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1 2 3 4 5 6 In snake venom there is a substance that causes erythrocyte hemolysis when it is introduced into a human organism. Blood test revealed a large amount of lysolecithin (lysophosphatidylcholine). What enzyme leads to accumulating lysolecithin in blood? Universal system of biological oxidation of nonpolar compounds (numerous drugs, toxic agents, steroid hormones, cholesterol) is microsomal oxidation. Name the cytochrome that is included in oxygenase chain of microsomes: A newborn child born from Rhnegative mother in the result of her third pregnancy presents with gradually worsening jaundice, irritated central nervous system, anemia. What type of jaundice does the infant suffer from? Proteins are biopolymers of principal significance in cell building, they are composed from amino acids as monomers, which are connected into chain by the next main type of chemical bond: Phospholipase A2 Phospholipase A1 Phospholipase C Phospholipase D Neuraminidase Cytochrome Р450 Cytochrome C Cytochrome A3 Cytochrome A Cytochrome C1 Hemolytic Hepatocellular Obstructive Parasitic Toxic Peptide bond Phosphodiester bond Ionic bond Hydrogen bond Glycosidic bond Structure of proteins includes proteinogenic amino acids. What is the position of the amino group in the structure of these amino acids? α-position β-position γ-position δ-position -position Uric acid is a derivative of: Purine Indole Pyrazine Pyrazole Pyridine Name the disaccharide with the following structure: β-lactose α-lactose β-maltose β-cellobiose Saccharose What enzyme allows for synthesys of various genes from template-RNA to DNA in genetic engineering (this enzyme catalyzes the process detected in RNAviruses)? Reverse transcriptase Exonuclease DNA-ligase Helicase Endonuclease Chromatin contains positively charged histone proteins. What amino acid is contained in histone proteins in large amounts? Lysine Alanine Valine Threonine Serine By consumption of fresh milk in kid developed Lactase disorders of digestive tract. Consumption of other sugar-containing food-stuffs did not cause similar disorders. Genetically determined insufficiency of what enzyme can be considered in this case? In a patient was detected disorder in digestion of Proteinases protein in stomach and small intestines. What group of enzymes may cause this disorder? Phosphoglucomutase Glycogen synthetase Hexokinase Glucose-6 phosphate isomerase Amylase Lipase Lyases Aminotransferas es In dietology in cases of children milk intolerance a -galactosidase milk is used in which lactose content is diminished enzymatically. What enzyme is used for this purpose? –amylase –glucosidase –amylase –glucosidasde Diet of a human must contain vitamins. What vitamin is usually prescribed for treatment and prevention of pellagra? Vitamin C Vitamin A Vitamin B1 Vitamin D 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Vitamin PP 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 In a treatment of some infections diseases, sulfanilamide drugs are used, which inhibit the growth of bacteria. What is the mechanism of their action? They are structural analogs of paminobenzoic acid, needed for biosynthesis of folic acid In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was detected. What disease can be suggested? Allosteric inhibition of bacterial enzymes They are involved in oxidativereductive reactions Cholelythiasis Chronic hepatitis Inhibit the Irreversibly absorption of folic inhibit acid biosynthesis of folic acid, needed for normal bacterial survival Malignant tumors Poisoning with insecticides Pharmaceuticals, containing mercury, arsen or other heavy metals, are inhibiting enzymes, posessing sulfhydril groups. What amino acid is used for reactivation of these enzymes? Cysteine Histidine Isoleucine Aspartic acid Glycine In recognition of hepatitis the determination the following enzymes activity in blood has diagnostic significance: Amino transferases Amylase Lactate dehydrogenase Aldolase Creatin kinase Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme? A patient presents high activity of LDH1,2, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase. In what organ (organs) is the development of a pathological process the most probable? Catalyzation of The same molecular the same reaction weight The same Tissue physicochemical localization properties The same electrophoretic mobility In the heart In skeletal muscles muscle (initial (dystrophy, atrophy) stage of myocardium infarction) Marked increase of activity of МВ-forms of CPK Miocardial Hepatitis (creatinephosphokinase) and LDH-1 were revealed infarction on the examination of the patient's blood. What is the most likely pathology? In kidneys and adrenals In connective tissue In liver and kidneys Rheumatism Pancreatitis Cholecystitis 12 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a Myocardium patient presented an increase of aspartate infarction aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What pathology is this deviation typical for? Collagenosis Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Viral hepatitis Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to Acetaldehyde prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol? Ethanol Malonyl aldehyde Propionic aldehyde Methanol A 49-year-old driver complains about unbearable constricting pain behind the breastbone irradiating to the neck. The pain arose 2 hours ago. Objectively: the patient’s condition is grave, he is pale, heart tones are decreased. Laboratory studies revealed high activity of creatine kinase and LDH1. What disease are these symptoms typical for? In case of enterobiasis acrihine – the structural analogue of vitamin B2 - is administered. The synthesis disorder of which enzymes does this medicine cause in microorganisms? Acute myocardial infarction Acute pancreatitis Stenocardia Cholelithiasis Diabetes mellitus FAD-dependent dehydrogenases Cytochromeoxidases Peptidases NAD-dependet dehydrogenases Aminotransferas es Hydroxylation of endogenous substrates and Vitamin C xenobiotics requires a donor of protons. Which of the following vitamins can play this role? Vitamin P Vitamin B6 Vitamin E Vitamin A Pyruvate dehydrostase 26 A newborn child has convulsions that have been Glutamate observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most decarboxylase probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a component of the following enzyme: Netoglubarate dehydromine Aminolevulinate synthase Glycogen phosphorylase 27 In a patient with complaints on pain in cardiac area LDH, creatine Amylase, a myocardial infarction was recognized after kinase, phosphatase estimation of enzymes activity in blood. Indicate, aminotransferase please, what enzyme activities were determined? 22 23 24 25 28 29 lipase, Peptidase, arginase, glucokinase In course of tuberculosis treatement a patient was Competitive Irreversible Uncompetitive administered isoniazide – a structural analogue of nicotinamide and pyridoxine. What type of inhibition by mechanism of action exhibits isoniazide? After laboratory investigation in blood of patient an Determination of Estimation of blood Ketone bodies increase of LDH activity was detected, which is LDH isozymes glucose level level in blood characteristic symptom of heart, liver or kidney diseases. What additional biochemical investigation must be performed in differential diagnostics? Trypsin, Aldolase, lysozyme, citrate succinate synthase dehydrogenase, hexokinase Allosteric Noncompetitive Determination of Amylase blood cholesterol activity in blood level Arginase Catalase Glc-6-P dehydrogenase Alpha-amylase 30 In a patient a preliminary diagnosis of myocardial Creatineinfarction was proposed. A characteristic feature of phosphokinase this disease is a marked increase in blood in the first 24 hours of the next enzyme: AlAT (GPT) AsAT (GOT) Gamma-amylase 31 Ambulance delivered a patient to the hospital with a Alpha-amylase preliminary diagnosis “acute pancreatitis”. What enzyme activity must be estimated in blood and urine in order to support this diagnosis? Lactate dehydrogenase –glucosidasde –amylase –glucosidase –amylase 32 In dietology, in cases of children milk intolerance a -galactosidase milk is used in which lactose content is diminished enzymatically. What enzyme is used for this purpose? 33 In cases of chronic pancreatitis a decrease of trypsin Cleavage of production and secretion is observed. Digestion and proteins absorption of what substances is injured in this case? Cleavage of polysaccharides Cleavage of nucleic acids Cleavage of disaccharides Cleavage of lipids After the addition of an extract of pancreatic gland to the tube with starch solution, a blue coloration of the sample with iodine have disappeared, which indicates on starch hydrolysis. What pancreatic enzyme is involved in this reaction? During the investigation of pancreatic juice was detected a great number of enzymes. Some of them are secreted in inactive form. What are these enzymes? Amylase Chymotrypsin Lipase Aldolase Trypsin Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinoge n Sucrase, amylase Ribonuclease, pepsin Amylase, lipase DNA-ase, aminopeptidase Phosphororganic compound diisopropyl- Irreversible fluorophosphate is a dangerous toxin as it inhibits cholinesterase. What is the mechanism of this inhibition? Reversible Competitive Uncomoetitive Noncompetitive In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was detected. What disease can be suggested? Cholelythiasis Chronic hepatitis Malignant tumors Poisoning with insecticides In a patient a preliminary diagnosis of myocardial Creatine kinase infarction was proposed. A characteristic feature of this disease is a marked increase in blood in the first 24 hours of the next enzyme: Arginase Catalase Glc-6-P dehydrogenase Alpha-amylase 34 35 36 37 38 During the surgery after injection of a drug, which Acetylcholine cause the myorelaxation, in patient occures a esterase prolonged stoppage of resptration (more then 5 min). What enzyme insufficiency may be responsible for this accident? In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was detected. What disease can be suggested? Catalase Glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase Monoaminoxidas e Acetyltransferase Cholestasis Chronic hepatitis Malignant tumors Insecticide poisoning In blood serum of a patient a marked increase of Myocardial activity of creatine phosphokinase and lactate infarction dehydrogenase was detected. . What disease can be suggested as a cause? Acute pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis Hemolytic jaundice Nephrosis In blood serum of a patient a high activity of Heart isozyme LDH-1 was detected. In what organ pathological changes occure? Liver Sceletal muscles Pancreas Kidney During investigation of gastric secretory function Pepsin was detected decrease of hydrochloric acid content in gastric juice. What enzyme activity will decrease in this case? Lipase Hexokinase Amylase Carboxypeptida se Acid phosphatase Aldolase 44 In malignant tumor of prostata a marked increase in activity of the next enzyme in blood serum is observed: Alanyl aminotransferas e Lactate dehydrogenase Alkaline phosphatase Serum LDH Serum AST Serum CK Serum ALT Serum amylase 45 On the third day following onset of acute myocardial infarction, which enzyme estimation will have the best predictive value? What enzyme may be used in substitute therapy in cases of gastric secretion insufficiency? Pepsin Trypsin Hyaluronidase Collagenase Ribonuclease Oxido-reductases Amylases Lipases Aminotransferas es 39 40 41 42 43 46 47 In a patient the disorder of proteins digestion in Peptidases stomach and small intestine is observed. What enzymes insufficiency cause this disorder? 48 Trypsinogen is produced in exocrine part of pancreatic gland and excreted to duodenum, where it is activated by the next factor: H3M (iso 2) H2M2 (iso 3) HM3 (iso 4) M4 (iso 5) 49 In diagnostics of myocardial infarction the next H4 (iso 1) isoform of lactate dehydrogenase in blood has diagnostic significance: Glutathion peroxidase Creatine kinase Amylase 50 In diagnostics of an acute viral hepatitis estimation of the next enzymatic activity in blood serum is the most valuable: Alkaline phosphatase A child manifests epileptic seizures caused by Alanine vitamin B6 deficiency. This is conditioned by the aminotransferase. decrease of the 7-aminobutyrate level in the nervous tissue which acts as an inhibiting neurotransmitter. The activity of which enzyme is decreased in this case? Different forms of lympholeukoses are effectively Asparaginase cured with enzyme preparation called: Pyridoxal kinase. Glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamate decarboxylase. Glutamate synthetase Plasmin Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) Hyaluronidase Streptokinase Enzymes of tricarboxylic acids cycle oxidize acetylCoA and produce 3 molecules of reduced NAD and one molecule of reduced FAD. Where are localized these enzymes? In mitochondrial matrix On plasma membrane On external mitochondrial membrane In cell cytoplasm On inner mitochondrial membrane A patient was admitted into hospital with a diagnosis diabetes mellitus type I. In metabolic changes the decrease of oxaloacetate synthesis rate is detected. What metabolic passway is damaged as a result? Substrate phosphorylation is a process of phosphate residue transfer from macroergic donor substance to ADP or some other nucleoside diphosphate. What enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle participates in reaction of substrate phosphorylation? Tricarboxylic acid cycle Glycolysis Cholesterol biosynthesis Glycogen mobilization Urea synthesis Succinyl thiokinase Citrate synthase Succinate dehydrogenase Fumarase Alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex 51 52 53 54 55 Enteropeptidase Alanyl aminotransferase Secretin Gastrin Cholecystopancre ozymine Chymotrypsinog en 56 In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is damaged taking into account that arsen containing substances inactivate lipoic acid? Oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate Fatty acids biosynthesis Neutralization of superoxide anions Coupling of oxidation and phopsphorylation Microsomal oxidation Superoxide dismutase Catalase Peroxidase 57 During metabolic process active forms of the oxygen including superoxide anion radical are formed in the human body. With help of what enzyme is this anion activated? Glutathioneperoxi dase Glutathioneredu ctase Bilirubin Ketone bodies Uric acid Creatinine Glucose 58 A patient has obstruction of the common bile duct. Which of these substances is usually found in urine in such cases? Vitamin K Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin B12 59 A woman noticed that a cut on her skin was still bleeding even after 20 minutes had passed. What vitamin deficiency causes such condition? The primary structure of nucleic acids is a polynucleotide chain that has a certain composition and order of the nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this structure? 