last meal is:
Deficiency
of
the gene, which
is
responsible
for the synthesis
of
glucose-1phosphate
uridine
transferase.
pentose Glycogenesis
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
A 46-year-old woman complains of dryness in the
oral cavity, thirst, frequent urination, general
weakness. Biochemical research of the patient's
blood showed hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia.
Sugar and ketone bodies are revealed in the
urine. Diffuse changes in myocardium are marked on
the electrocardiogram. Make an assumptive
diagnosis of the illness.
A patient was admitted to a hospital in comatous
state. The accompanying mates explained that the
patient loss his consciousness during the training on
the last stage of marathon distance. What coma type
can be recognized?
A patient addressed to physician with complaints on
permanent thirst. In laboratory investigation it was
revealed hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased
content of 17-ketosteroids in urine. What disease is
the most probable?
A 38-year-old man is receiving treatment for
schizophrenia in hospital. Fhe initial levels of
glucose, ketone bodies and urea in the blood are
within the normal range. Shock therapy put into
practice by regular insulin injections resulted in the
development of the comatose state which improved
the clinical status of the patient. What is the most
probable cause of insulin coma?
In a 57-year-old patient, suffering from diabetes
mellitus, ketoacidosis has been developed.
Biochemical background of this status is decrease in
utilization of acetyl-CoA due to a deficiency of:
Diabetes
mellitus.
Diabetes insipidus.
Alimentary
hyperglycemia.
Acute
pancreatitis.
Ischemic
cardiomyopath
y.
Hypoglycemic
Hyperglycemic
Hypovolemic
Hypothyroid
Hepatic
Steroid diabetes
Insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus
Addison disease
Glycogenosis of
the 1 type
Myxoedema
Hypoglycemia.
Dehydratation of
tissues.
Metabolic
acidosis.
Ketonemia.
Hyperglycemia.
Oxaloacetate
2-oxoglutarate
Glutamate
Aspartate
Succinate.
In patients’ blood glucose level is over the renal Diabetes mellitus
threshold, polyuria is observed, as well as acidosis
and ketonuria. What disease can be suggested?
Starvation
Hypercorticism
Addison disease
Hyperthyreosis
In a patient a hyperglycemia, ketonuria, polyuria Metabolic
and glucosuria were revealed. What disorders of acidosis
acid-base equilibrium can be expected in this
conditions?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic
alkalosis
Respiratory
acidosis
Normal acidbase equilibrium
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
A 58 years old woman, in a heavy state, cloudy
consciousness, dry skin, cyanosis, an odor of
spoiled apples from mouth were revealed. Blood
glucose level – 15,1 mmol/l, in urine – 3,5 %. This
state is caused by:
By consumption of fresh milk in kid developed
disorders of digestive tract. Consumption of other
sugar-containing food-stuffs did not cause similar
disorders. Genetically determined insufficiency of
what enzyme can be considered in this case?
A 45-year-old woman does not have any symptoms
of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus but testing on
an empty stomach showed the increase of the blood
glucose level (7.5 mM/l). What additional
laboratory test needs to be done to substantiate the
diagnosis?
A condition called diabetic ketoacedosis is caused
by a lack of insulin leading to a build-up of
ketoacids. Excessive ketone bodies are formed by
the biochemical imbalance in uncontrolled or poorly
managed diabetes. Which compounds are called
ketone bodies?
A worker of a chemical plant was brought to a
hospital with signs of poisoning. In the woman's
hair a high level of arsenate that blocks the lipoic
acid was revealed. The disorder of what
biochemical process is the most probable cause of
poisoning?
During the investigation in some person was
revealed blood glucose concentration on a level 4,5
mMoles/l. It may be the next interpretation of
obtained result:
Hyperglycemic
coma
Hypoglycemic coma
Anaphylactic
shock
Uremic coma
Hypovolemic
coma
Lactase
Phosphoglucomutase
Glycogen
synthetase
Hexokinase
Glucose-6
phosphate
isomerase
Determination of
tolerance to
glucose.
Determination
of Determination
ketone
bodies of rest nitrogen
concentration in the level in the
urine.
blood.
Determination of
tolerance
to
glucose on an
empty stomach.
Determination
of glycosylated
hemoglobin
level.
Acyl-CoA,
malonyl-CoA
Cholic
and
deoxycholic
acid
Acetoacetate, β- Aspartate, pyruvate
hydroxybulyrate,
and acetone
α-ketoglutarate,
malate,
sussinate
Oxidative
decarboxylation
of pyruvate.
Microsomal oxidation.
Reduction
of Reduction
of Rendering
methemoglobin. organic oxides.
superoxide
radicals
harmless
A person is
healthy
A person has diabetes
mellitus
A person
possess
increased
tolerance toward
glucose
Protein, creatine
A 40-year-old woman diagnosed with diabetes Glucose,
mellitus is admitted to a department of bodies
endocrinology. The patient complains of thirst and
increased hunger. What pathological components
are exposed at laboratory research of the patient's
urine?
ketone Protein, amino acid
A person has
diabetes insipidus
A person has
steroid diabetes
Bilirubin, urobilin
Blood
132
133
134
135
136
137
A woman in the unconscious state was brought to an Hypoglycemia.
emergency clinic. Laboratory research revealed that
the blood glucose level makes 1.98 mM/1, the level
of hemoglobin is 82 g/1, the amount of erythrocytes
is 2.1∙1012, SSE (speed of erythrocytes settling) is
18 mm/hour and the amount of leucocytes is
4.3∙109/l. Make a possible diagnosis.
Under diabetes mellitus, the level of ketone bodies Acetyl-CoA.
in blood dramatically rises, which results in the
development of metabolic acidosis. What substance
is the precursor of the ketone bodies synthesis?
Diabetes mellitus.
Galactosemia.
Somatotropin
deficiency
Diabetes
insipidus.
Succinyl-CoA.
Propionyl-CoA
Malonyl-CoA.
McthylmalonylCoA.
A patient manifests ketonuria. What disease is Diabetes mellitus.
recognized by the augmented concentration of
ketone bodies in his urine?
Acute glomerular
inflammation.
Urolithiasis.
Tuberculosis of
the kidney.
Myocardial
infarction.
Due to prolonged taking of
phenobarbital the epileptic patient has
developed tolerance for this drug. What
is this phenomenon based on?
Absorption process
weakening
Increase of
receptor
sensitivity
Biotransformation
suppression
Substance
accumulation in
body
Glucose-6phosphatase
Carnitine
palmitoyl
transferase II
Glycogen
synthase
Very long chain
acyl-CoA
dehydrogenase
Glucagon
Fatty acids
Insulin
Triglyceride
Biotransformatio
n acceleration
A 17-year-old male presents complaining of an Glycogen
inability to perform strenuous exercise without phosphorylase
bringing on painful muscle cramps and weakness.
He indicated that mild to moderate exercise resulted
in no problems. When he was administered an
ischemic exercise test, his serum lactate
concentrations did not increase significantly. A
deficiency in which of the following enzymes is
most likely the cause of the patient’s muscle
cramps?
A 27-year-old man has been rushed to the Glucose
emergency room following his sudden collapse and
entry into a state of unconsciousness. Examination
of personal belongings revealed the patient is an
insulin-dependent diabetic. A rapid decline in which
of the following humoral factors likely triggered the
sudden collapse of the patient?
138
139
140
141
142
143
In patients suffering from diabetes mellitus an Increase
in Stimulation of ketone
increase in a content of non esterified fatty acids activity
of bodies utilization
(NEFA) in blood is observed. It may be caused by:
triacylglycerol
lipase
Activation
of
synthesis
of
apolipoproteins
A1 , A2, A3
Decrease
in Accumulation in
activity
of cytosol
of
phosphatidylcholi palmitoyl-CoA
ne-cholesterolacyltransferase in
blood plasma
LDL
The essence of lipolysis, that is the mobilization of Serum albumins..
fatty acids from neutral fats depots, is an enzymatic
process of hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to fatty
acids and glycerol. Fatty acids that release during
this process enter blood circulation and are
transported as the components of:
Which one of the following statements about the Dietary
absorption of lipids from the intestine is correct?
triacylglycerol is
partially
hydrolyzed and
absorbed as free
fatty acids and
monoacyl
glycerol
Globulins.
HDL.
Release of fatty acids
from triacylglycerol in
the
intestine
is
inhibited by bile salts
After consumption of lipids in the body than begins Monoacylglycero
their digestion and absorption in intestines. What l, fatty acids
products of lipid hydrolysis are absorbed in the
intestine?
Amino acids
Dietary Fatty acids that contain ten carbons or
less are absorbed and enter the
triacylglycerol
must circulation
be primarily via the lymphatic
system
completely
hydrotyzed to
tree fatty acids
and
glycerol
before
absorption
Polypeptides
Monosacharides
Lipoproteins
After the consumption of animal food rich in fats, a Bile acids.
patient feels discomfort, and droplets of fats are
found during laboratory investigation of his feces.
Bile acids are revealed in the urine. The cause of
such state is the deficiency of ___ in the digestive
tract.
A man 67 years old suffers from brain vessels LDL
atherosclerosis. After investigation hyperlipidemia
was detected. What class of lipoproteins in blood
plasma will be increased the most of all in
biochemical investigation?
Fatty acids.
Chylomicrons.
HDL
Non esterified Chylomicrons
fatty acids in
complex
with
albumin
Triacylglycerols.
Phospholipids.
VLDL
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
A 35-year-old man with pheochromocytoma has Triacylglycerol
high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine lipase.
registered in the blood. The concentration of free
fatty acids is increased by a factor of eleven. Which
of the following enzymes accelerates the lipolysis
under the action of epinephrine?
Phosphoinositol is an important compound in cell Phospholipase C
regulatory signaling system and is produced from
phosphatidylinositol under the action of the next
enzyme:
Lipoprotein lipase.
Phospholi pasc Phospholi pase C.
Ar
Cholesterol
esterase.
Neuraminidase
Phospholipase
A
Sphingomyelina
se
In a course of laboratory investigation of blood,
taken in fasting conditions, it was detected the
turbidity of serum, total lipids content – 20 g/l,
cholesterol – 9 mM/l. After centrifugation on a
surface of serum there appears a white film, which
suggests an increase in the amount of chylomicrones
in blood. What enzyme activity decrease may cause
this situation?
In a human body the adipose tissue is the basic
location of triacylglycerols (TAG) deposit. At the
same time their synthesis takes place in hepatocytes.
In the form of what molecular complex are TAG
transported from the liver into the adipose tissue?
After the consumption of a diet rich in fats, a patient
complains of languor and nausea. Later signs of
steatorrea appear. The level of blood cholesterol
makes 9.2 mM/1. The shortage of what substances
causes this state of the patient?
The insufficient secretion of what enzyme is the
cause of incomplete fats degradation in the digestive
tract and appearance of great quantity of neutral fats
in feces?
Lipoproteine
lipase of blood
Pancreatic
phospholipases
Lecitine
Lipases
cholesterol acyl tissue
transferase
VLDL.
Chylomicrons.
LDL.
HDL.
Complexes with
albumin
Bile acids.
Triacylglycerols.
Fatty acids.
Phospholipids.
Chylomicrons
Pancreatic lipase.
Phospholi pase.
Entcrokinase.
Amylase.
Pepsin
Decarboxylation
Reduction
α -Oxidation
γ-Oxidation
Lipids are obvious energetic material for the body. β-Oxidation
What is the main pathway of fatty acids metabolism
in mitochondria?