3’,5’phosphodiester Peptide Glycosidic Disulfide Amide During the necropsy of a 20-year-old girl a pathologist concluded that the death of the patient had resulted from poisoning by cyanides. The activity of what enzyme is mostly inhibited by cyanides? CO is extremely dangerous poison as it irreversibly blocks repiratory chain of enzymes. At which point is arrested electron transport in presence of CO? Cytochrome oxydase Malate dehydrogenase Heme synthase Aspartate aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenasе Cytochrome oxidase Succinate dehydrogenase Ubiquinoncytochrome c reductase Respiratory complex III NADH2ubiquinon reductase Thyroxine Norepinephrine Testosterone Insulin Cortisol 63 Some hormones are acting as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Chose from listed below hormones one which is considered as the best uncoupler B12-hypervitaminosis B1-deficiency B1hypervitaminosis B12-deficiency 64 Activation of membrane lipid peroxydation is one of Vitamin E the basic mechanisms of membrane structure and deficiency functions damage as well as the death of a cell. The cause of this pathology is: 60 61 62 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 The production of thyroid hormones is stimulated under thyrotoxicosis. It leads to body weigh loss, tachycardia, and rise of psychic irritability. Choose the biochemical mechanism by which thyroid hormones affect the tissue bioenergetics from the listed below: Hydrogen peroxide is harmful and extremely toxic to living cells. Chose an enzyme which is used by cells for neutralization of hydrogen peroxide: Uncoupling of oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation Blockage of mitochondrial respiratory chain Activation of substrate level phosphorylation Blockage of substrate level phosphorylation Activation of oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation Glutathion peroxidase Cytochrome oxidase NADP-H2oxidase Cyclooxygenase Monoamine oxidase Superoxide anion is generated in course of tissue respiration and is a strong oxidant, possessing a harmful effect. What enzyme is involved in neutralization of this compound? Superoxide dismutase Monoamine oxidase Peroxidase Catalase Xanthine oxidase In diseases which are accompanied by hypoxia an incomplete reduction of oxygen molecule in respiratory chain and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide occurs. Note an enzyme which provides neutralization of hydrogen peroxide: Cyanides are extremely dangerous poisons as they irreversibly block repiratory chain of enzymes. At which point is arrested electron transport in presence of cyanides? Glutathion peroxidase Cytochrome oxidase Succinate dehydrogenase Glutathion reductase Oxidase of reduced NADP Cytochrome oxidase Succinate dehydrogenase Ubiquinoncytochrome c reductase Respiratory complex III enzymes NADH2ubiquinon reductase High resistance of “winter-swimmers” (so-called “walruses”) to low temperatures is explained by increased production of certain hormones that stimulate the processes of biological oxidation and heat formation in the cells through the uncoupling of mitochondrial electron transfer and the oxidative phosphorylation. Choose the name of these hormones: During the necropsy of a 17-year-old girl a pathologist concluded that the death of the patient had resulted from poisoning by cyanides. The disturbance of what process became the most credible cause of the girl’s death? Thyroid hormones Glucagone Adrenaline Insulin Corticosteroids Tissue respiration Synthesis of hemoglobin Transport of oxygen by hemoglobin Urea synthesis Atherosclerosis 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Infant death occurs due to cyanide poisoning. What is the biochemical mechanism of cyanides’ unfavorable action on the molecular level? Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase Chemical bounding to the substrates of TCA Blockage of succinate dehydrogenase Inactivation of oxygen molecule Inhibition of cytochrome b Cyanides are cellular poisons, inhibiting electron transport on terminal segment of respiratory chain in mitochondrias. What is the mechanism of their toxic effect? Formation of a complex with Fe+3 form of cytochrome oxidase On inner mitochondrial membrane. Block up of electron transport on a level of NAD H –coenzyme Qreductase. Block up of electron transport from cytochrome bc1. In cytoplasm Inhibition of ATP-synthase function Uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria In nucleus Interaction with heme of cytochrome a3 Attacment to nitrogen atom in pyrimidine cycle of NAD Block the activity of cytochrome c Block bonding with an oxygen Rothenon Somatotropin Cyanides Dinitrophenol Block the transfer of electrons from cytochrome bc1 Glucose Iron atom Vynil residue Pyrrole cycle Proteinous part Methen bridge B12-folic acid deficiency Iron-deficiency Acquired hemolytic Hereditary hemolytic Chronic posthemorrhagic Lactase Maltase Aldolase Hexokinase Glycosidase Enzymes of respiratory chain perform oxidation of substrates and transfer of reductive equivalents to oxygen with production of water molecules. Where they are located? Patient P. is working in chemical industry, connected with cyanic acid production. He complains in attacks of suffocation and dizziness. What is the mechanism of cyanides effect upon tissue respiration? Coupling of tissue respiration and oxydative phosphorylation takes place in the presence of electrochemical gradient of H+ ions between mitochondrial matrix and intermembranous space. What substance from listed below can uncouple respiration and phosphorylation? Cytochromes are components of respiratory chain in mitochondrias, which transfer electrons from ubiquinon to molecular oxygen. What part of cytochrome molecule take part in oxydativereductive reactions? An elderly patient exhibits low levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin in blood, but the color index is 1,3. Blood smear analysis revealed megaloblasts. What type of anemia is observed in this case? After drinking milk a 1-year-old child has developed diarrhea and flatulence. The baby is likely to have the deficiency of the following enzyme: On cytoplasmic membrane On outer mitochondrial membrane 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 A man presents with signs of albinism: blonde hair, extreme photosensitivity, impaired vision. What amino acid metabolism is disrupted in the patient? Tyrosine Methionine Proline Histidine Valine Substrate-linked phosphorylation occurs in the cycle of tricarboxylic acids. What compound takes part in this reaction? Succinyl coenzyme A α-ketoglutarate Acetyl coenzyme A Succinate Malate In the cell, enzymes are located in subsequent Cathepsins and Fatty acid synthesis Enzymes of Enzymes of urea Glycogen organelles, providing their specific functioning. glucosaminidase enzyme complex protein synthesis synthetase Note enzymes located in lysosomes. biosynthesis branching enzyme and Cytochrome c participates in transport of electrons Mitochondria in respiratory chain of the cell and is located in the next cellular compartment: Nucleus Cytoplasm Golgi vesicles Lysosomes Inhibition of the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol in liver of an experimental animals has caused maldigestion of lipids. What is the role of these acids in the enteral lipidic metabolism? A patient with atherosclerosis has been prescribed Linaetholum containing essential fatty acids. Which of the following acids is an essential part of the preparation? The patient has icteric skin; unconjugated bilirubin content in blood is high; conjugated bilirubin in urine is not detected. There is significant amount of urobilin in urine and stercobilin in feces. Name the pathology characterized by the given symptoms: A patient complains of pain in the small joints. High concentration of uric acid is detected in his blood plasma. What pathology causes such changes? They emulsify dietary lipids They keep balance of alkaline environment in the intestines They participate in the synthesis of lipids They are part of LDL They activate the formation of chylomicrons Linolenic Palmitic Crotonic Stearic Oleic Hemolytic jaundice Obstructive jaundice Jaundice of the newborn Hepatocellular jaundice Atherosclerosis Gout Diabetes mellitus Phenylketonuria Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Diabetes insipidus 88 Trypsin and related to it proteolytic enzymes (chymotrypsin, thrombin et al.) contain in active center a specific amino acid residue, which is covalently modified by fluorophosphate compounds with irreversible lost of enzymatic activity. What is this amino acid residue? Acetylcholin esterase cleaves acetylcholin hydrolytically. Insecticides, pesticides and nerve gases of fluorophosphates structure irreversibly inhibit acetylcholin esterase. What type of inhibition is it? Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in a 52-year-old woman with pancreatic diabetes. What process has intensified and thus caused lenticular opacity? Serine 46-year-old patient was found to have hyperactivity of creatine kinase in his blood serum. What kind of pathology can be suspected? Tyrosine Threonine Aspartate Methionine Inhibitors bind Inhibitors bind Inhibitors form are with with serine Inhibitors histidine complex with residue in active structural analogs of residue in acetylcholine true substrate center allosteric center Inhibitors induce denaturation of enzyme Protein glycosylation Lipolysis Ketogenesis Protein proteolysis Gluconeogenesi s Myocardial infarction Acute pancreatitis Chronic hepatitis Haemolytic anemia Renal failure Lysine Tryptophan Methionine Serine 92 Activity of many enzymes depends from the Cysteine presence of free thiol groups in active center. What amino acid residue provides presence of these groups in enzyme molecule? 93 Biochemical functions of water soluble vitamins are NAD realized due to their transformation to coenzymes. (nicotinamide What coenzyme is formed by vitamin PP? adenine dinucleotide) FMN (flavinmononucleotide ) FAD (flavin Pyridoxalphospha adenine te dinucleotide) Thiamine pyrophosphate Production of active thromboplastin Production of thrombin Production of fibrin polymer 94 In the course of an experiment in the mesenteric vein of a toad a trombus was created with a crystal of common salt. What processes occurred during the first stage of trombus formation? 89 90 91 Adhesion, aggregation, agglutination of Platelets Production of fibrin monomer In a patient with frequent intraorgan and mucosal Vitamin C bleeding in urine were detected proline and lysine. Deficiency of what vitamin cause a damage of their hydroxylation? Vitamin A Vitamin K Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin C Vitamin B6 Vitamin K Vitamin PP 96 In a patient painfulness along a great nerve trunks is Vitamin B1 observed as well as increase of pyruvate in blood. Insufficiency of what vitamin may induce these symptoms? Zinc Iron Magnesium Molybdenum. 97 Malignant hyperchrome anemia, or Birmer's Cobalt disease, is a pathological state caused by the deficiency of vitamin B12. What chemical element is a constituent of the structure of this vitamin? B12. B3. B8. B5. 98 For diagnostics of certain illnesses the B6. determination of blood transaminases activity is required. Which vitamin is a component of the cofactors of the enzymes? Hemoglobin catabolism results in Transferrin release of iron which is transported to the (siderophilin) bone marrow by a certain transfer protein and is used again for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Specify this transfer protein: Note a compound which is considered as natural Thermogenin uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation Transcobalamin Haptoglobin Ceruloplasmin Albumin Progesteron Succinic acid Sapogenin Stearic acid 95 99 100 101 An untrained person who has not been practicing Accumulation of Decreasing of lipids Increased Accumulation of Increase of ATP physical exercises for a long time complains of a lactate in muscles level in muscles disintegration of creatinine in level in muscles muscle pain as a result of intensive manual work. muscle proteins muscles What is the probable reason of the pain syndrome? Gluconeogenesis 102 The high speed sprint causes a feeling of pain in Glycolysis skeletal muscles of untrained people that occurs due to lactate accumulation. The activation of what biochemical process is it resulting from? Deamination of amino Tissue acids respiration 103 A 7-year-old girl manifests obvious signs of anemia. Anaerobic Laboratory tests showed the deficiency of pyruvate glycolysis kinase activity in erythrocytes. The disorder of what biochemical process is a major factor in the development of anemia? Pentose phosphate pathway Lipogenesis Glycogenesis Oxidative phosphrylation Breaking up of peroxides 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 The intake of aspirin by a 3-year-old child with a Glucosо-6fever caused marked erythrocytes hemolysis. The phosphate inherited deficiency of what enzyme could be the dehydrogenase. cause of the hemolytic anemia development? Glucose-6phosphatase. Glycogen phosphorylase. Glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase. γ-Glutaminyl transferase A 2-year-old boy has the increase of liver and spleen sizes detected and eye cataract present. The total sugar level in blood is increased, but glucose tolerance is within the normal range. The inherited disturbance of the metabolism of what substance is the cause of the indicated state? A newborn child had dyspepsia phenomena (diarrhea, vomiting) detected after feeding with milk. After additional feeding with glucose the morbid symptoms disappeared. The insufficient activity of what enzyme that takes part in the carbohydrates breakdown causes the indicated disorders? A newborn child with the signs of cataract, growth and mental retardation, who manifested vomiting and diarrhea, was brought to an emergency clinic. A presumptive diagnosis of galactosemia was made. The deficiency of what enzyme occurs in case of this disease? A cataract and fatty degeneration of the liver develop in the conditions of high galactose and low glucose level in blood. What disease do these symptoms testify to? Galactose. Fructose. Glucose. Maltose. Saccharose Lactase. Amylase. Sacharase. Isomaltase. Maltase. Galactose-1Glucokinase. phosphate uridyl transferase. UDP-galactose4-epimerase. Hexokinase. Glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase Galactosemia. Lactosemia. Steroid diabetes. Fructosemia Diabetes mellitus. In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication Oxidative with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is decarboxylation damaged taking into account that arsenic containing of pyruvate substances inactivate lipoic acid? Fatty biosynthesis In a weak apathic infant an enlarged liver was detected, which in investigation of biopcia pieces showed an excess of glycogen. Blood glucose concentration is under the normal value. What may be the cause of this disease? Lowered activity of glycogen synthase Lowered activity of glycogen phosphorylase in a liver acids Neutralization Coupling of Microsomal of superoxide oxidation and oxidation anions phopsphorylation Lowered activity of glucose 6phosphate isomerase Lowered activity of glucokinase Deficiency of gene responsible for synthesis of glucose 1phosphate uridyl transferase 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 During biochemical investigation of blood in a Glycogen patient was detected hypoglycemia in fasting synthase condition. Investigation of liver bioptates revealed the failure of glycogen synthesis. What enzyme deficiency may cause such status? In an infant with point mutations in genes the Gierke disease absence of glucose 6-phosphatase, hypoglycemia and hepatomegalia were revealed. What disease is characterized by these symptoms? Phosphorylase Aldolase Fructose bisphosphatase Pyruvate carboxylase Adison disease Parkinson disease Cori disease Mac Ardle disease In a patient a lowering in ability to physical load Glycogen was revealed, while in skeletal muscles the phosphorylase glycogen content was increased. The decrease in activity of what enzyme may cause this condition? Phosphofructokinase Glucose 6phosphate dehydrogenase Glycogen synthase Glucose 6phosphatase What biochemical process is stimulated in the liver Gluconeogenesis. and kidneys of a patient exhausted by starvation? Synthesis of urea. Synthesis of bilirubin. Formation of hippuric acid. Synthesis