Phospholipase B
of
fat Pancreatic
lipase
151
In a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus in By condensation In course of αblood was detected acetone. Note the process of its of two molecules oxidation of fatty acids
production in the body.
of acetyl-CoA
In course of βoxidation of
fatty acids
In course of γ- In tricarboxylic
oxidation of fatty acid cycle.
acids
Glycerol.
Glucose.
152
Aerobic oxidation of substrates is typical of a Fatty acids.
cardiac muscle. Which of the following is the
major oxidation substrate of a cardiac muscle?
153
154
155
156
157
158
Triacylglycerols.
Carnitine is recommended to a sportsman as a Transport of fatty Ketone
preparation that increases physical activity and acids
into synthesis.
improves achievements. What biochemical process mitochondria.
is mostly activated under the action of carnitine?
A 1-year-old child was brought to a clinic with signs
of muscle weakness. Through the inspection, the
deficiency of carnitine in the muscles was
determined. The biochemical mechanism of the
development of this pathology consists in the
disorder of the process of:
A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to
use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance
"fat burning". What is the role of carnitine in the
process of fat oxidation?
Transport of fatty Regulation of the level Substrate level Utilization
acids
into of
Ca2+
in of
lactate.
mitochondria.
mitochondria.
phosphorylation
.
Transport of FFA Transport of FFA from
(free fatty acids) fat depots to the
from cytosol to tissues
the mitochondria
of Synthesis
actin
myosin.
It takes part in FFA activation
one of reactions
of FFA betaoxidation
Activation of
intracellular
lipolysis
α -Oxidation
Reduction
γ-Oxidation
Transport of fatty Regulation of the level Substrate level Utilization
acids
into of
Ca2+
in of
lactate.
mitochondria.
mitochondria.
phosphorylation
.
of Synthesis of
actin and
myosin.
Lipids are obvious energetic material for the body. β-Oxidation
What is the main pathway of fatty acids metabolism
in mitochondria?
A 1-year-old child was brought to a clinic with signs
of muscle weakness. Through the inspection, the
deficiency of carnitine in the muscles was
determined. The biochemical mechanism of the
development of this pathology consists in the
disorder of the process of:
Carnitine is recommended to a sportsman as a
preparation that increases physical activity and
improves achievements. What biochemical process
is mostly activated under the action of carnitine?
bodies Lipids synthesis. Tissue respiration. Steroid
hormones
synthesis.
Transport of fatty
acids into
mitochondria.
Decarboxylation
Ketone bodies
synthesis.
Lipids synthesis. Tissue respiration. Steroid
hormones
synthesis.
of
and
In diabetes mellitus and starvation there is an Acetyl-CoA
increase of ketone bodies content in blood, which
are utilized as energetic material by tissues. Note the
substance which is used in ketone bodies synthesis.
Citrate
Succinyl-CoA
α–Ketoglutarate
Malate
Aerobic oxidation of substrates is typical of a Fatty acids
cardiac muscle. Which of the following is the
major oxidation substrate of a cardiac muscle?
Triacylglycerols.
Glycerol.
Glucose
Amino acids.
Oleic acid.
Lecithine.
161
A patient suffers from arterial hypertension due to Cholesterol.
atherosclerotic injury of blood vessels. The
consumption of what dietary lipid needs to be
limited?
Monooleateglycer
ol.
Phosphatidylseri
ne.
Ascorbic acid
Glucose
Glycerin
Citrate
162
Fats of phospholipids is disordered due to fat Methionine
infiltration of the liver. Indicate which of the
presented substances can enhance the process of
methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
Pneumonia
Gastritis
Acute pancreatitis
Kidney disease
163
In a patient after investigation it was detected an Atherosclerosis
increased content of low density lipoproteins in
blood serum. What disease can be expected in this
patient?
A child 5 years old suffers from transient abdominal Chylomicrons
pains. Blood serum is turbid in fasting conditions.
Cholesterol content – 4,3 mmoles/l, total lipids – 18
g/l. For precisement of diagnosis electrophoresis of
blood lipoproteins is administered. What classes of
lipoproteins are expected to be increased?
In cases of complete or partial restriction of Choline
lipotropic factors in humans develops a fat
degeneration of liver. What substances can be
considered as lipotropic?
HDL
IDL
LDL
VLDL
Pyridoxine
Fatty acids
Cholesterol
The complaints and objective data permit to suppose Cholesterol
an inflammatory process in gall bladder, disorder of
colloidal properties of bile, probability of bile stones
formation. What compound can cause their
formation?
Oxalates
Chlorides
Phosphates
159
160
164
165
166
Urates
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
In a worker of chemical cleaning the fatty liver Phosphatidyl
dystrophy was recognized. What substance choline
biosynthesis disorder can lead to this pathology?
Tristearylglycerol
Phosphatidic
acid
Urea
Folic acid
A patient with high blood cholesterol levels was HMG
CoA Lipoprotein lipase in Citrate lyase in VLDL excretion Absorption
treated with lovastatin. This drug lowers blood reductase in liver adipose tissue
liver
by the liver
dietary
cholesterol levels because it inhibits:
and
peripheral
cholesterol
tissue
of
Laboratory investigation of the patient's blood Chylomicrons.
plasma, which was performed 4 hours after a
consumption of a fat diet, displayed a marked
increase of plasma turbidity. The most credible
cause of this phenomenon is the increase of in the
plasma.
Laboratory investigation of a patient revealed a high Atherosclerosis
level of plasma LDL, What disease can be
diagnosed?
HDL.
LDL.
Cholesterol.
Phospholi pids.
Nephropathy.
Acute
pancreatitis.
Pneumonia
Gastritis.
After laboratory investigation in a patient was Atherosclerosis
detected an increased content of low density
lipoproteins in blood serum. What disease from
listed below can be expected in a patient?
Pneumonia
Gastritis
Acute pancreatitis
Kidney disease
An experimantal animal that was kept on protein- Choline
free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in
particular as a result of deficiency of methylating
agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the
following metabolite:
A person with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Lower blood
receptor deficiency was treated with lovastatin. As a cholesterol levels
consequence of the action of this drug, the person
should have:
DOPA
Cholesterol
Acetoacetate
Linoleic acid
Increased de novo
cholesterol synthesis
Increased
ACAT activity
Fewer LDL
receptors in cell
membranes
Higher blood
triacylglycerol
levels
A patient suffers from arterial hypertension due to Cholesterol.
atherosclerotic injury of blood vessels. The
consumption of what dietary lipid needs to be
limited?
Oleic acid.
Phosphatidylseri
ne.
Monooleateglycer
ol.
Lecithine.
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
A 70 years old man is ill with vascular LDL.
athrosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary
heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of
lipidic blood composition. The main of factor of
atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the
following lipoproteins:
A patient has a mental disorder due
Pyridoxine
to the insufficient synthesis of gammaaminobutyric
acid in the brain. Such
pathological changes might be caused by
the deficiency of the following vitamin:
VLDL.
Cholesterol.
IDL
HDL
Tocopherol
Cyanocobalami
n
Folic acid
Riboflavin
The method consisting in removal
of low-molecular impurities from colloidal
systems and high-molecular compound
solutions by semipermeable membrane diffusion
is called:
Dialysis
Electrodialysis
Ultrafiltration
Decantation
Compensatory
dialysis
A patient suffers from mucosal
dryness and mesopic vision disorder. What
vitamin deficiency causes these symptons?
A
B1
D
K
E
The second stage of detoxification
involves joining certain chemical
compounds with functional groups of toxines.
Select one such compound:
Glucuronic acid
Higher fatty acids
Cholesterol
Glucose
Pyruvate
Fatty acids arrive into mitochondria,
and there their oxidation occurs. Name the
vitamin-like substance that takes part in
transportation of fatty acids through mitochondrial
membrane:
Carnitine
Choline
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
Folic acid
A 5-year-old child presents with
abdominal distension, abdominal cramps,
and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after
drinking milk. Described symptoms are
caused by the lack of enzymes that break
up:
Lactose
Glucose
Maltose
Saccharose
Fructose
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
Albumine, blood serum proteins,
and gastric juice pepsin consist of
macromolecules of polypeptide chains
that are joined with hydrogen bonds into
hydrophilic spheres. These proteins are
named:
During ultrasound investigation a
patient was diagnosed with bilateral
renal artery stenosis of atherosclerotic
genesis. Specify the bioactive substance
that due to its excessive secretion is the
key component of arterial hypertension
pathogenesis in the given case:
A patient has been receiving
Theophylline - inhibitor of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate phosphodiesterase for a week. What hormone can increase
its action due to such treatment and cause
hyperglycemia?
Globular
Fibrillar
Structural
Synthetic
Artificial
Renin
Cortisol
Vasopressin
Noradrenaline
Thyroxin
Glucagon
Testosterone
Aldosterone
Insulin
Estradiol
In a patient in the course of the clinical and
laboratory investigation in gastric juice a compound
was detected, suggesting a malignant tumor in
stomach. This compound may be:
Lactic acid
Pepsin
Pepsinogen
Rennin
Castle intrinsic
factor
In a child, consuming a meal of plant origin Essential amino
exclusively after some period a growth retardation, acids
anemia and kidney impairment were observed. The
cause of this state is deficiency in diet of the next
nutrients:
In a patient an insufficiency of enzyme production Rennin
in gastric mucosa was recognized. The investigation
of what enzyme will be not informative in gastric
diseases in adults?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Mineral
macroelements
Carotene
Pepsin A
Uropepsin
Gastricsin
Pepsin B
An inborn baby after feeding with breast milk
manifested dyspepsia, vomiting. These symptoms
disappeared after feeding with glucose solution. The
lack of what enzyme, participating in carbohydrates
digestion, causes these disturbances?
Maltase
Sucrase
Amilase
Isomaltase
Lactase
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of Tryptophan
urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and
hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of
the following amino acid in the organism:
Alanine
Histidine
Methionine
Tyrosine
Glutamate decarboxylation results in formation of GABA
inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:
Glutathione
Histamine
Serotonin
Asparagine
Biochemical function of glutathion in an organism
is connected with reduction and detoxification of
organic peroxides. During an interaction of
glutathion with hydroperoxides harmless organic
alcohols are formed with subsequent further
oxidation. Indicate an amino acid composing
glutathion.
In experimental animals hold prolonged time on
protein free diet, a fat degeneration of liver has been
developed. The possible cause may be insufficiency
of methylating agents. Indicate an amino acid, donor
of methyl groups
A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was
admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high
production of serotonin. It is known that this
substance is formed of tryptophane aminooacid.
What biochemical mechanism underlies this
process?
A patient with a cranial trauma manifests repeated
epileptoid seizures. The biosynthesis of what
biogenic amine is disturbed in this clinical situation?
Glutamate
Valine
Lysine
Isoleucine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Lysine
Cysteine
Arginine
Decarboxylation
Desamination
Microsomal
oxydation
Transamination
Formation
paired
compounds
GABA
Histamine
Adrenaline
Serotonin
Dopamine
Deamination of amino
acids.
Transamination
of amino acids.
Oxidation of
amino acids.
Reductive
animation.
Biogenic amines, namely histamine, serotonin, Decarboxylation
dopamine etc., are very active substances that affect of amino acids.
markedly various physiological functions of the
organism. What biochemical process is the principal
pathway for biogenic amines production in body
tissues?
of
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
In psychiatric practice, biogenic amines and their GABA.
derivatives arc used for the treatment of certain
diseases of the central nervous system. Name the
substance of the mentioned below biochemical class
which acts as an inhibitory mediator.
In human body are synthesized 10 amino acids only Tyrosine
from 20 ones needed for protein biosynthesis. What
amino acid from listed below is produced in human
body?
Histamine.
Serotonin.
Dopamine.
Taurine.