of uric acid. Under Girke's glycogenosis the conversion of glucoso-6-phosphate into glucose is disturbed, which results excessive glycogen accumulation in liver and kidneys. The deficiency of what enzyme is the cause of the disease? A child is sluggish and inert. His liver is enlarged. The liver biopsy showed the excess of glycogen. The concentration of glucose in blood plasma is below the normal range. What is the cause of the glucose level decrease in blood? Glucoso-6phosphatase. Glycogen synthase. Phosphorylase. Hexokinase. Aldolase. Reduced (or absent) activity of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver Reduced (or absent) activity of hexokinase. High activity of glycogen synthase Reduced (or absent) activity of glucose-6phosphatase. Glycolysis Glycogenolysis The phosphate pathway The major process responsible for maintaining Gluconeogenesis blood glucose in 40 hours after last meal is: Deficiency of the gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of glucose-1phosphate uridine transferase. pentose Glycogenesis 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 A 46-year-old woman complains of dryness in the oral cavity, thirst, frequent urination, general weakness. Biochemical research of the patient's blood showed hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia. Sugar and ketone bodies are revealed in the urine. Diffuse changes in myocardium are marked on the electrocardiogram. Make an assumptive diagnosis of the illness. A patient was admitted to a hospital in comatous state. The accompanying mates explained that the patient loss his consciousness during the training on the last stage of marathon distance. What coma type can be recognized? A patient addressed to physician with complaints on permanent thirst. In laboratory investigation it was revealed hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased content of 17-ketosteroids in urine. What disease is the most probable? A 38-year-old man is receiving treatment for schizophrenia in hospital. Fhe initial levels of glucose, ketone bodies and urea in the blood are within the normal range. Shock therapy put into practice by regular insulin injections resulted in the development of the comatose state which improved the clinical status of the patient. What is the most probable cause of insulin coma? In a 57-year-old patient, suffering from diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis has been developed. Biochemical background of this status is decrease in utilization of acetyl-CoA due to a deficiency of: Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus. Alimentary hyperglycemia. Acute pancreatitis. Ischemic cardiomyopath y. Hypoglycemic Hyperglycemic Hypovolemic Hypothyroid Hepatic Steroid diabetes Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Addison disease Glycogenosis of the 1 type Myxoedema Hypoglycemia. Dehydratation of tissues. Metabolic acidosis. Ketonemia. Hyperglycemia. Oxaloacetate 2-oxoglutarate Glutamate Aspartate Succinate. In patients’ blood glucose level is over the renal Diabetes mellitus threshold, polyuria is observed, as well as acidosis and ketonuria. What disease can be suggested? Starvation Hypercorticism Addison disease Hyperthyreosis In a patient a hyperglycemia, ketonuria, polyuria Metabolic and glucosuria were revealed. What disorders of acidosis acid-base equilibrium can be expected in this conditions? Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Normal acidbase equilibrium 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 A 58 years old woman, in a heavy state, cloudy consciousness, dry skin, cyanosis, an odor of spoiled apples from mouth were revealed. Blood glucose level – 15,1 mmol/l, in urine – 3,5 %. This state is caused by: By consumption of fresh milk in kid developed disorders of digestive tract. Consumption of other sugar-containing food-stuffs did not cause similar disorders. Genetically determined insufficiency of what enzyme can be considered in this case? A 45-year-old woman does not have any symptoms of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus but testing on an empty stomach showed the increase of the blood glucose level (7.5 mM/l). What additional laboratory test needs to be done to substantiate the diagnosis? A condition called diabetic ketoacedosis is caused by a lack of insulin leading to a build-up of ketoacids. Excessive ketone bodies are formed by the biochemical imbalance in uncontrolled or poorly managed diabetes. Which compounds are called ketone bodies? A worker of a chemical plant was brought to a hospital with signs of poisoning. In the woman's hair a high level of arsenate that blocks the lipoic acid was revealed. The disorder of what biochemical process is the most probable cause of poisoning? During the investigation in some person was revealed blood glucose concentration on a level 4,5 mMoles/l. It may be the next interpretation of obtained result: Hyperglycemic coma Hypoglycemic coma Anaphylactic shock Uremic coma Hypovolemic coma Lactase Phosphoglucomutase Glycogen synthetase Hexokinase Glucose-6 phosphate isomerase Determination of tolerance to glucose. Determination of Determination ketone bodies of rest nitrogen concentration in the level in the urine. blood. Determination of tolerance to glucose on an empty stomach. Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin level. Acyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA Cholic and deoxycholic acid Acetoacetate, β- Aspartate, pyruvate hydroxybulyrate, and acetone α-ketoglutarate, malate, sussinate Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Microsomal oxidation. Reduction of Reduction of Rendering methemoglobin. organic oxides. superoxide radicals harmless A person is healthy A person has diabetes mellitus A person possess increased tolerance toward glucose Protein, creatine A 40-year-old woman diagnosed with diabetes Glucose, mellitus is admitted to a department of bodies endocrinology. The patient complains of thirst and increased hunger. What pathological components are exposed at laboratory research of the patient's urine? ketone Protein, amino acid A person has diabetes insipidus A person has steroid diabetes Bilirubin, urobilin Blood 132 133 134 135 136 137 A woman in the unconscious state was brought to an Hypoglycemia. emergency clinic. Laboratory research revealed that the blood glucose level makes 1.98 mM/1, the level of hemoglobin is 82 g/1, the amount of erythrocytes is 2.1∙1012, SSE (speed of erythrocytes settling) is 18 mm/hour and the amount of leucocytes is 4.3∙109/l. Make a possible diagnosis. Under diabetes mellitus, the level of ketone bodies Acetyl-CoA. in blood dramatically rises, which results in the development of metabolic acidosis. What substance is the precursor of the ketone bodies synthesis? Diabetes mellitus. Galactosemia. Somatotropin deficiency Diabetes insipidus. Succinyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA. McthylmalonylCoA. A patient manifests ketonuria. What disease is Diabetes mellitus. recognized by the augmented concentration of ketone bodies in his urine? Acute glomerular inflammation. Urolithiasis. Tuberculosis of the kidney. Myocardial infarction. Due to prolonged taking of phenobarbital the epileptic patient has developed tolerance for this drug. What is this phenomenon based on? Absorption process weakening Increase of receptor sensitivity Biotransformation suppression Substance accumulation in body Glucose-6phosphatase Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II Glycogen synthase Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Glucagon Fatty acids Insulin Triglyceride Biotransformatio n acceleration A 17-year-old male presents complaining of an Glycogen inability to perform strenuous exercise without phosphorylase bringing on painful muscle cramps and weakness. He indicated that mild to moderate exercise resulted in no problems. When he was administered an ischemic exercise test, his serum lactate concentrations did not increase significantly. A deficiency in which of the following enzymes is most likely the cause of the patient’s muscle cramps? A 27-year-old man has been rushed to the Glucose emergency room following his sudden collapse and entry into a state of unconsciousness. Examination of personal belongings revealed the patient is an insulin-dependent diabetic. A rapid decline in which of the following humoral factors likely triggered the sudden collapse of the patient? 138 139 140 141 142 143 In patients suffering from diabetes mellitus an Increase in Stimulation of ketone increase in a content of non esterified fatty acids activity of bodies utilization (NEFA) in blood is observed. It may be caused by: triacylglycerol lipase Activation of synthesis of apolipoproteins A1 , A2, A3 Decrease in Accumulation in activity of cytosol of phosphatidylcholi palmitoyl-CoA ne-cholesterolacyltransferase in blood plasma LDL The essence of lipolysis, that is the mobilization of Serum albumins.. fatty acids from neutral fats depots, is an enzymatic process of hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids that release during this process enter blood circulation and are transported as the components of: Which one of the following statements about the Dietary absorption of lipids from the intestine is correct? triacylglycerol is partially hydrolyzed and absorbed as free fatty acids and monoacyl glycerol Globulins. HDL. Release of fatty acids from triacylglycerol in the intestine is inhibited by bile salts After consumption of lipids in the body than begins Monoacylglycero their digestion and absorption in intestines. What l, fatty acids products of lipid hydrolysis are absorbed in the intestine? Amino acids Dietary Fatty acids that contain ten carbons or less are absorbed and enter the triacylglycerol must circulation be primarily via the lymphatic system completely hydrotyzed to tree fatty acids and glycerol before absorption Polypeptides Monosacharides Lipoproteins After the consumption of animal food rich in fats, a Bile acids. patient feels discomfort, and droplets of fats are found during laboratory investigation of his feces. Bile acids are revealed in the urine. The cause of such state is the deficiency of ___ in the digestive tract. A man 67 years old suffers from brain vessels LDL atherosclerosis. After investigation hyperlipidemia was detected. What class of lipoproteins in blood plasma will be increased the most of all in biochemical investigation? Fatty acids. Chylomicrons. HDL Non esterified Chylomicrons fatty acids in complex with albumin Triacylglycerols. Phospholipids. VLDL 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 A 35-year-old man with pheochromocytoma has Triacylglycerol high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine lipase. registered in the blood. The concentration of free fatty acids is increased by a factor of eleven. Which of the following enzymes accelerates the lipolysis under the action of epinephrine? Phosphoinositol is an important compound in cell Phospholipase C regulatory signaling system and is produced from phosphatidylinositol under the action of the next enzyme: Lipoprotein lipase. Phospholi pasc Phospholi pase C. Ar Cholesterol esterase. Neuraminidase Phospholipase A Sphingomyelina se In a course of laboratory investigation of blood, taken in fasting conditions, it was detected the turbidity of serum, total lipids content – 20 g/l, cholesterol – 9 mM/l. After centrifugation on a surface of serum there appears a white film, which suggests an increase in the amount of chylomicrones in blood. What enzyme activity decrease may cause this situation? In a human body the adipose tissue is the basic location of triacylglycerols (TAG) deposit. At the same time their synthesis takes place in hepatocytes. In the form of what molecular complex are TAG transported from the liver into the adipose tissue? After the consumption of a diet rich in fats, a patient complains of languor and nausea. Later signs of steatorrea appear. The level of blood cholesterol makes 9.2 mM/1. The shortage of what substances causes this state of the patient? The insufficient secretion of what enzyme is the cause of incomplete fats degradation in the digestive tract and appearance of great quantity of neutral fats in feces? Lipoproteine lipase of blood Pancreatic phospholipases Lecitine Lipases cholesterol acyl tissue transferase VLDL. Chylomicrons. LDL. HDL. Complexes with albumin Bile acids. Triacylglycerols. Fatty acids. Phospholipids. Chylomicrons Pancreatic lipase. Phospholi pase. Entcrokinase. Amylase. Pepsin Decarboxylation Reduction α -Oxidation γ-Oxidation Lipids are obvious energetic material for the body. β-Oxidation What is the main pathway of fatty acids metabolism in mitochondria? Phospholipase B of fat Pancreatic lipase 151 In a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus in By condensation In course of αblood was detected acetone. Note the process of its of two molecules oxidation of fatty acids production in the body. of acetyl-CoA In course of βoxidation of fatty acids In course of γ- In tricarboxylic oxidation of fatty acid cycle. acids Glycerol. Glucose. 152 Aerobic oxidation of substrates is typical of a Fatty acids. cardiac muscle. Which of the following is the major oxidation substrate of a cardiac muscle? 153 154 155 156 157 158 Triacylglycerols. Carnitine is recommended to a sportsman as a Transport of fatty Ketone preparation that increases physical activity and acids into synthesis. improves achievements. What biochemical process mitochondria. is mostly activated under the action of carnitine? A 1-year-old child was brought to a clinic with signs of muscle weakness. Through the inspection, the deficiency of carnitine in the muscles was determined. The biochemical mechanism of the development of this pathology consists in the disorder of the process of: A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance "fat burning". What is the role of carnitine in the process of fat oxidation? Transport of fatty Regulation of the level Substrate level Utilization acids into of Ca2+ in of lactate. mitochondria. mitochondria. phosphorylation . Transport of FFA Transport of FFA from (free fatty acids) fat depots to the from cytosol to tissues the mitochondria of Synthesis actin myosin. It takes part in FFA activation one of reactions of FFA betaoxidation Activation of intracellular lipolysis α -Oxidation Reduction γ-Oxidation Transport of fatty Regulation of the level Substrate level Utilization acids into of Ca2+ in of lactate. mitochondria. mitochondria. phosphorylation . of Synthesis of actin and myosin. Lipids are obvious energetic material for the body. β-Oxidation What is the main pathway of fatty acids metabolism in mitochondria? A 1-year-old child was brought to a clinic with signs of muscle weakness. Through the inspection, the deficiency of carnitine in the muscles was determined. The biochemical mechanism of the development of this pathology consists in the disorder of the process of: Carnitine is recommended to a sportsman as a preparation that increases physical activity and improves achievements. What biochemical process is mostly activated under the action of carnitine? bodies Lipids synthesis. Tissue respiration. Steroid hormones synthesis. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria. Decarboxylation Ketone bodies synthesis. Lipids synthesis. Tissue respiration. Steroid hormones synthesis. of and In diabetes mellitus and starvation there is an Acetyl-CoA increase of ketone bodies content in blood, which are utilized as energetic material by tissues. Note the substance which is used in ketone bodies synthesis. Citrate Succinyl-CoA α–Ketoglutarate Malate Aerobic oxidation of substrates is typical of a Fatty acids cardiac muscle. Which of the following is the major oxidation substrate of a cardiac muscle? Triacylglycerols. Glycerol. Glucose Amino acids. Oleic acid. Lecithine. 