Histidine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amine is Histamine
formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect.
Name it:
Serotonin
Dioxyphenylala
nine
Noradrenalin
Dopamine
In clinical practice for parentheral nutrition a protein Aspartate
hydrolysate is used. Amino acid constituents of such
hydrolysate were separated with the aid of paper
chromatography into acidic and basic. Chose an
acidic amino acid from listed below:
One of the forms of innate human pathology is Phenylpyruvate.
accompanied by the blockage of the conversion of
phenylalanine into tyrosine. The biochemical
manifestation of the disease is the accumulation of
certain organic acids in the organism including
The signs of skin depigmentation of a 19-year-old Tyrosine.
patient are caused by the disorder of melanin
synthesis. The disturbance of the metabolism of
what amino acid is it caused by?
Threonine
Serine
Glycine
Lysine
Citrate.
Pyruvate.
Lactate.
Glutamate.
Tryptophan.
Histamine.
Proline.
Lysine.
A 7-year-old child was admitted to an emergency Decarboxylation.
clinic in the state of allergic shock provoked by a
wasp sting. High concentration of histamine was
determined in the patient's blood. Which
biochemical reaction leads to the production of this
amine?
During hypersensitivity test a patient got Decarboxylation
subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused
reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of
histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated
as a result of transformation of the following
histidine amino acid:
Hydroxylation.
Dehydration.
Deamination.
Reduction
Methylation
Phosphorylation
Isomerization
Deaminization
204
According to clinical indications a patient was Transamination
administered pyridoxal phosphate. What processes and
is this medication intended to correct?
decarboxylation
of aminoacids
Oxidative
decarboxylation
ketonic acids
Putrescin
Scatole
205
Production of some toxic substances in large
intestines occurs due to decarboxylation of some
amino acids. Indicate, what substance is produced
from ornithine?
A newborn child rejects breast feeding, he is
restless, his breathing is unrhythmical, and the urine
has a specific smell of beer ferment or maple syrup.
The innate defect of what enzyme causes this
pathology?
Under alcaptonuria, the excessive quantity of
homogentisate was found in the patient’s urine (the
urine darkens in the air). The innate defect of what
enzyme is apparent?
13 years old patient complains of general weakness,
dizziness,
fatigue.Besides
this
mental
underdevelopement is observed. Laboratory
investigations revealed high content of valine,
isoleucine and leucine in urine, which has a
characteristic odor. What is the most probable cause
of this condition?
In a young child besides other clinical symptoms the
sharp darkening of urine after standing in open air
was revealed. Blood and urine examination detected
the presence of homogentisic acid. What is the most
probable cause of disease?
An infant shows the darkening of scleras, mucous
membranes. The excreted urine darkens in tin air,
homogentistic acid is determined both in the blood
and urine. What is the diagnosis?
Maple
syndrome
206
207
208
209
210
211
Desamination of Synthesis
of Protein
of purine
purine
and synthesis
nucleotide
pyrimidine bases
Indole
Cadaverine
Urea
Dehydrogenase
Glucose-6-phosphate
of branched-chan dehydrogenase
α-keto acids.
Glycerol kinase.
Aspartate
aminotransferase.
Tyrosine
aminotransferas
e
Homogentisate
oxidase.
Tyrosinase.
Phenylalanine-4monooxygenase.
Tyrosine
aminotransferas
e
Phenylketonuria
Porphyria
Hyperuricemia
(gout)
Alanine
aminotransferase.
syrup Cystinosis
Alkaptonuria
Porphyria
Albinism
Cystinuria
Hemolytic
anemia
Alkaptonuria.
Albinism.
Cystinuria.
Porphyria.
Hemolytic
anemia.
Alanine metabolism
Urea synthesis
Uric
synthesis
In two years old boy suffering from alkaptonuria Thyrosine
urine became black after standing. This disease is metabolism
hereditary disorder of:
acid Cystein
metabolism
215
Laboratory analysis of the urine of a six-day
infant displayed excessive concentration of
phenylpyruvate and phenylacetate. Metabolism
of what amino acid is disturbed in the body of
this child?
In experimental animals helded prolonged time on
protein free diet, a fat degeneration of liver has been
developed. The possible cause may be insufficiency
of methylating agents. Indicate an amino acid, donor
of methyl groups:
A 9-year-old boy was brought to a hospital with
signs of mental and physical retardation. A
biochemical blood test revealed the increased level
of phenylalanine. The blockage of what, enzyme
can result in such state of the patient?
Which of the following enzymes catalyses reactions
in the biosynthesis of both catecholamines and
indoleamines (serotonin)?
216
In a patient suffering from liver cirrhosis a decrease Disorder of urea Absense of alanine Deficiency
of Deficiency
in urea concentration in blood serum was detected. synthesis in liver aminotransferase
ammonia
for CO2 for
This may be caused by:
activity in hepatocytes urea synthesis
synthesis
212
213
214
Phenylalanine.
Tryptophan.
Methionine.
Histidine.
Arginine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Lysine
Cysteine
Arginine
Phenylalanine-4monooxygenase.
Homogentisate
oxidase.
Glutamine
transaminase.
Aspartate
aminotransferase.
Glutamate
decarboxylase.
Aromatic amino Dopamine
acid
hydroxylase
decarboxylase
amino Lipids
β- Phenylethanola
Tryptophan
mine
N- hydroxylase
methyltransferas
e
Carbohydrates
Tyrosine
hydroxylase
of Excess
of
urea ammonia
blocking
enzymes of urea
synthesis
Mineral
Carotene
macroelements
217
In a child, consuming meal of plant origin for a Essential
prolong time, growth retardation, anemia, liver and acids
kidney impairment were observed. The cause of
such state is deficiency in diet of the next nutrients:
Lysine.
Proline.
Histidine.
Alanine.
218
Ammonia is a very poisonous chemical, especially Glutamic acid.
for the nervous system. What substance takes a
particularly active part in the detoxification of
ammonia in the brain tissue?
Albinism.
Galactosemia.
Cystinuria.
Histidinemia.
219
A newborn child has dark coloring of scleras and Alcaptonuria.
mucous membranes. The excreted urine darkens in
the air. Laboratory tests of blood and urine have
revealed the occurrence of homogentisic acid. What
can the cause of this state be?
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
Under the repeated action of ultraviolet rays, skin Activation
darkens because of the synthesis of melanin which tyrosinase.
protects cells from damage. The principal
mechanism of this defence reaction is:
of Inhibition
tyrosinase.
A mother of a 5-year-old child has noticed that the Homohentisate
child's urine is too dark. The child does not have any oxidase.
complaints. Bile pigments are not present in the
urine. The diagnosis of alcaptonuria is set. The
deficiency of what enzyme is observed in this case?
A citrulline and a high level of ammonia are Urea.
determined in the urine of a newborn child. The
formation of what substance is the most credible to
be disturbed?
A 13-year-old patient complains of general
weakness, rapid fatigue. There is retardation in his
mental development. Laboratory investigation
revealed high concentrations of valine, isoleucine
and leucine in his blood and urine. The urine has a
specific smell. What can the cause of such state be?
A ten-month-old child, whose parents are darkhaired, is fair-haired, fair-complexioned, and blueeyed. The neonate seemed to be healthy, but during
the last three months the cerebral circulation
disorder and the retardation of mental development
appeared. The cause of such state is:
Affected by ultraviolet radiation, human skin
darkens, which is a protective reaction of the
organism. What protective substance, namely amino
acid derivative, is synthesized in the cells under
these conditions?
In a child with functional disorders of central
nervous system during biochemical investigation
were detected hyperammonemia. Preliminary
diagnosis – hereditary hyperammoniemia due to
disorder of urea synthesis. What enzymopathia can
cause this disease?
Maple
disease.
of Activation
of Inhibition
of Inhibition
of
homogentisate
homogentisate
phenylalanine
oxidase.
oxidase.
hydroxylase.
Phenylalanine
hydroxylase.
Tyrosinase.
Oxyphenyl
pyruvate oxidase.
Decarboxylase
of
phenylpynivate
Uric acid.
Ammonia.
Creatinine.
Creatine.
Tyrosinosis.
Histidinemia.
Diffuse
goiter.
syrup Addison's disease.
toxic
Phenylketonuria.
Galactosemia.
Glycogenosis.
Acute porphyria.
Histidinemia
Melanin.
Arginine.
Methionine.
Phenylalanine.
Thyroxin.
Ornithine
transcarbamoylas
e
Gluthation transferase
Sulfotransferase
Glycyl transferase
Glucuronyl
transferase
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
The child after consumption of fresh milk developed
disorders of the digestive tract whereas consumption
of the other products, containing carbohydrates,
does not cause these symptoms. The genetically
mediated lack of what enzyme may be the reason of
these disorders?
A patient, living in the mountain region, has an
enlarged thyroid gland. This is most evidently
caused by the deficiency of the following trace
element in food:
Lactase
Phosphoglucomutase
Glycogensyntha
se
Hexokinase
Glucose-6phosphateisomerase
J
Br
F
Fe
Mn
In a patient an enhanced level of total bilirubin in
blood was detected, in urine bilirubin glucuronides
were detected, fecal stercobilin content was
decreased. What vitamins insufficiency can be
suggested in this case?
In dietary deficiency or insufficient production of
endogeneous lipotropic factors in humans is
developing fat liver degeneration. What substances
from listed below can be considered as lipotropic
factor?
A sick child manifested the enlargement of
abdomen, curvature of lower limbs, skul
enlargement, general weakness. What nutrient
insufficiency can cause the developement of such
manifestations?
A patient complains for a loss of weight, general
weakness, bleeding of gums, loosening and
hasitation and fall out of teeth. What vitamin
deficiency is observed in a patient?
B1 , B2 .
PP, C
K
H, N (lipoic acid)
B15 (pangamic
acid).
Choline
Pyridoxine
Triacylglycerols
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Vitamin D
Carbohydrates
Vitamin C
Iron
Lipids
Ascorbic acid
Pyridoxine
Phylloquinone
Cyanocobalamine
Tocoferol
The content of vitamin PP is very low in milk and
Tryptophan
eggs, never the less these products have
antipellagric action. It is caused by high content of
precursor of this vitamin in mentioned products,
namely:
In an ill child the enlargement of abdomen, Vitamin D
curvature of lower limbs, skul enlargement, general
weakness is observed. What nutrient insufficiency
can lead to the developement of such
manifestations?
A.
Riboflavin
Carbohydrates
B.
Thiamin
e
Vitamin C
C.
Iron
Adenine
D.
Lipids
GDP
A patient complains for a loss of weight, general Ascorbic acid
weakness, bleeding of gums, loosening and
hasitation and fall out of teeth. What vitamin
deficiency is observed in a patient?
Cyanocobalamine
Pyridoxine
Phylloquinone
Tocoferol
A patient complains for a loss of possibility to A
discriminate things in twilight, yet in daylight he see hypovitaminosis
normally. The cause of this can be:
A hypervitaminosis
Glucose –6phosphate
defeciency
PP
hypovitaminosis
D
hypervitaminosi
s
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
238
In a patient with frequent intraorgan and mucosal
bleeding in urine were detected proline and lysine.
Deficiency of what vitamin causes a damage of their
hydroxylation?
Hypervitaminosis D
239
In a patient were detected symptoms of skin lesions Hypovitaminosis
(dermatitis), digestive disorders (diarrhea), nerve PP
system disfunction (dementia). The cause of named
disorders can be:
Hypervitaminosi Hypovitaminosis
sA
B1
Hypovitaminosi
s B6
A patient complains for loss of apetite, fall down of Vitamin A
hair, general body exhaustion, conjunctivitis. From
an anamnesis it was recognized, that patient
consumed fish oil. Excess of what vitamin can be
suspected in this case?