161 A patient suffers from arterial hypertension due to Cholesterol. atherosclerotic injury of blood vessels. The consumption of what dietary lipid needs to be limited? Monooleateglycer ol. Phosphatidylseri ne. Ascorbic acid Glucose Glycerin Citrate 162 Fats of phospholipids is disordered due to fat Methionine infiltration of the liver. Indicate which of the presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis? Pneumonia Gastritis Acute pancreatitis Kidney disease 163 In a patient after investigation it was detected an Atherosclerosis increased content of low density lipoproteins in blood serum. What disease can be expected in this patient? A child 5 years old suffers from transient abdominal Chylomicrons pains. Blood serum is turbid in fasting conditions. Cholesterol content – 4,3 mmoles/l, total lipids – 18 g/l. For precisement of diagnosis electrophoresis of blood lipoproteins is administered. What classes of lipoproteins are expected to be increased? In cases of complete or partial restriction of Choline lipotropic factors in humans develops a fat degeneration of liver. What substances can be considered as lipotropic? HDL IDL LDL VLDL Pyridoxine Fatty acids Cholesterol The complaints and objective data permit to suppose Cholesterol an inflammatory process in gall bladder, disorder of colloidal properties of bile, probability of bile stones formation. What compound can cause their formation? Oxalates Chlorides Phosphates 159 160 164 165 166 Urates 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 In a worker of chemical cleaning the fatty liver Phosphatidyl dystrophy was recognized. What substance choline biosynthesis disorder can lead to this pathology? Tristearylglycerol Phosphatidic acid Urea Folic acid A patient with high blood cholesterol levels was HMG CoA Lipoprotein lipase in Citrate lyase in VLDL excretion Absorption treated with lovastatin. This drug lowers blood reductase in liver adipose tissue liver by the liver dietary cholesterol levels because it inhibits: and peripheral cholesterol tissue of Laboratory investigation of the patient's blood Chylomicrons. plasma, which was performed 4 hours after a consumption of a fat diet, displayed a marked increase of plasma turbidity. The most credible cause of this phenomenon is the increase of in the plasma. Laboratory investigation of a patient revealed a high Atherosclerosis level of plasma LDL, What disease can be diagnosed? HDL. LDL. Cholesterol. Phospholi pids. Nephropathy. Acute pancreatitis. Pneumonia Gastritis. After laboratory investigation in a patient was Atherosclerosis detected an increased content of low density lipoproteins in blood serum. What disease from listed below can be expected in a patient? Pneumonia Gastritis Acute pancreatitis Kidney disease An experimantal animal that was kept on protein- Choline free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite: A person with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Lower blood receptor deficiency was treated with lovastatin. As a cholesterol levels consequence of the action of this drug, the person should have: DOPA Cholesterol Acetoacetate Linoleic acid Increased de novo cholesterol synthesis Increased ACAT activity Fewer LDL receptors in cell membranes Higher blood triacylglycerol levels A patient suffers from arterial hypertension due to Cholesterol. atherosclerotic injury of blood vessels. The consumption of what dietary lipid needs to be limited? Oleic acid. Phosphatidylseri ne. Monooleateglycer ol. Lecithine. 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 A 70 years old man is ill with vascular LDL. athrosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of lipidic blood composition. The main of factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the following lipoproteins: A patient has a mental disorder due Pyridoxine to the insufficient synthesis of gammaaminobutyric acid in the brain. Such pathological changes might be caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin: VLDL. Cholesterol. IDL HDL Tocopherol Cyanocobalami n Folic acid Riboflavin The method consisting in removal of low-molecular impurities from colloidal systems and high-molecular compound solutions by semipermeable membrane diffusion is called: Dialysis Electrodialysis Ultrafiltration Decantation Compensatory dialysis A patient suffers from mucosal dryness and mesopic vision disorder. What vitamin deficiency causes these symptons? A B1 D K E The second stage of detoxification involves joining certain chemical compounds with functional groups of toxines. Select one such compound: Glucuronic acid Higher fatty acids Cholesterol Glucose Pyruvate Fatty acids arrive into mitochondria, and there their oxidation occurs. Name the vitamin-like substance that takes part in transportation of fatty acids through mitochondrial membrane: Carnitine Choline Biotin Pantothenic acid Folic acid A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after drinking milk. Described symptoms are caused by the lack of enzymes that break up: Lactose Glucose Maltose Saccharose Fructose 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 Albumine, blood serum proteins, and gastric juice pepsin consist of macromolecules of polypeptide chains that are joined with hydrogen bonds into hydrophilic spheres. These proteins are named: During ultrasound investigation a patient was diagnosed with bilateral renal artery stenosis of atherosclerotic genesis. Specify the bioactive substance that due to its excessive secretion is the key component of arterial hypertension pathogenesis in the given case: A patient has been receiving Theophylline - inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase for a week. What hormone can increase its action due to such treatment and cause hyperglycemia? Globular Fibrillar Structural Synthetic Artificial Renin Cortisol Vasopressin Noradrenaline Thyroxin Glucagon Testosterone Aldosterone Insulin Estradiol In a patient in the course of the clinical and laboratory investigation in gastric juice a compound was detected, suggesting a malignant tumor in stomach. This compound may be: Lactic acid Pepsin Pepsinogen Rennin Castle intrinsic factor In a child, consuming a meal of plant origin Essential amino exclusively after some period a growth retardation, acids anemia and kidney impairment were observed. The cause of this state is deficiency in diet of the next nutrients: In a patient an insufficiency of enzyme production Rennin in gastric mucosa was recognized. The investigation of what enzyme will be not informative in gastric diseases in adults? Carbohydrates Lipids Mineral macroelements Carotene Pepsin A Uropepsin Gastricsin Pepsin B An inborn baby after feeding with breast milk manifested dyspepsia, vomiting. These symptoms disappeared after feeding with glucose solution. The lack of what enzyme, participating in carbohydrates digestion, causes these disturbances? Maltase Sucrase Amilase Isomaltase Lactase 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of Tryptophan urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism: Alanine Histidine Methionine Tyrosine Glutamate decarboxylation results in formation of GABA inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it: Glutathione Histamine Serotonin Asparagine Biochemical function of glutathion in an organism is connected with reduction and detoxification of organic peroxides. During an interaction of glutathion with hydroperoxides harmless organic alcohols are formed with subsequent further oxidation. Indicate an amino acid composing glutathion. In experimental animals hold prolonged time on protein free diet, a fat degeneration of liver has been developed. The possible cause may be insufficiency of methylating agents. Indicate an amino acid, donor of methyl groups A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophane aminooacid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process? A patient with a cranial trauma manifests repeated epileptoid seizures. The biosynthesis of what biogenic amine is disturbed in this clinical situation? Glutamate Valine Lysine Isoleucine Tryptophan Methionine Phenylalanine Lysine Cysteine Arginine Decarboxylation Desamination Microsomal oxydation Transamination Formation paired compounds GABA Histamine Adrenaline Serotonin Dopamine Deamination of amino acids. Transamination of amino acids. Oxidation of amino acids. Reductive animation. Biogenic amines, namely histamine, serotonin, Decarboxylation dopamine etc., are very active substances that affect of amino acids. markedly various physiological functions of the organism. What biochemical process is the principal pathway for biogenic amines production in body tissues? of 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 In psychiatric practice, biogenic amines and their GABA. derivatives arc used for the treatment of certain diseases of the central nervous system. Name the substance of the mentioned below biochemical class which acts as an inhibitory mediator. In human body are synthesized 10 amino acids only Tyrosine from 20 ones needed for protein biosynthesis. What amino acid from listed below is produced in human body? Histamine. Serotonin. Dopamine. Taurine. Histidine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amine is Histamine formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect. Name it: Serotonin Dioxyphenylala nine Noradrenalin Dopamine In clinical practice for parentheral nutrition a protein Aspartate hydrolysate is used. Amino acid constituents of such hydrolysate were separated with the aid of paper chromatography into acidic and basic. Chose an acidic amino acid from listed below: One of the forms of innate human pathology is Phenylpyruvate. accompanied by the blockage of the conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine. The biochemical manifestation of the disease is the accumulation of certain organic acids in the organism including The signs of skin depigmentation of a 19-year-old Tyrosine. patient are caused by the disorder of melanin synthesis. The disturbance of the metabolism of what amino acid is it caused by? Threonine Serine Glycine Lysine Citrate. Pyruvate. Lactate. Glutamate. Tryptophan. Histamine. Proline. Lysine. A 7-year-old child was admitted to an emergency Decarboxylation. clinic in the state of allergic shock provoked by a wasp sting. High concentration of histamine was determined in the patient's blood. Which biochemical reaction leads to the production of this amine? During hypersensitivity test a patient got Decarboxylation subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid: Hydroxylation. Dehydration. Deamination. Reduction Methylation Phosphorylation Isomerization Deaminization 204 According to clinical indications a patient was Transamination administered pyridoxal phosphate. What processes and is this medication intended to correct? decarboxylation of aminoacids Oxidative decarboxylation ketonic acids Putrescin Scatole 205 Production of some toxic substances in large intestines occurs due to decarboxylation of some amino acids. Indicate, what substance is produced from ornithine? A newborn child rejects breast feeding, he is restless, his breathing is unrhythmical, and the urine has a specific smell of beer ferment or maple syrup. The innate defect of what enzyme causes this pathology? Under alcaptonuria, the excessive quantity of homogentisate was found in the patient’s urine (the urine darkens in the air). The innate defect of what enzyme is apparent? 13 years old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, fatigue.Besides this mental underdevelopement is observed. Laboratory investigations revealed high content of valine, isoleucine and leucine in urine, which has a characteristic odor. What is the most probable cause of this condition? In a young child besides other clinical symptoms the sharp darkening of urine after standing in open air was revealed. Blood and urine examination detected the presence of homogentisic acid. What is the most probable cause of disease? An infant shows the darkening of scleras, mucous membranes. The excreted urine darkens in tin air, homogentistic acid is determined both in the blood and urine. What is the diagnosis? Maple syndrome 206 207 208 209 210 211 Desamination of Synthesis of Protein of purine purine and synthesis nucleotide pyrimidine bases Indole Cadaverine Urea Dehydrogenase Glucose-6-phosphate of branched-chan dehydrogenase α-keto acids. Glycerol kinase. Aspartate aminotransferase. Tyrosine aminotransferas e Homogentisate oxidase. Tyrosinase. Phenylalanine-4monooxygenase. Tyrosine aminotransferas e Phenylketonuria Porphyria Hyperuricemia (gout) Alanine aminotransferase. syrup Cystinosis Alkaptonuria Porphyria Albinism Cystinuria Hemolytic anemia Alkaptonuria. Albinism. Cystinuria. Porphyria. Hemolytic anemia. Alanine metabolism Urea synthesis Uric synthesis In two years old boy suffering from alkaptonuria Thyrosine urine became black after standing. This disease is metabolism hereditary disorder of: acid Cystein metabolism 215 Laboratory analysis of the urine of a six-day infant displayed excessive concentration of phenylpyruvate and phenylacetate. Metabolism of what amino acid is disturbed in the body of this child? In experimental animals helded prolonged time on protein free diet, a fat degeneration of liver has been developed. The possible cause may be insufficiency of methylating agents. Indicate an amino acid, donor of methyl groups: A 9-year-old boy was brought to a hospital with signs of mental and physical retardation. A biochemical blood test revealed the increased level of phenylalanine. The blockage of what, enzyme can result in such state of the patient? Which of the following enzymes catalyses reactions in the biosynthesis of both catecholamines and indoleamines (serotonin)? 216 In a patient suffering from liver cirrhosis a decrease Disorder of urea Absense of alanine Deficiency of Deficiency in urea concentration in blood serum was detected. synthesis in liver aminotransferase ammonia for CO2 for This may be caused by: activity in hepatocytes urea synthesis synthesis 212 213 214 Phenylalanine. Tryptophan. Methionine. Histidine. Arginine Methionine Phenylalanine Lysine Cysteine Arginine Phenylalanine-4monooxygenase. Homogentisate oxidase. Glutamine transaminase. Aspartate aminotransferase. Glutamate decarboxylase. Aromatic amino Dopamine acid hydroxylase decarboxylase amino Lipids β- Phenylethanola Tryptophan mine N- hydroxylase methyltransferas e Carbohydrates Tyrosine hydroxylase of Excess of urea ammonia blocking enzymes of urea synthesis Mineral Carotene macroelements 217 In a child, consuming meal of plant origin for a Essential prolong time, growth retardation, anemia, liver and acids kidney impairment were observed. The cause of such state is deficiency in diet of the next nutrients: Lysine. Proline. Histidine. Alanine. 218 Ammonia is a very poisonous chemical, especially Glutamic acid. for the nervous system. What substance takes a particularly active part in the detoxification of ammonia in the brain tissue? Albinism. Galactosemia. Cystinuria. Histidinemia. 219 A newborn child has dark coloring of scleras and Alcaptonuria. mucous membranes. The excreted urine darkens in the air. Laboratory tests of blood and urine have revealed the occurrence of homogentisic acid. What can the cause of this state be? 