After several months in polar expedition in a person Scurvy
appeared the next symptoms: bleeding of gums,
multiple tooth decay (caries), loss of hair, skin
hemorrhages, headache and general weakness. What
disease can be suggested?
In a patient with symptoms of acidosis (pH
B12
lowering in blood ) in urine was detected significant
quantity of methylmalonic acid. This is caused by
insuficiency of the next vitamin:
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin H
Vitamin D
Polyneuritis
Beri-beri
Pernicious anemia
Pellagra
B2
B5
C
D
Hydroxyproline is an essential amino acid in the
collagen structure. Which of the following
vitamins takes part in the formation of this amino
acid by the proline hydroxylation pathway?
D.
B3
B5
B1
236
237
240
241
242
243
Vitamin C
C.
Pyridoxal
kinase.
Alanine
aminotransferase.
Glutamate
dehydrogenase.
Glutamate
decarboxylase.
Glutamate
synthetase
A.
E.
С
K.
D.
A patient suffers from dermatitis, diarrhea and Nicotinamide
dementia. The absence of which vitamin is the cause
of such clinical state?
Ascorbic acid.
Folic acid.
Biotin.
Rutin.
A patient with frequent bleedings inside the internal
organs and mucous membranes was found having
proline and lysine in the collagen fibers
composition. What vitamin absence results in the
disturbance of these amino acids hydroxylation?
According to the clinical signs, pyridoxal phosphate
was prescribed to a patient. For the correction of
what biochemical processes is this drug
recommended?
C.
Е.
К.
A.
D.
Transamination
and
decarboxylation
of amino acids.
Oxidative
decarboxylation
ketoacids.
Biotin.
Folic acid.
Pantothenic
acid.
Para-amino
benzoic acid.
Vitamin C.
249
A patient was diagnosed with dermatitis as a result
of prolonged consumption of uncooked eggs. What
vitamin deficiency developed in this case?
Е avitaminosis.
B3 avitaminosis.
B2 avitaminosis.
250
There is an increase in the pyruvate level in the B1 avitaminosis.
patient's blood and urine. What kind of avitaminosis
developed in this case?
B12
avitaminosis.
Under different pathological states the level of a-Tocoferol.
active forms of oxygen rises, which results in the
destruction of cellular membranes. In order to
prevent the damage of membranes, antioxidants are
used. The most powerful natural antioxidant is:
Glucose.
Vitamin A.
Fatty acids.
Glycerol.
244
245
246
247
248
251
A child manifests epileptic seizures caused by
vitamin B6 deficiency. This is conditioned by the
decrease of the 7-aminobutyrate level in the
nervous tissue which acts as an inhibiting
neurotransmitter. The activity of which enzyme
is decreased in this case?
An ophthalmologist found that an outpatient has an
increase in the time of sight adaptation for darkness.
What kind of vitamin deficiency can be the cause of
the symptom?
Deamination of Synthesis
of amino acids.
purines
pyrimidines
of Protein
and synthesis.
Scurvy.
Pellagra.
Rachitis.
Polyneuritis
Nicotine acid,
tryptophan.
Lysine, ascorbic acid.
Threonine,
panthothenic
acid.
Methionine, lipoic Phenylalanine,
acid.
pangamic acid.
Antioxydant.
Antihemorrhagic
Antiscurving.
Antineuritic.
Antidermatitic
Noradrenalin
Ethanolamine
Triiodothyronine
Choline
255
Arachidonic acid as essential nutrient is needed for Prostaglandine E1
normal growth and developement. It is precursor of
biologically active substances. Indicate what
compounds are synthesized from arachidonic acid
Diacylglycerol
Inositol-3,4,5triphosphate
cAMP
Ca2+
256
The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory Glycerol
in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone
action. Point out the substance that is unable to be a
secondary mediator:
Testicle
Ovaries
Pancreas
Hypophysis
257
On some diseases it is observed aldosteronism with Adrenal glands
hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in
the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is
affected on aldosteronism?
252
253
254
258
259
Most participants of the round-the-world voyage of
Magellan perished from avitaminosis that was
manifested by general weakness, hypodermic
hemorrhages, loss of teeth, bleeding of gums. Name
the disease which develops as a result of this
avitaminosis.
During the patronage a doctor revealed that a child
had symmetric roughness of skin on his cheeks,
diarrhea, disturbance of nervous activity. The
deficiency of what food factors caused the
appearance of such symptoms?
The Institute of gerontology recommends the aged
people to take a complex of vitamins that contains
vitamin E. What is the basic biological action of
vitamin E?
Birmer's
anemia.
A typical symptom of cholera is body water loss and Activation
of Activation of synthesis
sodium ions loss. The biochemical mechanism of adenilate cyclase of atrial natriuretic
unfavourable action of cholera toxin consists in:
activity
of factor
enterocytes
Decrease
of Stimulation
of
synthesis
of rennin secretion
antidiuretic
by the cells of
hormone
in kidneys
hypothalamus
glomerular
arteriolae
Activated
oxidation
of
aldosterone in
the cells of
adrenal glands
A women with low arterial pressure after the Adrenaline
parenteral introduction of a certain hormone showed
the essential rise of arterial pressure as well as blood
levels of glucose and lipids. What hormone was
administered to the patient?
Glucagon
Estradiol
Insulin
Progesterone
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
Biologically active substances, especially hormones, Proopiomelanoco
are products of hydrolysis and modification of rtin (POMC)
certain proteins. From which of the listed below
proteins do lipotropin, cortcotropin, melanotropin
and endorphins appear in hypophisis?
Aspirin has antiinflammatory effect due to Prostaglandins
inhibition of the cyclooxygenase activity. Level of
what biological active acids will decrease?
Increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and
T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and
so on present on thyrotoxicosis. How do thyroidal
hormones effect energy metabolism in the
mitochondrion of cells?
Products of some proteins hydrolysis and
modification are the biologically active substances
called
hormones.
Lipotropin,
corticotropin,
melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the
hypophysis of the following protein:
Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase
pathway results in formation of some bioactive
substances. Name them:
Neuroalbumins
Neurostromin
Neuroglobulin
Thyreoglobulin
Leucotriens
Catecholamines
Biogenic amines
Iodinethyronyns
Disconnect
Activates
oxidation
and phosphorylation
oxidated
substance
phosphorylation
Stops
of phosphorylation
of substance
Stops respiratory Activates
chain
oxidated
phosphorylation
Proopiomelanoco
rtin (POMC)
Neuroalbumin
Neurostromin
Neuroglobulin
Thyreoglobulin
Prostaglandins
Thyroxine
Biogenic amins
Somatomedins
Insulin-like
growth factors
A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushing's syndrome - Gluconeogenesis
steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed:
hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the undermentioned processes is the first to be activated?
Glycogenolysis
Glucose
reabsorption
Glucose transport Glycolysis
to the cell
The patient with complaints of permanent thirst
applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and
increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the
urine were revealed. What disease is the most
likely?
Pregnant women
have a requirement in the
promoted amount of cholecalciferol; one of its
metabolite is a powerful synergist of parathormone,
which stimulates the process of bone resorbtion and
output of calcium and phosphates in blood. Name
this metabolite?
Steroid diabetes
Insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus
Myxoedema
Type I
glycogenosis
Addison's
disease
1,25Dihydroxycholec
alciferol
1hydroxycholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol
Ergocalciferol
25Hydroxycalcifer
ol
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
A woman 47 years old complains for persistent
feeling of thirst, rapid fatigue, loss of weight. Daily
diuresis is 3-4 litters. Blood glucose level is 4.8
mmoles/l, in urine there is no glucose. In this case it
is reasonable to investigate blood content of:
A 40-year-old woman suffers from Cushing's
disease, so-called steroid diabetes. Hyperglycemia
and hypochlorinemia are biochemically exposed.
Which of the following biochemical processes is
activated in the first place?
Laboratory testing of the patient's blood plasma
showed K+ level that is equal to 7.0 mM/1. What is
the possible cause of such state?
Vasopressine
Estrogens
Aldosterone
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Reabsorbtion of Transport
of Glycolysis
glucose
glucose into cells
Decrease of
aldosterone level
Increase of aldosterone
level
Decrease of
thyroid
hormones level
A patient suffering from rheumatism was
administered glucocorticoid therapy. What changes
in carbohydrate metabolism in liver can be
expected?
Stimulation
of Stimulation
gluconeogene glycogenesis
sis
A 23-year-old patient complains of a headache,
change of appearance (increase in feet and wrists
size, face features distortion). His voice grew harsh,
the memory worsened. The disease set in three years
ago without apparent causes. The analysis of the
urine is without special changes. A possible cause of
this status can be:
A 10-year-old boy was brought to a hospital for the
inspection of the cause of growth retardation. He
had grown only by three centimeters in the last two
years. What hormone's deficiency is the cause of
such state?
A 23-year-old patient complains of a headache,
change of appearance (increase in feet and wrists
size, face features distortion). His voice grew harsh,
the memory worsened. The disease set in three years
ago without apparent causes. The analysis of the
urine is without special changes. A possible cause of
this status can be:
Hyperproduction
of somatotropin
Deficiency of
glucagon
Deficiency of
thyroxine
Deficiency of
aldosterone
Hyperproductio
n of
corticosteroids
Somatotropin
Corticotropin
Gonadotropin
Thyrotropin
Parathormone
Hyperproduction
of somatotropin
Deficiency of
glucagon
Deficiency of
thyroxine
Deficiency of
aldosterone
Hyperproductio
n of
corticosteroids
of Stimulation
glycogen
hydrolysis
Cortisole
Increase of
thyroid hormones
level
Thyroxine
Increase of
sexual
hormones level
of Stimulation
of Increase
of
glycogen
glycogen
phosphorolysis
phosphorylase
activity
277
A patient complains of body weight loss, excessive
irritability, insignificant increase of temperature,
exophtalmia. Hyperglycemia and the rise of
nitrogen-containing substances in blood serum were
detected. Which is the most credible diagnosis in
this case?
Some compounds increase the permeability of
internal membranes of mitochondria for Н+, that
results in disconnection of processes of respirations
with phosphorylation and stopping of ATP
synthesis. Name this compound:
In blood of a patient a hypercalcemia,
hypophosphatemia, in urine – hyperphosphaturia is
observed. What is a possible cause of this state?
Aldosterone
Adrenalin
Cortisol
Oxytocine
278
In 13 years old girl a hypotension and polyuria is Vasopressine
observed. Preliminary diagnosis – diabetes
insipidus. It is caused by deficiency of:
Prostaglandins comprise a family of oxygenated
lipid
signaling
molecules
derived
from
polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid.
They are involved in regulating a number of cellular
processes. Some of the prostaglandins act to
increase vasodilation and levels of cAMP in cells,
whereas
others
increase
vasoand
bronchoconstriction and smooth muscle contraction.
In the conversion of arachidonic acid to
prostaglandins,
the
oxygenation
step
is
accomplished by the enzyme that synthesizes which
of the following compounds?
Signaling via prostanoids begins by interaction of
the prostanoid with its receptor. The receptor
involved is usually located in following
compartment of the cell?