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 Under the repeated action of ultraviolet rays, skin Activation darkens because of the synthesis of melanin which tyrosinase. protects cells from damage. The principal mechanism of this defence reaction is: of Inhibition tyrosinase. A mother of a 5-year-old child has noticed that the Homohentisate child's urine is too dark. The child does not have any oxidase. complaints. Bile pigments are not present in the urine. The diagnosis of alcaptonuria is set. The deficiency of what enzyme is observed in this case? A citrulline and a high level of ammonia are Urea. determined in the urine of a newborn child. The formation of what substance is the most credible to be disturbed? A 13-year-old patient complains of general weakness, rapid fatigue. There is retardation in his mental development. Laboratory investigation revealed high concentrations of valine, isoleucine and leucine in his blood and urine. The urine has a specific smell. What can the cause of such state be? A ten-month-old child, whose parents are darkhaired, is fair-haired, fair-complexioned, and blueeyed. The neonate seemed to be healthy, but during the last three months the cerebral circulation disorder and the retardation of mental development appeared. The cause of such state is: Affected by ultraviolet radiation, human skin darkens, which is a protective reaction of the organism. What protective substance, namely amino acid derivative, is synthesized in the cells under these conditions? In a child with functional disorders of central nervous system during biochemical investigation were detected hyperammonemia. Preliminary diagnosis – hereditary hyperammoniemia due to disorder of urea synthesis. What enzymopathia can cause this disease? Maple disease. of Activation of Inhibition of Inhibition of homogentisate homogentisate phenylalanine oxidase. oxidase. hydroxylase. Phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosinase. Oxyphenyl pyruvate oxidase. Decarboxylase of phenylpynivate Uric acid. Ammonia. Creatinine. Creatine. Tyrosinosis. Histidinemia. Diffuse goiter. syrup Addison's disease. toxic Phenylketonuria. Galactosemia. Glycogenosis. Acute porphyria. Histidinemia Melanin. Arginine. Methionine. Phenylalanine. Thyroxin. Ornithine transcarbamoylas e Gluthation transferase Sulfotransferase Glycyl transferase Glucuronyl transferase 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 The child after consumption of fresh milk developed disorders of the digestive tract whereas consumption of the other products, containing carbohydrates, does not cause these symptoms. The genetically mediated lack of what enzyme may be the reason of these disorders? A patient, living in the mountain region, has an enlarged thyroid gland. This is most evidently caused by the deficiency of the following trace element in food: Lactase Phosphoglucomutase Glycogensyntha se Hexokinase Glucose-6phosphateisomerase J Br F Fe Mn In a patient an enhanced level of total bilirubin in blood was detected, in urine bilirubin glucuronides were detected, fecal stercobilin content was decreased. What vitamins insufficiency can be suggested in this case? In dietary deficiency or insufficient production of endogeneous lipotropic factors in humans is developing fat liver degeneration. What substances from listed below can be considered as lipotropic factor? A sick child manifested the enlargement of abdomen, curvature of lower limbs, skul enlargement, general weakness. What nutrient insufficiency can cause the developement of such manifestations? A patient complains for a loss of weight, general weakness, bleeding of gums, loosening and hasitation and fall out of teeth. What vitamin deficiency is observed in a patient? B1 , B2 . PP, C K H, N (lipoic acid) B15 (pangamic acid). Choline Pyridoxine Triacylglycerols Cholesterol Fatty acids Vitamin D Carbohydrates Vitamin C Iron Lipids Ascorbic acid Pyridoxine Phylloquinone Cyanocobalamine Tocoferol The content of vitamin PP is very low in milk and Tryptophan eggs, never the less these products have antipellagric action. It is caused by high content of precursor of this vitamin in mentioned products, namely: In an ill child the enlargement of abdomen, Vitamin D curvature of lower limbs, skul enlargement, general weakness is observed. What nutrient insufficiency can lead to the developement of such manifestations? A. Riboflavin Carbohydrates B. Thiamin e Vitamin C C. Iron Adenine D. Lipids GDP A patient complains for a loss of weight, general Ascorbic acid weakness, bleeding of gums, loosening and hasitation and fall out of teeth. What vitamin deficiency is observed in a patient? Cyanocobalamine Pyridoxine Phylloquinone Tocoferol A patient complains for a loss of possibility to A discriminate things in twilight, yet in daylight he see hypovitaminosis normally. The cause of this can be: A hypervitaminosis Glucose –6phosphate defeciency PP hypovitaminosis D hypervitaminosi s Vitamin A Vitamin K Vitamin D Vitamin E 238 In a patient with frequent intraorgan and mucosal bleeding in urine were detected proline and lysine. Deficiency of what vitamin causes a damage of their hydroxylation? Hypervitaminosis D 239 In a patient were detected symptoms of skin lesions Hypovitaminosis (dermatitis), digestive disorders (diarrhea), nerve PP system disfunction (dementia). The cause of named disorders can be: Hypervitaminosi Hypovitaminosis sA B1 Hypovitaminosi s B6 A patient complains for loss of apetite, fall down of Vitamin A hair, general body exhaustion, conjunctivitis. From an anamnesis it was recognized, that patient consumed fish oil. Excess of what vitamin can be suspected in this case? After several months in polar expedition in a person Scurvy appeared the next symptoms: bleeding of gums, multiple tooth decay (caries), loss of hair, skin hemorrhages, headache and general weakness. What disease can be suggested? In a patient with symptoms of acidosis (pH B12 lowering in blood ) in urine was detected significant quantity of methylmalonic acid. This is caused by insuficiency of the next vitamin: Vitamin E Vitamin C Vitamin H Vitamin D Polyneuritis Beri-beri Pernicious anemia Pellagra B2 B5 C D Hydroxyproline is an essential amino acid in the collagen structure. Which of the following vitamins takes part in the formation of this amino acid by the proline hydroxylation pathway? D. B3 B5 B1 236 237 240 241 242 243 Vitamin C C. Pyridoxal kinase. Alanine aminotransferase. Glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamate decarboxylase. Glutamate synthetase A. E. С K. D. A patient suffers from dermatitis, diarrhea and Nicotinamide dementia. The absence of which vitamin is the cause of such clinical state? Ascorbic acid. Folic acid. Biotin. Rutin. A patient with frequent bleedings inside the internal organs and mucous membranes was found having proline and lysine in the collagen fibers composition. What vitamin absence results in the disturbance of these amino acids hydroxylation? According to the clinical signs, pyridoxal phosphate was prescribed to a patient. For the correction of what biochemical processes is this drug recommended? C. Е. К. A. D. Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids. Oxidative decarboxylation ketoacids. Biotin. Folic acid. Pantothenic acid. Para-amino benzoic acid. Vitamin C. 249 A patient was diagnosed with dermatitis as a result of prolonged consumption of uncooked eggs. What vitamin deficiency developed in this case? Е avitaminosis. B3 avitaminosis. B2 avitaminosis. 250 There is an increase in the pyruvate level in the B1 avitaminosis. patient's blood and urine. What kind of avitaminosis developed in this case? B12 avitaminosis. Under different pathological states the level of a-Tocoferol. active forms of oxygen rises, which results in the destruction of cellular membranes. In order to prevent the damage of membranes, antioxidants are used. The most powerful natural antioxidant is: Glucose. Vitamin A. Fatty acids. Glycerol. 244 245 246 247 248 251 A child manifests epileptic seizures caused by vitamin B6 deficiency. This is conditioned by the decrease of the 7-aminobutyrate level in the nervous tissue which acts as an inhibiting neurotransmitter. The activity of which enzyme is decreased in this case? An ophthalmologist found that an outpatient has an increase in the time of sight adaptation for darkness. What kind of vitamin deficiency can be the cause of the symptom? Deamination of Synthesis of amino acids. purines pyrimidines of Protein and synthesis. Scurvy. Pellagra. Rachitis. Polyneuritis Nicotine acid, tryptophan. Lysine, ascorbic acid. Threonine, panthothenic acid. Methionine, lipoic Phenylalanine, acid. pangamic acid. Antioxydant. Antihemorrhagic Antiscurving. Antineuritic. Antidermatitic Noradrenalin Ethanolamine Triiodothyronine Choline 255 Arachidonic acid as essential nutrient is needed for Prostaglandine E1 normal growth and developement. It is precursor of biologically active substances. Indicate what compounds are synthesized from arachidonic acid Diacylglycerol Inositol-3,4,5triphosphate cAMP Ca2+ 256 The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory Glycerol in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone action. Point out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator: Testicle Ovaries Pancreas Hypophysis 257 On some diseases it is observed aldosteronism with Adrenal glands hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected on aldosteronism? 252 253 254 258 259 Most participants of the round-the-world voyage of Magellan perished from avitaminosis that was manifested by general weakness, hypodermic hemorrhages, loss of teeth, bleeding of gums. Name the disease which develops as a result of this avitaminosis. During the patronage a doctor revealed that a child had symmetric roughness of skin on his cheeks, diarrhea, disturbance of nervous activity. The deficiency of what food factors caused the appearance of such symptoms? The Institute of gerontology recommends the aged people to take a complex of vitamins that contains vitamin E. What is the basic biological action of vitamin E? Birmer's anemia. A typical symptom of cholera is body water loss and Activation of Activation of synthesis sodium ions loss. The biochemical mechanism of adenilate cyclase of atrial natriuretic unfavourable action of cholera toxin consists in: activity of factor enterocytes Decrease of Stimulation of synthesis of rennin secretion antidiuretic by the cells of hormone in kidneys hypothalamus glomerular arteriolae Activated oxidation of aldosterone in the cells of adrenal glands A women with low arterial pressure after the Adrenaline parenteral introduction of a certain hormone showed the essential rise of arterial pressure as well as blood levels of glucose and lipids. What hormone was administered to the patient? Glucagon Estradiol Insulin Progesterone 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 Biologically active substances, especially hormones, Proopiomelanoco are products of hydrolysis and modification of rtin (POMC) certain proteins. From which of the listed below proteins do lipotropin, cortcotropin, melanotropin and endorphins appear in hypophisis? Aspirin has antiinflammatory effect due to Prostaglandins inhibition of the cyclooxygenase activity. Level of what biological active acids will decrease? Increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on present on thyrotoxicosis. How do thyroidal hormones effect energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells? Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones. Lipotropin, corticotropin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein: Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them: Neuroalbumins Neurostromin Neuroglobulin Thyreoglobulin Leucotriens Catecholamines Biogenic amines Iodinethyronyns Disconnect Activates oxidation and phosphorylation oxidated substance phosphorylation Stops of phosphorylation of substance Stops respiratory Activates chain oxidated phosphorylation Proopiomelanoco rtin (POMC) Neuroalbumin Neurostromin Neuroglobulin Thyreoglobulin Prostaglandins Thyroxine Biogenic amins Somatomedins Insulin-like growth factors A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushing's syndrome - Gluconeogenesis steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the undermentioned processes is the first to be activated? Glycogenolysis Glucose reabsorption Glucose transport Glycolysis to the cell The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely? Pregnant women have a requirement in the promoted amount of cholecalciferol; one of its metabolite is a powerful synergist of parathormone, which stimulates the process of bone resorbtion and output of calcium and phosphates in blood. Name this metabolite? Steroid diabetes Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Myxoedema Type I glycogenosis Addison's disease 1,25Dihydroxycholec alciferol 1hydroxycholecalciferol Cholecalciferol Ergocalciferol 25Hydroxycalcifer ol 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 A woman 47 years old complains for persistent feeling of thirst, rapid fatigue, loss of weight. Daily diuresis is 3-4 litters. Blood glucose level is 4.8 mmoles/l, in urine there is no glucose. In this case it is reasonable to investigate blood content of: A 40-year-old woman suffers from Cushing's disease, so-called steroid diabetes. Hyperglycemia and hypochlorinemia are biochemically exposed. Which of the following biochemical processes is activated in the first place? Laboratory testing of the patient's blood plasma showed K+ level that is equal to 7.0 mM/1. What is the possible cause of such state? Vasopressine Estrogens Aldosterone Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Reabsorbtion of Transport of Glycolysis glucose glucose into cells Decrease of aldosterone level Increase of aldosterone level Decrease of thyroid hormones level A patient suffering from rheumatism was administered glucocorticoid therapy. What changes in carbohydrate metabolism in liver can be expected? Stimulation of Stimulation gluconeogene glycogenesis sis A 23-year-old patient complains of a headache, change of appearance (increase in feet and wrists size, face features distortion). His voice grew harsh, the memory worsened. The disease set in three years ago without apparent causes. The analysis of the urine is without special changes. A possible cause of this status can be: A 10-year-old boy was brought to a hospital for the inspection of the cause of growth retardation. He had grown only by three centimeters in the last two years. What hormone's deficiency is the cause of such state? A 23-year-old patient complains of a headache, change of appearance (increase in feet and wrists size, face features distortion). His voice grew harsh, the memory worsened. The disease set in three years ago without apparent causes. The analysis of the urine is without special changes. A possible cause of this status can be: Hyperproduction of somatotropin Deficiency of glucagon Deficiency of thyroxine Deficiency of aldosterone Hyperproductio n of corticosteroids Somatotropin Corticotropin Gonadotropin Thyrotropin Parathormone Hyperproduction of somatotropin Deficiency of glucagon Deficiency of thyroxine Deficiency of aldosterone Hyperproductio n of corticosteroids of Stimulation glycogen hydrolysis Cortisole Increase of thyroid hormones level Thyroxine Increase of sexual hormones level of Stimulation of Increase of glycogen glycogen phosphorolysis phosphorylase activity 277 A patient complains of body weight loss, excessive irritability, insignificant increase of temperature, exophtalmia. Hyperglycemia and the rise of nitrogen-containing substances in blood serum were detected. Which is the most credible diagnosis in this case? Some compounds increase the permeability of internal membranes of mitochondria for Н+, that results in disconnection of processes of respirations with phosphorylation and stopping of ATP synthesis. Name this compound: In blood of a patient a hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, in urine – hyperphosphaturia is observed. What is a possible cause of this state? Aldosterone Adrenalin Cortisol Oxytocine 278 In 13 years old girl a hypotension and polyuria is Vasopressine observed. Preliminary diagnosis – diabetes insipidus. It is caused by deficiency of: Prostaglandins comprise a family of oxygenated lipid signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. They are involved in regulating a number of cellular processes. Some of the prostaglandins act to increase vasodilation and levels of cAMP in cells, whereas others increase vasoand bronchoconstriction and smooth muscle contraction. In the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, the oxygenation step is accomplished by the enzyme that synthesizes which of the following compounds? Signaling via prostanoids begins by interaction of the prostanoid with its receptor. The receptor involved is usually located in following compartment of the cell? Prostaglandin E2 Prostaglandin F2α Prostaglandin D2 Prostaglandin I2 Nucleus of a cell in a different organ from the cell making the prostanoid Endoplasmic reticulum of the cell making the prostanoid Lysosomes of a cell circulating in the blood Golgi of a cell circulating in the blood Insufficient synthesis of glutamine The decreased synthesis of GABA Insufficient ammonia detoxification Lactate accumulation 275 276 279 280 281 Diffuse goiter toxic Neurosis Bronzed disease Tuberculosis of adrenal glands Myxedema Thyroxine Vasopressin Adrenalin Insulin Oxytocin Enhanced secretion of parathyroid hormone Suppression of parathyroid hormone synthesis Enhanced secretion of calcitonine Suppressed calcitonine secretion Enhanced thyroxine secretion Prostaglandin H2 Plasma membrane of a cell near the cell making the prostanoid A patient, manifesting the memory decline after Insufficient craniocerebral injury came to the neurologist. By production of alteration of what biochemical process is this mediators complaint mediated? 