Prostaglandin E2
Prostaglandin
F2α
Prostaglandin D2
Prostaglandin I2
Nucleus of a cell in a
different organ from
the cell making the
prostanoid
Endoplasmic
reticulum of the
cell making the
prostanoid
Lysosomes of a
cell circulating in
the blood
Golgi of a cell
circulating in
the blood
Insufficient synthesis
of glutamine
The decreased
synthesis of
GABA
Insufficient
ammonia
detoxification
Lactate
accumulation
275
276
279
280
281
Diffuse
goiter
toxic Neurosis
Bronzed disease
Tuberculosis of
adrenal glands
Myxedema
Thyroxine
Vasopressin
Adrenalin
Insulin
Oxytocin
Enhanced
secretion of
parathyroid
hormone
Suppression of
parathyroid hormone
synthesis
Enhanced
secretion of
calcitonine
Suppressed
calcitonine
secretion
Enhanced
thyroxine
secretion
Prostaglandin H2
Plasma
membrane of a
cell near the cell
making the
prostanoid
A patient, manifesting the memory decline after Insufficient
craniocerebral injury came to the neurologist. By production of
alteration of what biochemical process is this mediators
complaint mediated?
282
283
284
285
A patient, suffering from epilepsy, presented Glutamate
seizures. The physician administered him an amino
acid, performing important functions in brain, in
particular participating in ammonia detoxification. It
is also the source of the depressing mediator
production. What amino acid did the physician
administer to the patient?
Toxicity of ammonia is mediated by its ability to Alphaalter the tricarboxylic acids cycle in brain ketoglutarate
mitochondria. What amino acid does ammonia
exclude from the tricarboxylic acids cycle?
Tyrosine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Arginine
Succinate
Citrate
Malate
Isocitrate
Examination of the 30-year old patient evaluated the Ceruloplasmin
pathologic changes of the liver and brain. The
content of cuprum in blood was acutely decreased
and in urine increased. The preliminary diagnosis
was recognized as Wilson’s disease. The activity of
what enzyme will make possible the confirmation of
the diagnosis?
Which peptide neurotransmitter, produced in
Met-enkephaline
hypophysis through the breakdown of
highmolecular protein propiomelacortin, is bonded
with opiate receptor?
Fumarase
Carboangidrase
Xanthinoxidase
Leucine
aminopeptidase
Oxitocin
ACTH
Neurotensin
Vasopresin
Indicate the main function of scRNA.
Involved in mRNA
processing
Provides
structural
frameworks for
the ribosomes
Plays a key role in Transfers
the processing of
genetic
rRNA molecules
information
from genes to
ribosomes for
biosynthesis of
proteins
Increace of
nitrogencontaining
substances
excretion.
Decrease
pyrimidine
nucleotides
reutilization.
Involved in the
selection of
proteins for their
export
286
287
A physician prescribed allopurinol to a patient Competitive
Acceleration of
suffering from gout. What pharmacological property inhibition
of pyrimidine nucleotides
of allopurinol provides a therapeutic effect in this xanthine oxydase catabolism
case?
of Acceleration of
nucleic
acids
biosynthesis
288
In a child a physical and mental underdevelopment Pyrimidine
is observed. In urine is excreted large quantity of nucleotides
orotic acid. This hereditary disease is a result of the synthesis
next metabolic disorder:
Pyrimidine nucleotides
breakdown
Purine
nucleotides
synthesis
Purine
nucleotides
breakdown
Ornithine cycle
of urea
production
Injections of adenosine
289
In one month old child an enhanced content of Injections of
orotic acid in urine is detected, a child has uridine
diminished weight gain. What treatment must be
undertaken in order to correct metabolic disorders?
Injections of
guanosine
Injections of
thymidine
Injections of
histidine
The decrease of uric acid concentration and the Xanthine oxydase
accumulation of xanthine and hvpoxanthine were
found in the blood of a 12-year-old boy. The genetic
defect of the synthesis of what enzyme does it
testifies to?
RNA of AIDS virus invaded leukocyte and caused Reversed
production of viral DNA in a cell with the aid of the transcription
enzyme revertase. This is based on the next process:
Arginase
Urease
Ornithine
carbamoyl
transferase
Glycerol kinase
Operone activation
Operone
repression
Convariant
replication
Reversed
translation
Into human body were incorporated mercury ions. Metallothioneine
This led to the increase in rate of transcription of the
gene, responsible for detoxification of heavy metals.
What protein gene amplification is in the
background of this process?
Oncology patient was administered an antitumor Dihydrofolate
drug – metothrexate. After some period tumor cells reductase
lost sensitivity to this drug. What gene amplification
caused this effect?
Ceruloplasmin
Interferone
Transferrin
Ferritin
Glutathion reductase
Thioredoxine
reductase
Ribonucleitide
reductase
Methemoglobin
reductase
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
For identification of father of a child is used the next
analytical technique:
Polymerase chain Northern blot analysis
reaction (PCR)
Restriction
DNA fingerprint Southern
fragmrnt length analysis
analysis
polymorphism
analysis
blot
In oncology patients prolong application of Gene mutation
antitumor drugs induce appearance of resistance of
target cells to this drugs. What process is
responsible for this effect?
Gene recombination
Gene
modification
Gene expression
Gene
amplification
In a patient was recognized endemic goiter. What Iodination
type of post-translational modification of
thyroglobuline is damaged in a patient?
Phosphorylation
Methylation
Acetylation
Glycosylation
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
A 50-year-old patient is diagnosed with gout and Purines
there is hyperuricemia in his blood. The metabolism
of what substances is disturbed?
Fats
Amino acids
Carbohydrates
Parents of a 5-year-old child consulted a doctor.
Examination of the child discovered retardation in
mental development and growth, as well as a
basement of the child's agility. The basal
metabolism is lowered. What disease does the child
suffer from?
A 65-year-old man, suffering from gout, complains
of pains in the area of kidneys. Ultrasonic inspection
revealed the presence of stones inside the kidneys.
Which biochemical process is the main cause of
kidney stones formation?
In a man 45 years old, suffering from gout,
increased concentration of uric acid in blood was
observed.
For
treatment
allopurinol
was
administered, which is a competitive inhibitor of
the following enzyme:
A 72 years old woman complains on pains in joints,
restriction of movement in joints. The joints are
swollen, looking as enlarged knots. In blood and
urine an increased concentration of uric acid is
detected. What disease is characterized by these
symptoms?
If a double-stranded DNA molecule undergoes two
rounds of replication in an in vitro system that
contains all of the necessary enzymes and
nucleoside triphosphates that have been labeled with
32P, which of the following best describes the
distribution of radioactivity in the four resulting
DNA molecules?
A physician recommended a patient, who suffered
from ulcer of duodenum, to drink daily juices made
of cabbage and potatoe. What substances
contributing to the prophylaxis and cicatrization of
ulcers do these vegetables contain?
Lesch-Nyhan
syndrome
Cretinism
Phenylketonuria
Hyperparathyroidi Endemic goiter
sm
Degradation of
purine
nucleotides
Catabolism of proteins
Ornithine cycle
Degradation of
heme
Reduction of
cysteine
Xanthine oxidase
Adenosine deaminase
Hypoxanthine
phosphoribosyl
transferase
Guanine
deaminase
Adenin
phosphoribosyl
transferase
Gout
Pellagra
Alkaptonuria
Thyrosinosis
Liver cirrhosis
Two
of
the
molecules contain
radioactivity in
both strands
Exactly one of the Exactly one of
molecules
contains the molecules
radioactivity in only contains
no
one strand
radioactivity
Three of the
molecules contain
radioactivity
in
both strands
All
four
molecules
contain
radioactivity in
only one strand
Vitamin U.
Panthothenic acid.
Vitamin B6.
Vitamin K.
Vitamin C.
Pyrimidines
Insufficiency of lipids Disturbance of
in food.
insertion
of
vitamin D3 into
the molecule of
enzyme.
C.
A.
Increased
consumption of
vitamin D3 by
microorganisms
of intestines.
P.
Disturbance
vitamin
transport by
proteins
blood.
D.
After the resection of a 2/3 part of the stomach, the B12
amount of erythrocytes in the blood of a patient has
decreased, their volume has multiplied, and the level
of hemoglobin has decreased. The deficiency of
what vitamin causes such changes of blood
contents?
The simultaneous disorder of the human Vitamin E.
reproductive function and the dystrophy of skeletal
muscles are caused by the deficiency of:
C.
P.
PP
D.
Vitamin A.
Vitamin K.
Vitamin D.
Vitamin B6.
B12.
B3.
B8.
B5.
308
For diagnostics of certain illnesses the B6.
determination of blood transaminases activity is
required. Which vitamin is a component of the
cofactors of the enzymes?
Respiratory alkalosis
309
An examination of a
patient
revealed Metabolic
hyperglycemia, ketonuria, polyuria, and glycosuria. acidosis
What type of disorder of acid-base balance is
observed in this case?
Metabolic
alkalosis
Respiratory
acidosis
Acid
phosphatase,
LDH5, LDH4
ALT, aldolase,
LDH4
310
Patient complains of pain behind the sternum, AST,
creatine α-fetoprotein, aldolase,
sweating and increased heart rate. Which of the kinase, LDH1
creatine kinase
following enzymes should be determined in his
blood to confirm the diagnosis of myocardial
infarction?
304
305
306
307
The treatment of a child, who suffers from rickets, Disturbance of
with vitamin D3 proved to be unsuccessful. Which is hydroxylation of
the most likely cause of treatment inefficiency?
vitamin D3
After prolonged treatment of a patient with B6.
antibiotics,
the
suppression
of
intestinal
microorganisms
occurred.
What
kind
of
hypovitaminosis can resuit from this treatment?
Amylase,
alkaline
phosphatase,
ALT
of
D3
the
of
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
311
Patient was transported to the clinic with inherited Antihemophilic
hemophilia A, which is manifested in prolonged globulin A
bleeding. The cause of hemophilia A might be a
deficiency of:
Antihemophilic
globulin B
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi complex
312
In the blood serum of a patient a marked decrease of Granular
albumins and fibrinogens levels were detected. endoplasmic
Which organelles’ activity of liver hepatocytes is reticulum
reduced?
C reactive protein
Transferrin
Cryoglobulin
313
Ionized copper was observed in the urine of a Ceruloplasmin
patient, as well as its delay in several organs and
tissues. Biosynthesis of what protein is abolished?
314
Examination of a child revealed staphylococcus Identification of
infection. What changes in protein composition in C - reactive
blood are the most typical for this condition?
protein
Decreasing of the Decreasing of Increased albumin Decreasing of
amount of albumins
the amount of content
the amount of
fibrinogen
ceruloplasmin
Metabolic
acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic
alkalosis
Respiratory
alkalosis
Respiratory
alkalosis
316
Laboratory analysis revealed low blood pH value,
low concentration of hydrogen carbonate (alkaline
reserve of blood), increased content of lactic and
pyruvic acids in blood and urine. What type of the
acid-alkaline balance is disturbed?
Examination of a patient revealed a nephrotic
syndrome. What changes in protein fractions of
blood are expected?
Decreased
concentration of
albumines
Decreased
concentration of α1globulins
Increased
concentration of
β-globulins
Decreased
concentration of
γ-globulins
Increased
concentration of
α2-globulins
Hypoxic
Circulatory
Respiratory
Tissue
317
As a result of cyanide poisoning blockade of tissue Hemic
enzymes (cytochromes) occurs. What type of
hypoxia might be observed in these conditions?
In a child during the first three months after birth a Hemoglobin A
severe form of hypoxia was indicated. The reason
for this might be a disorder of the replacement of
fetal hemoglobin to:
Methemoglobin
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin M
Disorders of primary structure of the protein lead to Chromatography
changes in its physicochemical and functional
properties. Which of the above methods might be
used for identification of abnormal hemoglobins?
Hydrolysis
Electrophoresis
Ultracentrifugatio
n
X-ray analysis
315
318
319
Haptoglobin
In a patient with glomerulonephritis a nitrogenemia Urea
is observed. What substance makes the greatest
contribution to the rest nitrogen?