282 283 284 285 A patient, suffering from epilepsy, presented Glutamate seizures. The physician administered him an amino acid, performing important functions in brain, in particular participating in ammonia detoxification. It is also the source of the depressing mediator production. What amino acid did the physician administer to the patient? Toxicity of ammonia is mediated by its ability to Alphaalter the tricarboxylic acids cycle in brain ketoglutarate mitochondria. What amino acid does ammonia exclude from the tricarboxylic acids cycle? Tyrosine Methionine Tryptophan Arginine Succinate Citrate Malate Isocitrate Examination of the 30-year old patient evaluated the Ceruloplasmin pathologic changes of the liver and brain. The content of cuprum in blood was acutely decreased and in urine increased. The preliminary diagnosis was recognized as Wilson’s disease. The activity of what enzyme will make possible the confirmation of the diagnosis? Which peptide neurotransmitter, produced in Met-enkephaline hypophysis through the breakdown of highmolecular protein propiomelacortin, is bonded with opiate receptor? Fumarase Carboangidrase Xanthinoxidase Leucine aminopeptidase Oxitocin ACTH Neurotensin Vasopresin Indicate the main function of scRNA. Involved in mRNA processing Provides structural frameworks for the ribosomes Plays a key role in Transfers the processing of genetic rRNA molecules information from genes to ribosomes for biosynthesis of proteins Increace of nitrogencontaining substances excretion. Decrease pyrimidine nucleotides reutilization. Involved in the selection of proteins for their export 286 287 A physician prescribed allopurinol to a patient Competitive Acceleration of suffering from gout. What pharmacological property inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotides of allopurinol provides a therapeutic effect in this xanthine oxydase catabolism case? of Acceleration of nucleic acids biosynthesis 288 In a child a physical and mental underdevelopment Pyrimidine is observed. In urine is excreted large quantity of nucleotides orotic acid. This hereditary disease is a result of the synthesis next metabolic disorder: Pyrimidine nucleotides breakdown Purine nucleotides synthesis Purine nucleotides breakdown Ornithine cycle of urea production Injections of adenosine 289 In one month old child an enhanced content of Injections of orotic acid in urine is detected, a child has uridine diminished weight gain. What treatment must be undertaken in order to correct metabolic disorders? Injections of guanosine Injections of thymidine Injections of histidine The decrease of uric acid concentration and the Xanthine oxydase accumulation of xanthine and hvpoxanthine were found in the blood of a 12-year-old boy. The genetic defect of the synthesis of what enzyme does it testifies to? RNA of AIDS virus invaded leukocyte and caused Reversed production of viral DNA in a cell with the aid of the transcription enzyme revertase. This is based on the next process: Arginase Urease Ornithine carbamoyl transferase Glycerol kinase Operone activation Operone repression Convariant replication Reversed translation Into human body were incorporated mercury ions. Metallothioneine This led to the increase in rate of transcription of the gene, responsible for detoxification of heavy metals. What protein gene amplification is in the background of this process? Oncology patient was administered an antitumor Dihydrofolate drug – metothrexate. After some period tumor cells reductase lost sensitivity to this drug. What gene amplification caused this effect? Ceruloplasmin Interferone Transferrin Ferritin Glutathion reductase Thioredoxine reductase Ribonucleitide reductase Methemoglobin reductase 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 For identification of father of a child is used the next analytical technique: Polymerase chain Northern blot analysis reaction (PCR) Restriction DNA fingerprint Southern fragmrnt length analysis analysis polymorphism analysis blot In oncology patients prolong application of Gene mutation antitumor drugs induce appearance of resistance of target cells to this drugs. What process is responsible for this effect? Gene recombination Gene modification Gene expression Gene amplification In a patient was recognized endemic goiter. What Iodination type of post-translational modification of thyroglobuline is damaged in a patient? Phosphorylation Methylation Acetylation Glycosylation 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 A 50-year-old patient is diagnosed with gout and Purines there is hyperuricemia in his blood. The metabolism of what substances is disturbed? Fats Amino acids Carbohydrates Parents of a 5-year-old child consulted a doctor. Examination of the child discovered retardation in mental development and growth, as well as a basement of the child's agility. The basal metabolism is lowered. What disease does the child suffer from? A 65-year-old man, suffering from gout, complains of pains in the area of kidneys. Ultrasonic inspection revealed the presence of stones inside the kidneys. Which biochemical process is the main cause of kidney stones formation? In a man 45 years old, suffering from gout, increased concentration of uric acid in blood was observed. For treatment allopurinol was administered, which is a competitive inhibitor of the following enzyme: A 72 years old woman complains on pains in joints, restriction of movement in joints. The joints are swollen, looking as enlarged knots. In blood and urine an increased concentration of uric acid is detected. What disease is characterized by these symptoms? If a double-stranded DNA molecule undergoes two rounds of replication in an in vitro system that contains all of the necessary enzymes and nucleoside triphosphates that have been labeled with 32P, which of the following best describes the distribution of radioactivity in the four resulting DNA molecules? A physician recommended a patient, who suffered from ulcer of duodenum, to drink daily juices made of cabbage and potatoe. What substances contributing to the prophylaxis and cicatrization of ulcers do these vegetables contain? Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Cretinism Phenylketonuria Hyperparathyroidi Endemic goiter sm Degradation of purine nucleotides Catabolism of proteins Ornithine cycle Degradation of heme Reduction of cysteine Xanthine oxidase Adenosine deaminase Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase Guanine deaminase Adenin phosphoribosyl transferase Gout Pellagra Alkaptonuria Thyrosinosis Liver cirrhosis Two of the molecules contain radioactivity in both strands Exactly one of the Exactly one of molecules contains the molecules radioactivity in only contains no one strand radioactivity Three of the molecules contain radioactivity in both strands All four molecules contain radioactivity in only one strand Vitamin U. Panthothenic acid. Vitamin B6. Vitamin K. Vitamin C. Pyrimidines Insufficiency of lipids Disturbance of in food. insertion of vitamin D3 into the molecule of enzyme. C. A. Increased consumption of vitamin D3 by microorganisms of intestines. P. Disturbance vitamin transport by proteins blood. D. After the resection of a 2/3 part of the stomach, the B12 amount of erythrocytes in the blood of a patient has decreased, their volume has multiplied, and the level of hemoglobin has decreased. The deficiency of what vitamin causes such changes of blood contents? The simultaneous disorder of the human Vitamin E. reproductive function and the dystrophy of skeletal muscles are caused by the deficiency of: C. P. PP D. Vitamin A. Vitamin K. Vitamin D. Vitamin B6. B12. B3. B8. B5. 308 For diagnostics of certain illnesses the B6. determination of blood transaminases activity is required. Which vitamin is a component of the cofactors of the enzymes? Respiratory alkalosis 309 An examination of a patient revealed Metabolic hyperglycemia, ketonuria, polyuria, and glycosuria. acidosis What type of disorder of acid-base balance is observed in this case? Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Acid phosphatase, LDH5, LDH4 ALT, aldolase, LDH4 310 Patient complains of pain behind the sternum, AST, creatine α-fetoprotein, aldolase, sweating and increased heart rate. Which of the kinase, LDH1 creatine kinase following enzymes should be determined in his blood to confirm the diagnosis of myocardial infarction? 304 305 306 307 The treatment of a child, who suffers from rickets, Disturbance of with vitamin D3 proved to be unsuccessful. Which is hydroxylation of the most likely cause of treatment inefficiency? vitamin D3 After prolonged treatment of a patient with B6. antibiotics, the suppression of intestinal microorganisms occurred. What kind of hypovitaminosis can resuit from this treatment? Amylase, alkaline phosphatase, ALT of D3 the of Prothrombin Fibrinogen 311 Patient was transported to the clinic with inherited Antihemophilic hemophilia A, which is manifested in prolonged globulin A bleeding. The cause of hemophilia A might be a deficiency of: Antihemophilic globulin B Lysosomes Mitochondria Golgi complex 312 In the blood serum of a patient a marked decrease of Granular albumins and fibrinogens levels were detected. endoplasmic Which organelles’ activity of liver hepatocytes is reticulum reduced? C reactive protein Transferrin Cryoglobulin 313 Ionized copper was observed in the urine of a Ceruloplasmin patient, as well as its delay in several organs and tissues. Biosynthesis of what protein is abolished? 314 Examination of a child revealed staphylococcus Identification of infection. What changes in protein composition in C - reactive blood are the most typical for this condition? protein Decreasing of the Decreasing of Increased albumin Decreasing of amount of albumins the amount of content the amount of fibrinogen ceruloplasmin Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis 316 Laboratory analysis revealed low blood pH value, low concentration of hydrogen carbonate (alkaline reserve of blood), increased content of lactic and pyruvic acids in blood and urine. What type of the acid-alkaline balance is disturbed? Examination of a patient revealed a nephrotic syndrome. What changes in protein fractions of blood are expected? Decreased concentration of albumines Decreased concentration of α1globulins Increased concentration of β-globulins Decreased concentration of γ-globulins Increased concentration of α2-globulins Hypoxic Circulatory Respiratory Tissue 317 As a result of cyanide poisoning blockade of tissue Hemic enzymes (cytochromes) occurs. What type of hypoxia might be observed in these conditions? In a child during the first three months after birth a Hemoglobin A severe form of hypoxia was indicated. The reason for this might be a disorder of the replacement of fetal hemoglobin to: Methemoglobin Hemoglobin C Hemoglobin S Hemoglobin M Disorders of primary structure of the protein lead to Chromatography changes in its physicochemical and functional properties. Which of the above methods might be used for identification of abnormal hemoglobins? Hydrolysis Electrophoresis Ultracentrifugatio n X-ray analysis 315 318 319 Haptoglobin In a patient with glomerulonephritis a nitrogenemia Urea is observed. What substance makes the greatest contribution to the rest nitrogen? Amino acids Creatinin Uric acid Ammonia salts Liver Stomach Spleen Intestines 321 According to blood analysis of the patient the rest Kidneys nitrogen consists 48 mmols/l, urea – 15.3 mmols/l. What organ disease may cause such results of laboratory investigation? AlAT (GPT) AsAT (GOT) Gamma-amylase 322 Ambulance delivered a patient to the hospital with a Alpha-amylase preliminary diagnosis “acute pancreatitis”. What enzyme activity must be estimated in blood and urine in order to support this diagnosis? Lactate dehydrogenase In diagnostics of myocardial infarction the next H4 isoform of lactate dehydrogenase in blood has diagnostic significance: H3M (iso 2) H2M2 (iso 3) HM3 (iso 4) M4 In a patient with symptoms of enhanced blood Antithrombin III coagulability (thromboses, thrombophlebitis) heparin was injected, never the less coagulation was not inhibited. What protein factor deficiency of anticoagulant system may exists in a patient? Which of the following drugs would be best to use Heparin on a patient who has just had a heart attack? 2-Macroglobulin I –inhibitor of proteinases Antithromboplasti ne Anticonvertin Tissue plasminogen activator Dicoumarol Warfarin Thrombin Which of the following immunoglobulins is a IgA secretory component of saliva and inhibits the adsorption of bacteria on tooth enamel? IgM IgD Patient with the symptoms of the increased blood Antithrombin III coagulation (thromboses, thrombophlebitis) was treated parenterally with an anticoagulant – heparin. However the speed blood coagulation did not decreased. The deficit of what protein factor of the anticoagulation system of blood is observed? α2-macroglobulin α1-inhibitor of proteinases 320 323 324 325 326 327 (iso 1) IgG (iso 5) IgE Antithromboplasti n Anticonvertin Potassium oxalate 328 In the patients blood there was detected certainly Heparin high activity of protrombin that is the threat of vessels thrombosis. What preparation should be used in this case? Radioimmune analysis 329 During the test on AIDS there were got two PCR positive results of imunoenzyme analysis (IEA). What method might be used for the exception of pseudopositive result got with IEA? In fecal masses of newborn child consuming a High content of natural feeding high content of IgA was detected. IgA in mother’s This condition depends from: milk Increased synthesis of Decreased IgA synthesis of IgM 330 331 Patient was transported to the clinic with suspicion on the myocardial infarction. For the prophylaxis of thrombogenesis he was prescribed a preparation of fibrinolysine (plazmin), which catalyze transformation of? Streptokinase as a medical preparation is used for revascularization of occluded by thrombus blood vessels. It possesses the following biological activity: Fibrine peptides into Fibrinogen into fibrin Luminescence analysis Sodium oxalate Ethylene diamine acetate tetra Immunofluoresce nce Molecular hybridization Decreased synthesis of IgD Increased synthesis of IgA and IgM Protrombin into Proconvertin into Plasminogen trombin convertin into plasmin Arrests the polymerization of fibrin monomers Inhibits cross linking of fibrin filaments Dissolves fibrin filaments by proteolysis Inhibits the activity of thrombin In blood serum of a patient a marked increase in Acute pancreatitis activity of trypsine, alpha-amylase and lipase was detected. What disease can be considered? Cholestasis Chronic hepatitis Malignant tumors Insecticide poisoning Blood plasma proteins of a healthy person were γ–Globulin resolved by electrophoresis at pH 8,6 into several fractions. What fraction possesses the greatest electrophoretic mobility in indicated conditions? α–Globulin β–Globulin Albumin Fibrinogen Albumin βGlobulin γGlobulin 335 In acute phase of pneumonia an increase in αGlobulin proportion of the next protein fraction in blood serum can be observed: Immunoglobulin D 336 39 years old man was admitted into hospital with Decrease in symptoms of nephrotic syndrome. What changes in albumin blood proteins caused tissue swelling? content Decrease in 1globulin content Increase in globulins content Decrease inglobulin content Increase in 2globulins content. 