Amino acids
Creatinin
Uric acid
Ammonia salts
Liver
Stomach
Spleen
Intestines
321
According to blood analysis of the patient the rest Kidneys
nitrogen consists 48 mmols/l, urea – 15.3 mmols/l.
What organ disease may cause such results of
laboratory investigation?
AlAT (GPT)
AsAT (GOT)
Gamma-amylase
322
Ambulance delivered a patient to the hospital with a Alpha-amylase
preliminary diagnosis “acute pancreatitis”. What
enzyme activity must be estimated in blood and
urine in order to support this diagnosis?
Lactate
dehydrogenase
In diagnostics of myocardial infarction the next H4
isoform of lactate dehydrogenase in blood has
diagnostic significance:
H3M (iso 2)
H2M2 (iso 3)
HM3 (iso 4)
M4
In a patient with symptoms of enhanced blood Antithrombin III
coagulability
(thromboses,
thrombophlebitis)
heparin was injected, never the less coagulation was
not inhibited. What protein factor deficiency of
anticoagulant system may exists in a patient?
Which of the following drugs would be best to use Heparin
on a patient who has just had a heart attack?
 2-Macroglobulin
I –inhibitor of
proteinases
Antithromboplasti
ne
Anticonvertin
Tissue plasminogen
activator
Dicoumarol
Warfarin
Thrombin
Which of the following immunoglobulins is a IgA
secretory component of saliva and inhibits the
adsorption of bacteria on tooth enamel?
IgM
IgD
Patient with the symptoms of the increased blood Antithrombin III
coagulation (thromboses, thrombophlebitis) was
treated parenterally with an anticoagulant – heparin.
However the speed blood coagulation did not
decreased. The deficit of what protein factor of the
anticoagulation system of blood is observed?
α2-macroglobulin
α1-inhibitor of
proteinases
320
323
324
325
326
327
(iso 1)
IgG
(iso 5)
IgE
Antithromboplasti
n
Anticonvertin
Potassium oxalate
328
In the patients blood there was detected certainly Heparin
high activity of protrombin that is the threat of
vessels thrombosis. What preparation should be
used in this case?
Radioimmune analysis
329
During the test on AIDS there were got two PCR
positive results of imunoenzyme analysis (IEA).
What method might be used for the exception of
pseudopositive result got with IEA?
In fecal masses of newborn child consuming a High content of
natural feeding high content of IgA was detected. IgA in mother’s
This condition depends from:
milk
Increased synthesis of Decreased
IgA
synthesis of IgM
330
331
Patient was transported to the clinic with suspicion
on the myocardial infarction. For the prophylaxis of
thrombogenesis he was prescribed a preparation of
fibrinolysine
(plazmin),
which
catalyze
transformation of?
Streptokinase as a medical preparation is used for
revascularization of occluded by thrombus blood
vessels. It possesses the following biological
activity:
Fibrine
peptides
into Fibrinogen into fibrin
Luminescence
analysis
Sodium oxalate
Ethylene
diamine
acetate
tetra
Immunofluoresce
nce
Molecular
hybridization
Decreased
synthesis of IgD
Increased
synthesis of IgA
and IgM
Protrombin into Proconvertin into Plasminogen
trombin
convertin
into plasmin
Arrests the
polymerization of
fibrin monomers
Inhibits cross
linking of fibrin
filaments
Dissolves fibrin
filaments by
proteolysis
Inhibits the
activity of
thrombin
In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis
activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was
detected. What disease can be considered?
Cholestasis
Chronic
hepatitis
Malignant tumors
Insecticide
poisoning
Blood plasma proteins of a healthy person were γ–Globulin
resolved by electrophoresis at pH 8,6 into several
fractions. What fraction possesses the greatest
electrophoretic mobility in indicated conditions?
α–Globulin
β–Globulin
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Albumin
βGlobulin
γGlobulin
335
In acute phase of pneumonia an increase in αGlobulin
proportion of the next protein fraction in blood
serum can be observed:
Immunoglobulin
D
336
39 years old man was admitted into hospital with Decrease in
symptoms of nephrotic syndrome. What changes in
albumin
blood proteins caused tissue swelling?
content
Decrease in 1globulin content
Increase in globulins
content
Decrease inglobulin content
Increase in 2globulins
content.
332
333
334
Activates
plasminogen
Sodium citrate
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
In diagnostics of an acute viral hepatitis estimation Alanyl
of the next enzymatic activity in blood serum is the aminotransferase
most valuable:
Glutathion peroxidase
Creatine kinase
Amylase
Alkaline
phosphatase
In rickets the next enzyme activity is highly Alkaline
elevated in blood serum:
phosphatase
Aldolase
Alanyl
aminotransferas
e
Amylase
Lactate
dehydrogenase
In prostatic carcinoma marked increase in activity of Acid phosphatase
the next enzyme in blood serum is observed:
Aldolase
Alanyl
aminotransferas
e
Lactate
dehydrogenase
Alkaline
phosphatase
In mumps the next enzyme activity is highly Amylase
elevated in blood serum:
Aldolase
Alanyl
aminotransferas
e
Lactate
dehydrogenase
Alkaline
phosphatase
A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and
liver biopsy revealed a significant excess of
glycogen. Glucose concentration in the blood stream
is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose
concentration?
Low
(absent) Low (absent) activity
activity
of of hexokinase
glycogene
phosphorylase in
liver
High activity of
glycogen
synthetase
In neonates after birth during 5-6 days develops UDP-glucuronyl
jaundice. The cause of this disorder is insufficient transferase
activity of the following enzyme:
Porphobilinogen
synthase
Low (absent)
Deficit of a gene
activity of glucose that is
6-phosphatase
responsible for
synthesis of
glucose 1phosphaturidine
transferase
Aminolevulinate Heme oxygenase
Biliverdin
synthease
reductase
In blood of a patient was found an increased content D, K, A
of total bilirubin, in urea were detected bilirubin
diglucuronides, absence of stercobilin in feces
(acholic stool). What vitamins deficiency can be
developed i9n this special case?
In a patient was recognized congenital liver disease, Crigler-Najjar
which is accompanied with high bilirubinemia due syndrome
to increase in free (nonconjugated) bilirubin. In liver
biopsia was detected trace activity of glucuronyl
transferase. What disease can be recognized?
B1, B2, B6.
PP, C, U
Biothin and lipoic
acid (vitamin N)
B1 (pangamic
acid).
Gilbert syndrome
Physiological
jaundice
Dubin-Johnson
syndrome
Wilson disease
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has
repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness,
convulsions.
Examination
revealed
hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes
of biochemical blood indices of this child?
A patient suffering from rheumatism was
administered glucocorticoids therapy. What changes
in carbohydrate metabolism in liver can be
expected?
Disorder
of Activated processes of Disorder
of
ammonia
aminoacids
biogenic amines
neutralization in decarboxylation
neutralization
ornithinic cycle
Increased
purtefaction
proteins
intestines
Stimulation of
gluconeogenesis
Stimulation
of Increase
of
glycogen
glycogen
phosphorolysis
phosphorylase
activity
Stimulation
glycogenesis
A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark- Unconjugated
yellow feces. What substance will have bilirubin
strengthened concentration in the blood serum?
Conjugated bilirubin
A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis
developed jaundice. Her urine became dark-yellow
and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have
the highest concentration of the following
substance:
A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis.
Now there are such clinical presentations as
vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood
analysis revealed hyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of
which biochemical process caused such pathological
condition of the patient?
A newborn child was found to have reduced
intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia.
Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of
citrulline. What metabolic process is disturbed?
Conjugated
bilirubin
of Stimulation of
glycogen
hydrolysis
Verdoglobin
Biliverdin
Unconjugated bilirubin Biliverdin
Mesobilirubin
Urobilinogen
Disturbed
neutralization of
ammonia in liver
Disturbed
neutralization of
biogenic amines
Increased
putrefaction of
proteins in
bowels
Activation of
aminoacid
decarboxylation
Inhibition of
transamination
enzymes
Ornithinic cycle
Tricarboxylic acid
cycle
Glycolysis
Cori cycle
Glyconeogenesi
s
Hepatic jaundice
Posthepatic
jaundice
Tumor
of Addison’s
pancreas
and disease
occlusion of bile
duct
Hepatic
Prehepatic
jaundice
Jaundice of
neonates type
In a patient with jaundice it was detected a block in Prehepatic
transformation
of
bilirubin
to
bilirubin jaundice
diglucuronide. The concentration of indirect
bilirubin in blood was markedly increased. What
pathology can be suggested in a patient?
In 35 years old patient a jaundice was revealed, as Post-hepatic
well as fever, bradycardia. Laboratory investigation
revealed increase in direct and indirect bilirubin,
appearance of direct bilirubin and bile acids in
urine, missing of stercobilinogen in feces. What
type of jaundice can be expected?
Mesobilirubin
Inhibited
of activity
of
in transamination
enzymes
Gilbert disease
Investigation of patient indicated on inflammatory
processes in gall bladder, alteration of colloidal
stability and high risk of bile stones formation.
What substance from listed below favors the
formation of bile stones?
In 14 years old patient a hereditary liver pathology
was expected. It was detected high content of direct
bilirubin in blood, deposition of melanin in liver due
to alteration of bilirubin excretion to bile by liver
cells. This state is characteristic to the next disease:
A man is resting after intensive physical effort.
Which from different pathways of glucose
metabolism is the most active at this time?
Cholesterol
Urates
Phosphates
Oxalates
Lecithine
Dubin-Johnson
syndrome
Crigler-Najjar
syndrome
Gilbert disease
Physiological
jaundice
Wilson disease
Gluconeogenesis
from lactate
Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of
glycogen to
glucose
Gluconeogenesi
s from amino
acids
Inhibition of
protein synthesis
Detoxification
function
Excretory
function
Production of bile
Secretion of
lipoproteins to
blood
A. Alteration of
357
In a patient suffering from liver cirrhosis
concentration of albumin in blood plasma is 15 g/l
(normal value 32-55 g/l), prothrombine test – 40
seconds (normal value – 12-20 sec.). To what
functional disorder in liver indicate these changes?
In a patient with toxic damage of liver was revealed
low concentration of urea in blood plasma. The
cause of this may be the next:
Absence of alanil
aminotransgferase in
liver cells
Deficiency in
blood ammonia
concentration
Deficiency of
CO2 and
restriction of urea
synthesis
Hypopotassemia
Hyperpotassemi
a
Hypocupremia
358
After prolong vomiting and diarrhea in a patient is Hypomagnesemia
observed tachycardia, skin dryness, muscular
hypotonia and apathia. Such state can be caused by:
Excess of
ammonia, which
inhibits
enzymes of urea
synthesis
Hypercupremia
359
What disorders of water and mineral metabolism Hypoosmolar
can be expected in a worker, having a job in hot dehydration
conditions?
Hyperosmolar
dehydration
Cellular
hyperhydration
Extracellular
hyperhydration
Isotonic
hyperhydration
In a patient after thyroid gland surgery cramps and
convulsions
appeared,
hyperreflexia
and
hyperexcitability were observed. Preliminary
diagnosis is hypocalcaemia, which may be caused
by:
Hyperparathyreosis
due to tumor
developement from
cells of parathyroid
gland
Overdose of
vitamin E
Overdose of
vitamin D
Insulin
insufficiency
353
354
355
356
360
ornithine cycle of
urea synthesis
Hypoparathyreosi
s, induced by
extirpation of
parathyroid
glands
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
In a patient a development of calcium deposits in
soft tissues, stones in urinary ducts are observed.