332 333 334 Activates plasminogen Sodium citrate 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 In diagnostics of an acute viral hepatitis estimation Alanyl of the next enzymatic activity in blood serum is the aminotransferase most valuable: Glutathion peroxidase Creatine kinase Amylase Alkaline phosphatase In rickets the next enzyme activity is highly Alkaline elevated in blood serum: phosphatase Aldolase Alanyl aminotransferas e Amylase Lactate dehydrogenase In prostatic carcinoma marked increase in activity of Acid phosphatase the next enzyme in blood serum is observed: Aldolase Alanyl aminotransferas e Lactate dehydrogenase Alkaline phosphatase In mumps the next enzyme activity is highly Amylase elevated in blood serum: Aldolase Alanyl aminotransferas e Lactate dehydrogenase Alkaline phosphatase A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant excess of glycogen. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose concentration? Low (absent) Low (absent) activity activity of of hexokinase glycogene phosphorylase in liver High activity of glycogen synthetase In neonates after birth during 5-6 days develops UDP-glucuronyl jaundice. The cause of this disorder is insufficient transferase activity of the following enzyme: Porphobilinogen synthase Low (absent) Deficit of a gene activity of glucose that is 6-phosphatase responsible for synthesis of glucose 1phosphaturidine transferase Aminolevulinate Heme oxygenase Biliverdin synthease reductase In blood of a patient was found an increased content D, K, A of total bilirubin, in urea were detected bilirubin diglucuronides, absence of stercobilin in feces (acholic stool). What vitamins deficiency can be developed i9n this special case? In a patient was recognized congenital liver disease, Crigler-Najjar which is accompanied with high bilirubinemia due syndrome to increase in free (nonconjugated) bilirubin. In liver biopsia was detected trace activity of glucuronyl transferase. What disease can be recognized? B1, B2, B6. PP, C, U Biothin and lipoic acid (vitamin N) B1 (pangamic acid). Gilbert syndrome Physiological jaundice Dubin-Johnson syndrome Wilson disease 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical blood indices of this child? A patient suffering from rheumatism was administered glucocorticoids therapy. What changes in carbohydrate metabolism in liver can be expected? Disorder of Activated processes of Disorder of ammonia aminoacids biogenic amines neutralization in decarboxylation neutralization ornithinic cycle Increased purtefaction proteins intestines Stimulation of gluconeogenesis Stimulation of Increase of glycogen glycogen phosphorolysis phosphorylase activity Stimulation glycogenesis A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark- Unconjugated yellow feces. What substance will have bilirubin strengthened concentration in the blood serum? Conjugated bilirubin A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became dark-yellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance: A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical presentations as vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood analysis revealed hyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of which biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient? A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulline. What metabolic process is disturbed? Conjugated bilirubin of Stimulation of glycogen hydrolysis Verdoglobin Biliverdin Unconjugated bilirubin Biliverdin Mesobilirubin Urobilinogen Disturbed neutralization of ammonia in liver Disturbed neutralization of biogenic amines Increased putrefaction of proteins in bowels Activation of aminoacid decarboxylation Inhibition of transamination enzymes Ornithinic cycle Tricarboxylic acid cycle Glycolysis Cori cycle Glyconeogenesi s Hepatic jaundice Posthepatic jaundice Tumor of Addison’s pancreas and disease occlusion of bile duct Hepatic Prehepatic jaundice Jaundice of neonates type In a patient with jaundice it was detected a block in Prehepatic transformation of bilirubin to bilirubin jaundice diglucuronide. The concentration of indirect bilirubin in blood was markedly increased. What pathology can be suggested in a patient? In 35 years old patient a jaundice was revealed, as Post-hepatic well as fever, bradycardia. Laboratory investigation revealed increase in direct and indirect bilirubin, appearance of direct bilirubin and bile acids in urine, missing of stercobilinogen in feces. What type of jaundice can be expected? Mesobilirubin Inhibited of activity of in transamination enzymes Gilbert disease Investigation of patient indicated on inflammatory processes in gall bladder, alteration of colloidal stability and high risk of bile stones formation. What substance from listed below favors the formation of bile stones? In 14 years old patient a hereditary liver pathology was expected. It was detected high content of direct bilirubin in blood, deposition of melanin in liver due to alteration of bilirubin excretion to bile by liver cells. This state is characteristic to the next disease: A man is resting after intensive physical effort. Which from different pathways of glucose metabolism is the most active at this time? Cholesterol Urates Phosphates Oxalates Lecithine Dubin-Johnson syndrome Crigler-Najjar syndrome Gilbert disease Physiological jaundice Wilson disease Gluconeogenesis from lactate Glycolysis Glycogenolysis Breakdown of glycogen to glucose Gluconeogenesi s from amino acids Inhibition of protein synthesis Detoxification function Excretory function Production of bile Secretion of lipoproteins to blood A. Alteration of 357 In a patient suffering from liver cirrhosis concentration of albumin in blood plasma is 15 g/l (normal value 32-55 g/l), prothrombine test – 40 seconds (normal value – 12-20 sec.). To what functional disorder in liver indicate these changes? In a patient with toxic damage of liver was revealed low concentration of urea in blood plasma. The cause of this may be the next: Absence of alanil aminotransgferase in liver cells Deficiency in blood ammonia concentration Deficiency of CO2 and restriction of urea synthesis Hypopotassemia Hyperpotassemi a Hypocupremia 358 After prolong vomiting and diarrhea in a patient is Hypomagnesemia observed tachycardia, skin dryness, muscular hypotonia and apathia. Such state can be caused by: Excess of ammonia, which inhibits enzymes of urea synthesis Hypercupremia 359 What disorders of water and mineral metabolism Hypoosmolar can be expected in a worker, having a job in hot dehydration conditions? Hyperosmolar dehydration Cellular hyperhydration Extracellular hyperhydration Isotonic hyperhydration In a patient after thyroid gland surgery cramps and convulsions appeared, hyperreflexia and hyperexcitability were observed. Preliminary diagnosis is hypocalcaemia, which may be caused by: Hyperparathyreosis due to tumor developement from cells of parathyroid gland Overdose of vitamin E Overdose of vitamin D Insulin insufficiency 353 354 355 356 360 ornithine cycle of urea synthesis Hypoparathyreosi s, induced by extirpation of parathyroid glands 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 In a patient a development of calcium deposits in soft tissues, stones in urinary ducts are observed. Preliminary diagnosis is hypercalcemia, which may be caused by: Hyperparathyreos is due to tumor development from cells of parathyroid glands Vitamin D deficiency Hypoparathyreo sis, induced by injury of parathyroid glands during thyroid gland surgery Insulin insufficiency Insulin overproduction Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the following way: A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was treated with diuretics. There appeared serious muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, AP- 100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by intensified excretion with urine of: A 50-year-old patient complains about general weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Such condition might be caused by: Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the following way: In a patient after thyroid gland surgery crumps and convulsions appeared, hyperreflexia and hyperexcitability were observed. Preliminary diagnosis is hypocalcemia, which may be caused by: To increase phosphorus content To increase calcium content To reduce fluorine content To increase iron content To reduce iron content Potassium Sodium Chlorine Calcium Phosphates Hypokaliemia Hypoproteinemia Hyperkaliemia Hypophosphatemi a Hyponatremia To increase phosphorus content To increase calcium content To reduce To increase iron To reduce iron fluorine content content content Hypoparathyreosi s, induced by extirpation of parathyroid glands Hyperparathyreosis due to tumor developement from cells of parathyroid gland Overdose of vitamin E Overdose vitamin Hypopotassemia Hyperpotassemi a Hypocupremia After prolong vomiting and diarrhea in a patient is Hypomagnesemia observed tachycardia, skin dryness, muscular hypotonia, apathia. Such state can be caused by: of Insulin insufficiency Hypercupremia 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 In a patient a development of calcium deposits in soft tissues, stones in urinary ducts are observed. Preliminary diagnosis is hypercalcemia, which may be caused by: Hyperparathyreos is due to tumor development from cells of parathyroid glands Hypoparathyreosis, induced by injury of parathyroid glands during thyroid gland surgery Vitamin deficiency A 50-year-old patient complains about general weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Such condition might be caused by: In a patient a development of calcium deposits in soft tissues, stones in urinary ducts are observed. Preliminary diagnosis is hypercalcemia, which may be caused by: Hypokaliemia Hypophosphatemia Hypoproteinemi a Hyperparathyreos is due to tumor development from cells of parathyroid glands Hypoparathyreosis, induced by injury of parathyroid glands during thyroid gland surgery Vitamin deficiency A 50-year-old patient complains about general weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Such condition might be caused by: A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was treated with diuretics. There appeared serious muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, AP100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by intensified excretion with urine of: Patient N. was admitted to clinic with complaints for pains in renal areas. The most informative biochemical indexes for evaluation of kidney functional state is determination of: Hypokaliemia Hypophosphatemia Hypoproteinemi a Hyperkaliemia Hyponatremia Potassium Sodium Chlorine Calcium Phosphates Creatine in blood Creatinine in blood serum and in serum and in urine urine Urine of a patient in reaction with iron chloride Homogentisic gives purple-red coloration, by exposure on air is acid quiqely darkening. Patient complains for pains in junctions. What substance metabolism is impaired in this case? Para-aminobenzoic acid D Insulin insufficiency Hyperkaliemia D Insulin insufficiency Insulin overproduction Hyponatremia Insulin overproduction Creatinine in red Creatine in red blood cells and blood cells and in in blood plasma plasma Creatine and creatinine in blood plasma. δ– Aminolevulinic acid Fumarylacetoac etic acid Pangamic acid Alanine metabolism Urea synthesis 375 In 15 years old boy, suffering from alkaptonuria, Tyrosine urine after standing changes to a black color. This metabolism disease is hereditary disorder of: Uric acid biosynthesis Cysteine metabolism Arginase 376 In urine of patient M. a high content of Argininosuccinat argininosuccinate is detected. What enzyme e lyase deficiency exists in a body? Argininosuccina te synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase Tryptophan-5monooxygenase Arginase 377 In a patient argininemia and argininuria is observed. Glutamate Urea content in blood and in urine is decreased. dehydrogenase What enzyme deficiency has a place? Ornithine carbamoyl transferase Argininosuccinate synthetase Tryptophan-5monooxygenase 65 years old man , suffering from gout, complains Bilirubin for pains in kidney area. In course of ultrasound diagnostics renal stones were detected.. Increased concentration of what substance is the most probable cause of stones formation in this case? In patient S. blood glucose level is over the renal Diabetes mellitus threshold, polyuria is observed, as well as acidosis and ketonuria. What pathological state can be suggested? Uric acid Urea Cystine Cholesterol Hypercorticism Starvation Addison disease Hyperthyreosis In 13 years old girl a hypotension and polyuria is Vasopressine observed. Preliminary diagnosis – diabetes insipidus. It is caused by deficiency of: Cortisol Aldosterone Adrenalin Oxytocine In diabetes mellitus and during starvation an Acetyl-CoA increase of ketone bodies in blood and in urine is observed. Chose the substance from which ketone bodies are produced: Citrate Succinyl CoA Α-Ketoglutarate Malate Excretion of ammonium cation with urine is increased in the next condition: Respiratory alkalosis Hyperlipidemia Hypoproteinemia Obesity Coproporphyrinogen oxidase Uroporphyrinog endecarboxylase Tryptophan pyrrolase Heme synthase 378 379 380 381 382 383 Metabolic acidosis In patient T. erythropoietic porphyria was Uroporphirinogen recognized (Gunter”s disease): urine and teeth are of synthase redish shadow due to uroporphyrin accumulation.Insufficiency of what enzyme from listed below may be observed? 