Preliminary diagnosis is hypercalcemia, which may
be caused by:
Hyperparathyreos
is due to tumor
development
from cells of
parathyroid
glands
Vitamin D deficiency
Hypoparathyreo
sis, induced by
injury of
parathyroid
glands during
thyroid gland
surgery
Insulin
insufficiency
Insulin
overproduction
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman
contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of
phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is
necessary to change content of these mineral
substances in the following way:
A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was
treated with diuretics. There appeared serious
muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, AP- 100/60
mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by
intensified excretion with urine of:
A 50-year-old patient complains about general
weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The
patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid
paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the
bowels. Such condition might be caused by:
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman
contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of
phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is
necessary to change content of these mineral
substances in the following way:
In a patient after thyroid gland surgery crumps and
convulsions
appeared,
hyperreflexia
and
hyperexcitability were observed. Preliminary
diagnosis is hypocalcemia, which may be caused
by:
To increase
phosphorus
content
To increase calcium
content
To reduce
fluorine content
To increase iron
content
To reduce iron
content
Potassium
Sodium
Chlorine
Calcium
Phosphates
Hypokaliemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hyperkaliemia
Hypophosphatemi
a
Hyponatremia
To increase
phosphorus
content
To increase calcium
content
To
reduce To increase iron To reduce iron
fluorine content content
content
Hypoparathyreosi
s, induced by
extirpation of
parathyroid
glands
Hyperparathyreosis
due to tumor
developement from
cells of parathyroid
gland
Overdose of
vitamin E
Overdose
vitamin
Hypopotassemia
Hyperpotassemi
a
Hypocupremia
After prolong vomiting and diarrhea in a patient is Hypomagnesemia
observed tachycardia, skin dryness, muscular
hypotonia, apathia. Such state can be caused by:
of Insulin
insufficiency
Hypercupremia
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
In a patient a development of calcium deposits in
soft tissues, stones in urinary ducts are observed.
Preliminary diagnosis is hypercalcemia, which may
be caused by:
Hyperparathyreos
is due to tumor
development
from cells of
parathyroid
glands
Hypoparathyreosis,
induced by injury of
parathyroid glands
during thyroid gland
surgery
Vitamin
deficiency
A 50-year-old patient complains about general
weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The
patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid
paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the
bowels. Such condition might be caused by:
In a patient a development of calcium deposits in
soft tissues, stones in urinary ducts are observed.
Preliminary diagnosis is hypercalcemia, which may
be caused by:
Hypokaliemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypoproteinemi
a
Hyperparathyreos
is due to tumor
development
from cells of
parathyroid
glands
Hypoparathyreosis,
induced by injury of
parathyroid glands
during thyroid gland
surgery
Vitamin
deficiency
A 50-year-old patient complains about general
weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The
patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid
paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the
bowels. Such condition might be caused by:
A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was
treated with diuretics. There appeared serious
muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, AP100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused
by intensified excretion with urine of:
Patient N. was admitted to clinic with complaints
for pains in renal areas. The most informative
biochemical indexes for evaluation of kidney
functional state is determination of:
Hypokaliemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypoproteinemi
a
Hyperkaliemia
Hyponatremia
Potassium
Sodium
Chlorine
Calcium
Phosphates
Creatine in blood Creatinine in blood
serum and in serum and in urine
urine
Urine of a patient in reaction with iron chloride Homogentisic
gives purple-red coloration, by exposure on air is acid
quiqely darkening. Patient complains for pains in
junctions. What substance metabolism is impaired
in this case?
Para-aminobenzoic
acid
D Insulin
insufficiency
Hyperkaliemia
D Insulin
insufficiency
Insulin
overproduction
Hyponatremia
Insulin
overproduction
Creatinine in red Creatine in red
blood cells and
blood cells and in
in blood plasma plasma
Creatine and
creatinine in
blood plasma.
δ–
Aminolevulinic
acid
Fumarylacetoac
etic acid
Pangamic acid
Alanine metabolism
Urea synthesis
375
In 15 years old boy, suffering from alkaptonuria, Tyrosine
urine after standing changes to a black color. This metabolism
disease is hereditary disorder of:
Uric acid
biosynthesis
Cysteine
metabolism
Arginase
376
In urine of patient M. a high content of Argininosuccinat
argininosuccinate is detected. What enzyme e lyase
deficiency exists in a body?
Argininosuccina
te synthetase
Carbamoyl
phosphate
synthetase
Tryptophan-5monooxygenase
Arginase
377
In a patient argininemia and argininuria is observed. Glutamate
Urea content in blood and in urine is decreased. dehydrogenase
What enzyme deficiency has a place?
Ornithine
carbamoyl
transferase
Argininosuccinate
synthetase
Tryptophan-5monooxygenase
65 years old man , suffering from gout, complains Bilirubin
for pains in kidney area. In course of ultrasound
diagnostics renal stones were detected.. Increased
concentration of what substance is the most
probable cause of stones formation in this case?
In patient S. blood glucose level is over the renal Diabetes mellitus
threshold, polyuria is observed, as well as acidosis
and ketonuria. What pathological state can be
suggested?
Uric acid
Urea
Cystine
Cholesterol
Hypercorticism
Starvation
Addison disease
Hyperthyreosis
In 13 years old girl a hypotension and polyuria is Vasopressine
observed. Preliminary diagnosis – diabetes
insipidus. It is caused by deficiency of:
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Adrenalin
Oxytocine
In diabetes mellitus and during starvation an Acetyl-CoA
increase of ketone bodies in blood and in urine is
observed. Chose the substance from which ketone
bodies are produced:
Citrate
Succinyl CoA
Α-Ketoglutarate
Malate
Excretion of ammonium cation with urine is
increased in the next condition:
Respiratory alkalosis
Hyperlipidemia
Hypoproteinemia
Obesity
Coproporphyrinogen
oxidase
Uroporphyrinog
endecarboxylase
Tryptophan
pyrrolase
Heme synthase
378
379
380
381
382
383
Metabolic
acidosis
In patient T. erythropoietic porphyria was Uroporphirinogen
recognized (Gunter”s disease): urine and teeth are of synthase
redish
shadow
due
to
uroporphyrin
accumulation.Insufficiency of what enzyme from
listed below may be observed?
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
In boy P. suffering from mental underdevelopement
the consumption of milk induces vomiting and
diarrhea. In blood is detected glucose-1-phosphate
on a background of low concentration of glucose
and very high contentratyion of reducing sugars. In
urine is detected galactose. Indicated symptoms are
connected with deficiency of:
In a patient a Konovalov-Wilson disease was
recognized, at which excretion of copper with urine
is observed, as well as deposition of copper in
organs and tissues. What protein biosynthesis is
damaged as the most probable cause of this disease?
In large intestine microorganisms
synthesize vitamins that participate
in organism’s biochemical processes.
What vitamins are mainly synthesized
by microflora?
Parents of the 10-year-old child have
made an appointment with endocrinologist
due to complaints of child’s
low height. The child’s appearance is
corresponding with that of 5-year-old
child.What hormon secretion disorder
causes such physical development
changes?
During calculous cholecystitis
attack the patient has developed the
following symptoms: saponated feces
and steatorrhea. What stage of fats
metabolism is disrupted according to
those symptoms?
During gastric secretory function
research decrease of hydrochloric
acid concentration in gastric juice was
detected. What enzyme will be less
active in such a condition?
Information transfer from
peptide hormones to intracellular
second messengers occures involving
adenylate cyclase. What reaction is
catalyzed by adenylate cyclase?
Galactose-1UDP-glucose
phosphate uridyl pyrophosphorylase
transferase
Lactase
UDP-glucose-4
epimerase
Galactokinase
Ceruloplasmin
Transferrine
Haptoglobin
Properdin
Cryoglobuline
K, B12
A, C
E, PP
B1, B2
B6, E
Somatotropic
hormone
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone
Thyroxin
Testosterone
Insulin
Fat digestion,
absorption and
secretion
Fat absorption
Intermediary
metabolism of
fats
Fats metabolism
in adipose tissue
Pepsin
Amylase
Lipase
Dipeptidase
Hexokinase
Cyclic adenosine
monophosphate
production
ATP breakdown
into ADP and
inorganic
phosphate
ATP synthesis
from adenosine
391
392
393
394
395
396
`397
When hydrogen peroxide solution
is administered to bleeding wounds,
it is broken up by one of the blood
enzymes. Point out this enzyme.
Catalase
Monoamine oxidase
Cytochrome
oxidase
Aspartate
aminotransferase
Lactate
dehydrogenase
Catabolism of body’s own tissue
proteins is intensified during
such diseases as thyrotoxicosis and
tuberculosis. This process is attended
by intensive synthesis in liver and
subsequent excretion with urine of the
following:
Natural peptides can carry out various
functions. What biologically active
peptide is one of the main antioxidants
and carries out coenzyme functions?
Urea
Glucose
Acetone bodies
Fatty acids
Nucleotides
Glutathione
Bradykinin
Oxytocin
Releasing
hormone
(Liberine)
Anserine
A newborn infant has hemolytic
jaundice caused by rhesus incompatibility.
What bile pigment will be
concentrated highest in the blood of
this infant?
The 49-year-old female patient
suffering long-term from pancreatic
diabetes has developed the following
symptoms after administering insulin:
weakness, facial pallor, palpitation,
anxiety, double vision, numbness of
lips and tongue apex. Glucose molar
concentration in blood was 2,5 mmol/l.
What complication has developed in
the patient?
The 56-year-old patient has
developedmegaloblastic anemia in the
course of alcoholic cirrhosis. What vitamin
deficiency is the main cause of
anemia in this patient?
L-DOPA and its derivatives
are used in treatment of Parkinson’s
disease. What aminoacid is this
substance made of?
Unconjugated
bilirubin
Conjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Stercobilinogen
Bile acids
Hypoglycemic
coma
Hyperosmolar coma
Hyperglycemic
coma
Hyperketonemic
coma
Uremic coma
Folic acid
Lipoic acid
Biotin
Thiamine
Pantothenic acid
Tyrosine
Asparagine
Glutamate
Tryptophan
Arginine
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
Ketoacidosis occurs during
starvation. What metabolite blood
concentration increase is symptomatic
of this medical condition?
Acetoacetate
Oxaloacetate
Malonate
Beta-hydroxybetamethylglutaryl-
CoA
The patient with myocardial
infarction has been prescribed statines,
cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, to
prevent complications. What enzyme
activity is suppressed by these medicines?
Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides
by binding with 30Ssubunit
of ribosome prevents
formylmethionyl-tRNA joining. What
process is disrupted due to this effect?
Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides
by binding with 30S subunit
of ribosome prevents
formylmethionyl-tRNA joining. What
process is disrupted due to this effect?
The patient with mushroom poisoning
has developed the following
symptoms: yellow coloring of skin and
sclera, dark-colored urine. Hemolytic
jaundice was diagnosed.What pigment
causes such coloring of the patient’s
urine?
The patient has hypovitaminosis
PP. What amino acid taken with meals
partially compensates patient’s need
for vitamin PP?
Beta-GHBreductase
Hydroxylase
Lecithincholesterol
acyltransferase
Esterase
Oxygenase
Translation
initiation
Translation
termination
Transcription
initiation
Transcription
termination
Replication
initiation
Translation
initiation
Translation
termination
Transcription
initiation
Transcription
termination
Replication
initiation
Stercobilin
Conjugated bilirubin
Biliverdin
Unconjugated
bilirubin
Verdohemoglob
in
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Valine
Arginine
Methionine
The 13-year-old female patient
having suffered from measles complains
of dry mouth, thirst, body weight
loss, polyuria, her glucose concentration
in blood is 16 mmol/l. What disease
can be suspected?
Type I pancreatic
diabetes
Type II pancreatic
diabetes
Diabetes
insipidus
Steroidogenic
diabetes
Glycogenosis
405
406
407
408
409
410
During long-term carbon
tetrachloride poisoning of animals significant
activity drop of aminoacyl
tRNA synthetase in hepatocytes was
detected. What metabolic process is
disrupted in this case?
Nucleoproteins contain significant
amount of alkaline proteins.What
propteins carry out structural function
in chromatin?
Protein
biosynthesis
DNA replication
RNA
transcription
Post-translational
modification of
peptides
Reparation
Protamines and
histones
Albumines and
globulines
Prolamines and
glutenins
Hemoglobin and
myoglobin
Interferones and
mucin
The poultry factory worker, who
has been consuming 5 or more raw
eggs daily, complains of weakness,
drowsiness, muscle pain, loss of hair,
seborrhea. What vitamin deficiency
causes such condition?
The patient has icteritous skin;
unconjugated bilirubin content in
blood is high; conjugated bilirubin
in urine is not detected. There is significant
amount of urobilin in urine and stercobilin in feces.
Name
the pathology characterized by given
symptoms.
Oligomycin antibiotic is prescribed
to the patient with tuberculosis.
What mitochondrial process is slowed
down by this medicine?
H (biotin)
C (ascorbic acid)
A (retinol)
B1 (thiamine)
B2 (riboflavin)
Hemolytic
jaundice
Obstructive jaundice
Jaundice of the
newborn
Hepatocellular
jaundice
Atherosclerosis
Oxidative
phosphorylation
Substrate-linked
phosphorylation
Microsomal
oxidation
Lipid
peroxidation
Oxidative
decarboxylation
The patient has been admitted
to the hospital with complaints
of general fatigue, headache,
lumbago, edema of face and extremities.
Urine analysis revealed proteinuria,
hematuria and cylindruria.What
is the main pathogenetic mechanism
of edema formation during
glomerulonephritis?
Decrease of
oncotic blood
pressure
Increase of vascular
permeability
Increase of
hydrodynamic
blood
pressure
Hormonal
disbalance
Cataract (lenticular opacity) has
developed in the 52-year-old female
patient with pancreatic diabetes. What
process intensification has caused
lenticular opacity?
Detoxication rate is 4 times
lower in children than in adults.What
enzyme necessary for toxic compounds
conjugation has low activity in children?
Protein
glycosylation
Lipolysis
Ketogenesis
Protein
proteolysis
Gluconeogenesi
s
Glucuronosyltran
sferase
ALAT
AspAT
Creatine
phosphokinase
LDH1
Certain drugs can stimulate liver
to synthesize enzyme systems taking
part in drugs and toxines metabolism.
What compound stimulates drug
metabolism in liver microsomes?
Barbiturates are used as soporifics.
These substances, similarly to
rotenone, are tissue respiration inhibitors.
What complex level do these
compounds suppress respiratory chain
at?
Inhibitors of one of the amides
metabolism enzymes are used to treat
depression. What enzyme inhibition
has such an effect?
Phenobarbital
Heparine
Menadione
sodium bisulfite
Sulfanilamide
Aspirin
NADH-coenzyme Cytochrome oxidase
Q reductase
Cytochrome C
reductase
Adenosine
triphosphate
synthetase
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Flavin adenine
dinucleotide
(FAD)-
containing monoamine
oxidase (MAO)
Acetylcholineste Formylkynurenin Kynurenine 3rase
ase
hydroxylase
(Arylformamidase
)
416
Due to prolonged taking of
phenobarbital the epileptic patient
has developed tolerance for this drug.
What is this phenomenon based on?
Biotransformatio
n acceleration
Absorption process
weakening
Increase of
receptor
sensitivity
Biotransformation
suppression
Substance
accumulation in
body
Purine
nucleotides
Metalloproteins
Lipoproteins
Glycoproteins
Ketone bodies
417
A patient with ischemic heart disease
has been administered inosine which is an
intermediate metabolite in the synthesis
of:
Disturbance of
glucose
reabsorption in
the nephron tubules
Insulin
deficiency
Hyperfunction of
adrenal medulla
Hyperfunction
of thyroid gland
418
A patient has been found to have sugar
in the urine. Blood glucose is normal.
Arterial pressure is normal. What is the
mechanism of glycosuria development in
this case?
411
412
413
414
415
419
Amylolytic enzymes catalyze the
hydrolysis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides.
They have an effect upon
the following chemical bond:
Glycosidic
Hydrogen
Peptide
Amide
Phosphodiester
Which of the following names
corresponds with the formula:
Nicotinic acid
amide
Isonicotinic acid
amide
Picolinic acid
amide
Salicylic acid
amide
Anthranilic acid
amide
Depressive states can be treated by
means of drugs inhibiting the enzyme that
inactivates biogenic amines. Specify this
enzyme:
MAO
(monoamine
oxidase)
LDH (lactate
dehydrogenase)
CPK (creatine
phosphokinase)
AST (aspartate
aminotransferase)
ALT (alanine
aminotransferas
e)
A newborn born to an Rh-negative
mother (3rd pregnancy) presents with
progressing jaundice, symptoms of CNS
excitation, anemia. What type of jaundice
is it?
Blood serum electrophoresis revealed
interferon. This protein is in the following
fraction:
Hemolytic
Parenchymatous
Obstructive
Parasitic
Toxic
γ-globulins
α1-globulins
α2-globulins
β-globulins
Albumins
A patient has been hospitalized for
chronic heart failure. Objectively: skin
and mucous membranes are cyanotic, the
patient has tachycardia, tachypnea. What
type of hypoxia has developed in the patient?
Urine analysis revealed a decrease
in sodium ion concentration. Which
hormone provides an enhanced
reabsorption of sodium ions in the
convoluted nephron tubules?
A 40-year-old patient has developed
polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and
polydipsia induced by damage to the
hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. What
hormone deficiency causes such disorders?
Circulatory
Anemic
Hemic
Tissue
Hypoxic
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Somatostatin
Adrenaline
Acetylcholine
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
Corticotropin
Somatotropin
Thyrotropin
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
A patient consulted a doctor about
sunburns, decreased visual acuity.His hair,
skin and eyes are not pigmented. He has
been diagnosed with albinism. The patient
presents with the following enzyme deficiency:
Fatty degeneration of liver is prevented
by lipotropic substances. Which of the
following substances relates to them?
Tyrosinase
Arginase
Carbonic
anhydrase
Histidine
decarboxylase
Hexokinase
Methionine
Cholesterol
Bilirubin
Glycine
Glucose
patient has an increased
concentration of hippuric acid in the urine.
This acid is the product of benzoic
acid detoxification in the liver of. In the
human body benzoic acid is formed from
the following amino acid:
A patient has obstruction of the
common bile duct. Which of these
substances is usually found in urine in
such cases?
Phenylalanine
Succinate
Lactate
Aspartate
Malate
A hospital admitted a patient with
arterial hypertension induced by renal
artery stenosis, complaints of persistent
nausea and headache. The main element
in the pathogenesis of hypertension is the
activation of the following system:
The end product of starch hydrolysis
is:
Reninangiotensin
Hypothalamicpituitary
Kallikrein-kinin
Sympathoadrenal
Parasympathetic
D-glucose
D-fructose
Saccharose
Maltose
D-galactose
2,4-dinitrophenol
Carbon monoxide
Antimycin A
Lactic acid
Acetyl-CoA
431
It is known that some chemical
compounds uncouple the tissue respiration
and oxidative phosphorylation. Name
one of these compounds:
Gaseous acidosis
Secretory alkalosis
Gaseous
alkalosis
Non-gaseous
alkalosis
Non-gaseous
acidosis
432
A patient with pneumosclerosis
has blood pH at the rate of 7,34.
Analysis of gas formula of blood showed
hypercapnia. Urine analysis revealed an
acidity increase. What form of acid-base
disbalance is the case?
425
426
427
427
430
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
A 70-year-old patient has been found
to have atherosclerosis of heart and
brain vessels. Examination revealed the
changes in the lipid profile. Pathogenesis
of atherosclerosis is greatly influenced by
an increase in the following lipoproteins
rate:
The primary structure of nucleic acids
is a polynucleotide chain which has
a certain composition and order of the
nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this
structure?
A 28-year-old male got a burn that
caused an increase in spontaneous secretion
of gastric juice. It is associated with
secretion of the following substance:
Low-density
lipoprotein
Very-low-density
lipoproteins
Intermediatedensity
lipoproteins
High-density
lipoprotein
Chylomicrons
3’,5’phosphodiester
Peptide
Glycosidic
Disulfide
Amide
Histamin
Secretin
Gastric
inhibitory
peptide
CholecystokininPancreozymin
Serotonin
Growth of some cancer cells is caused
by a certain growth factor. Treatment of
leukemia involves applying an enzyme
that destroys this essential factor. Specify
this enzyme:
Blood pressure is regulated by a
number of biologically active compounds.
What peptides that enter the bloodstream
can affect the vascular tone?
Asparaginase
Glutaminase
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Citrate synthetase
Aspartate
aminotransferas
e
Kinins
Leukotrienes
Enkephalins
Iodothyronines
Endorphins
Food rich in carbohydrates at first
increases the blood glucose and then
decreases its rate due to the insulin action.
What process is activated by this
hormone?
A patient has developed
megaloblastic anemia on a background
of alcoholic cirrhosis. The main cause of
anemia in this patient is the following vitamin
deficiency:
A patient was found to have an
increased blood serum LDH-1 activity. In
which organ is the pathological process
localized?
Synthesis of
glycogen
Gluconeogenesis
Breakdown of
glycogen
Breakdown of
proteins
Breakdown of
lipids
Folic acid
Lipoic acid
Biotin
Thiamin
Pantothenic acid
Heart
Liver
Kidneys
Stomach
Muscles
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Valine
Arginine
Methionine
442
A male patient was found to have
hypovitaminosis PP. What amino acid
taken with food may partially compensate
the vitamin PP deficiency?
443
Antidepressants can increase the
concentartion of catecholamines in the
synaptic cleft. What is the mechanism of
action of these drugs?
Inhibition of
monoamine
oxidase
Activation of
monoamine oxidase
Inhibition of
xanthine
oxidase
Activation of
acetylcholinestera
se
nhibition of
acetylcholineste
rase
When chyme enters the duodenum, it
stimulates the secretion of gastrointestinal
hormones. Which hormone is responsible
for release of enzymes being included in
digestive juices?
Alkaptonuria is characterized by an
excessive urinary excretion of homogentisic
acid. Development of this disease is
associated with disorder of the following
amino acid metabolism:
The patient uses a daily basis for
several raw eggs, which contain antivitamin
biotin - avidin. Violations of any
phase of lipid metabolism might arise?
Cholecystokininpancreozymin
Secretin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Calcitonin
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Alanine
Methionine
Asparagine
Fatty acid
biosynthesis
Cholesterol
biosynthesis
Lipid
absorption
Glycerol
oxidation
Lipid transport
in blood
Chorionic
gonadotropin
Progesterone
Oestradiol
Prolactin
Oxytocin
447
Early pregnancy can be detected
by using the appropriate test. A positive
pregnancy test is based on the presence
of the following hormone in urine:
Glycogen
synthesis
Protein
phosphorylation
Pentose
phosphate
pathway
Glycolysis
Lipolysis
448
Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase
which converts cAMP to AMP. The most
typical feature of caffeine intoxication is
the reduced intensity of:
444
445
446