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 In boy P. suffering from mental underdevelopement the consumption of milk induces vomiting and diarrhea. In blood is detected glucose-1-phosphate on a background of low concentration of glucose and very high contentratyion of reducing sugars. In urine is detected galactose. Indicated symptoms are connected with deficiency of: In a patient a Konovalov-Wilson disease was recognized, at which excretion of copper with urine is observed, as well as deposition of copper in organs and tissues. What protein biosynthesis is damaged as the most probable cause of this disease? In large intestine microorganisms synthesize vitamins that participate in organism’s biochemical processes. What vitamins are mainly synthesized by microflora? Parents of the 10-year-old child have made an appointment with endocrinologist due to complaints of child’s low height. The child’s appearance is corresponding with that of 5-year-old child.What hormon secretion disorder causes such physical development changes? During calculous cholecystitis attack the patient has developed the following symptoms: saponated feces and steatorrhea. What stage of fats metabolism is disrupted according to those symptoms? During gastric secretory function research decrease of hydrochloric acid concentration in gastric juice was detected. What enzyme will be less active in such a condition? Information transfer from peptide hormones to intracellular second messengers occures involving adenylate cyclase. What reaction is catalyzed by adenylate cyclase? Galactose-1UDP-glucose phosphate uridyl pyrophosphorylase transferase Lactase UDP-glucose-4 epimerase Galactokinase Ceruloplasmin Transferrine Haptoglobin Properdin Cryoglobuline K, B12 A, C E, PP B1, B2 B6, E Somatotropic hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Thyroxin Testosterone Insulin Fat digestion, absorption and secretion Fat absorption Intermediary metabolism of fats Fats metabolism in adipose tissue Pepsin Amylase Lipase Dipeptidase Hexokinase Cyclic adenosine monophosphate production ATP breakdown into ADP and inorganic phosphate ATP synthesis from adenosine 391 392 393 394 395 396 `397 When hydrogen peroxide solution is administered to bleeding wounds, it is broken up by one of the blood enzymes. Point out this enzyme. Catalase Monoamine oxidase Cytochrome oxidase Aspartate aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenase Catabolism of body’s own tissue proteins is intensified during such diseases as thyrotoxicosis and tuberculosis. This process is attended by intensive synthesis in liver and subsequent excretion with urine of the following: Natural peptides can carry out various functions. What biologically active peptide is one of the main antioxidants and carries out coenzyme functions? Urea Glucose Acetone bodies Fatty acids Nucleotides Glutathione Bradykinin Oxytocin Releasing hormone (Liberine) Anserine A newborn infant has hemolytic jaundice caused by rhesus incompatibility. What bile pigment will be concentrated highest in the blood of this infant? The 49-year-old female patient suffering long-term from pancreatic diabetes has developed the following symptoms after administering insulin: weakness, facial pallor, palpitation, anxiety, double vision, numbness of lips and tongue apex. Glucose molar concentration in blood was 2,5 mmol/l. What complication has developed in the patient? The 56-year-old patient has developedmegaloblastic anemia in the course of alcoholic cirrhosis. What vitamin deficiency is the main cause of anemia in this patient? L-DOPA and its derivatives are used in treatment of Parkinson’s disease. What aminoacid is this substance made of? Unconjugated bilirubin Conjugated bilirubin Urobilinogen Stercobilinogen Bile acids Hypoglycemic coma Hyperosmolar coma Hyperglycemic coma Hyperketonemic coma Uremic coma Folic acid Lipoic acid Biotin Thiamine Pantothenic acid Tyrosine Asparagine Glutamate Tryptophan Arginine 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 Ketoacidosis occurs during starvation. What metabolite blood concentration increase is symptomatic of this medical condition? Acetoacetate Oxaloacetate Malonate Beta-hydroxybetamethylglutaryl- CoA The patient with myocardial infarction has been prescribed statines, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, to prevent complications. What enzyme activity is suppressed by these medicines? Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides by binding with 30Ssubunit of ribosome prevents formylmethionyl-tRNA joining. What process is disrupted due to this effect? Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides by binding with 30S subunit of ribosome prevents formylmethionyl-tRNA joining. What process is disrupted due to this effect? The patient with mushroom poisoning has developed the following symptoms: yellow coloring of skin and sclera, dark-colored urine. Hemolytic jaundice was diagnosed.What pigment causes such coloring of the patient’s urine? The patient has hypovitaminosis PP. What amino acid taken with meals partially compensates patient’s need for vitamin PP? Beta-GHBreductase Hydroxylase Lecithincholesterol acyltransferase Esterase Oxygenase Translation initiation Translation termination Transcription initiation Transcription termination Replication initiation Translation initiation Translation termination Transcription initiation Transcription termination Replication initiation Stercobilin Conjugated bilirubin Biliverdin Unconjugated bilirubin Verdohemoglob in Tryptophan Phenylalanine Valine Arginine Methionine The 13-year-old female patient having suffered from measles complains of dry mouth, thirst, body weight loss, polyuria, her glucose concentration in blood is 16 mmol/l. What disease can be suspected? Type I pancreatic diabetes Type II pancreatic diabetes Diabetes insipidus Steroidogenic diabetes Glycogenosis 405 406 407 408 409 410 During long-term carbon tetrachloride poisoning of animals significant activity drop of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase in hepatocytes was detected. What metabolic process is disrupted in this case? Nucleoproteins contain significant amount of alkaline proteins.What propteins carry out structural function in chromatin? Protein biosynthesis DNA replication RNA transcription Post-translational modification of peptides Reparation Protamines and histones Albumines and globulines Prolamines and glutenins Hemoglobin and myoglobin Interferones and mucin The poultry factory worker, who has been consuming 5 or more raw eggs daily, complains of weakness, drowsiness, muscle pain, loss of hair, seborrhea. What vitamin deficiency causes such condition? The patient has icteritous skin; unconjugated bilirubin content in blood is high; conjugated bilirubin in urine is not detected. There is significant amount of urobilin in urine and stercobilin in feces. Name the pathology characterized by given symptoms. Oligomycin antibiotic is prescribed to the patient with tuberculosis. What mitochondrial process is slowed down by this medicine? H (biotin) C (ascorbic acid) A (retinol) B1 (thiamine) B2 (riboflavin) Hemolytic jaundice Obstructive jaundice Jaundice of the newborn Hepatocellular jaundice Atherosclerosis Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-linked phosphorylation Microsomal oxidation Lipid peroxidation Oxidative decarboxylation The patient has been admitted to the hospital with complaints of general fatigue, headache, lumbago, edema of face and extremities. Urine analysis revealed proteinuria, hematuria and cylindruria.What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edema formation during glomerulonephritis? Decrease of oncotic blood pressure Increase of vascular permeability Increase of hydrodynamic blood pressure Hormonal disbalance Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in the 52-year-old female patient with pancreatic diabetes. What process intensification has caused lenticular opacity? Detoxication rate is 4 times lower in children than in adults.What enzyme necessary for toxic compounds conjugation has low activity in children? Protein glycosylation Lipolysis Ketogenesis Protein proteolysis Gluconeogenesi s Glucuronosyltran sferase ALAT AspAT Creatine phosphokinase LDH1 Certain drugs can stimulate liver to synthesize enzyme systems taking part in drugs and toxines metabolism. What compound stimulates drug metabolism in liver microsomes? Barbiturates are used as soporifics. These substances, similarly to rotenone, are tissue respiration inhibitors. What complex level do these compounds suppress respiratory chain at? Inhibitors of one of the amides metabolism enzymes are used to treat depression. What enzyme inhibition has such an effect? Phenobarbital Heparine Menadione sodium bisulfite Sulfanilamide Aspirin NADH-coenzyme Cytochrome oxidase Q reductase Cytochrome C reductase Adenosine triphosphate synthetase Succinate dehydrogenase Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)- containing monoamine oxidase (MAO) Acetylcholineste Formylkynurenin Kynurenine 3rase ase hydroxylase (Arylformamidase ) 416 Due to prolonged taking of phenobarbital the epileptic patient has developed tolerance for this drug. What is this phenomenon based on? Biotransformatio n acceleration Absorption process weakening Increase of receptor sensitivity Biotransformation suppression Substance accumulation in body Purine nucleotides Metalloproteins Lipoproteins Glycoproteins Ketone bodies 417 A patient with ischemic heart disease has been administered inosine which is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of: Disturbance of glucose reabsorption in the nephron tubules Insulin deficiency Hyperfunction of adrenal medulla Hyperfunction of thyroid gland 418 A patient has been found to have sugar in the urine. Blood glucose is normal. Arterial pressure is normal. What is the mechanism of glycosuria development in this case? 411 412 413 414 415 419 Amylolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. They have an effect upon the following chemical bond: Glycosidic Hydrogen Peptide Amide Phosphodiester Which of the following names corresponds with the formula: Nicotinic acid amide Isonicotinic acid amide Picolinic acid amide Salicylic acid amide Anthranilic acid amide Depressive states can be treated by means of drugs inhibiting the enzyme that inactivates biogenic amines. Specify this enzyme: MAO (monoamine oxidase) LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) CPK (creatine phosphokinase) AST (aspartate aminotransferase) ALT (alanine aminotransferas e) A newborn born to an Rh-negative mother (3rd pregnancy) presents with progressing jaundice, symptoms of CNS excitation, anemia. What type of jaundice is it? Blood serum electrophoresis revealed interferon. This protein is in the following fraction: Hemolytic Parenchymatous Obstructive Parasitic Toxic γ-globulins α1-globulins α2-globulins β-globulins Albumins A patient has been hospitalized for chronic heart failure. Objectively: skin and mucous membranes are cyanotic, the patient has tachycardia, tachypnea. What type of hypoxia has developed in the patient? Urine analysis revealed a decrease in sodium ion concentration. Which hormone provides an enhanced reabsorption of sodium ions in the convoluted nephron tubules? A 40-year-old patient has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia induced by damage to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. What hormone deficiency causes such disorders? Circulatory Anemic Hemic Tissue Hypoxic Aldosterone Vasopressin Somatostatin Adrenaline Acetylcholine Vasopressin Oxytocin Corticotropin Somatotropin Thyrotropin 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 A patient consulted a doctor about sunburns, decreased visual acuity.His hair, skin and eyes are not pigmented. He has been diagnosed with albinism. The patient presents with the following enzyme deficiency: Fatty degeneration of liver is prevented by lipotropic substances. Which of the following substances relates to them? Tyrosinase Arginase Carbonic anhydrase Histidine decarboxylase Hexokinase Methionine Cholesterol Bilirubin Glycine Glucose patient has an increased concentration of hippuric acid in the urine. This acid is the product of benzoic acid detoxification in the liver of. In the human body benzoic acid is formed from the following amino acid: A patient has obstruction of the common bile duct. Which of these substances is usually found in urine in such cases? Phenylalanine Succinate Lactate Aspartate Malate A hospital admitted a patient with arterial hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis, complaints of persistent nausea and headache. The main element in the pathogenesis of hypertension is the activation of the following system: The end product of starch hydrolysis is: Reninangiotensin Hypothalamicpituitary Kallikrein-kinin Sympathoadrenal Parasympathetic D-glucose D-fructose Saccharose Maltose D-galactose 2,4-dinitrophenol Carbon monoxide Antimycin A Lactic acid Acetyl-CoA 431 It is known that some chemical compounds uncouple the tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Name one of these compounds: Gaseous acidosis Secretory alkalosis Gaseous alkalosis Non-gaseous alkalosis Non-gaseous acidosis 432 A patient with pneumosclerosis has blood pH at the rate of 7,34. Analysis of gas formula of blood showed hypercapnia. Urine analysis revealed an acidity increase. What form of acid-base disbalance is the case? 425 426 427 427 430 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 A 70-year-old patient has been found to have atherosclerosis of heart and brain vessels. Examination revealed the changes in the lipid profile. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is greatly influenced by an increase in the following lipoproteins rate: The primary structure of nucleic acids is a polynucleotide chain which has a certain composition and order of the nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this structure? A 28-year-old male got a burn that caused an increase in spontaneous secretion of gastric juice. It is associated with secretion of the following substance: Low-density lipoprotein Very-low-density lipoproteins Intermediatedensity lipoproteins High-density lipoprotein Chylomicrons 3’,5’phosphodiester Peptide Glycosidic Disulfide Amide Histamin Secretin Gastric inhibitory peptide CholecystokininPancreozymin Serotonin Growth of some cancer cells is caused by a certain growth factor. Treatment of leukemia involves applying an enzyme that destroys this essential factor. Specify this enzyme: Blood pressure is regulated by a number of biologically active compounds. What peptides that enter the bloodstream can affect the vascular tone? Asparaginase Glutaminase Succinate dehydrogenase Citrate synthetase Aspartate aminotransferas e Kinins Leukotrienes Enkephalins Iodothyronines Endorphins Food rich in carbohydrates at first increases the blood glucose and then decreases its rate due to the insulin action. What process is activated by this hormone? A patient has developed megaloblastic anemia on a background of alcoholic cirrhosis. The main cause of anemia in this patient is the following vitamin deficiency: A patient was found to have an increased blood serum LDH-1 activity. In which organ is the pathological process localized? Synthesis of glycogen Gluconeogenesis Breakdown of glycogen Breakdown of proteins Breakdown of lipids Folic acid Lipoic acid Biotin Thiamin Pantothenic acid Heart Liver Kidneys Stomach Muscles Tryptophan Phenylalanine Valine Arginine Methionine 442 A male patient was found to have hypovitaminosis PP. What amino acid taken with food may partially compensate the vitamin PP deficiency? 443 Antidepressants can increase the concentartion of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs? Inhibition of monoamine oxidase Activation of monoamine oxidase Inhibition of xanthine oxidase Activation of acetylcholinestera se nhibition of acetylcholineste rase When chyme enters the duodenum, it stimulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. Which hormone is responsible for release of enzymes being included in digestive juices? Alkaptonuria is characterized by an excessive urinary excretion of homogentisic acid. Development of this disease is associated with disorder of the following amino acid metabolism: The patient uses a daily basis for several raw eggs, which contain antivitamin biotin - avidin. Violations of any phase of lipid metabolism might arise? Cholecystokininpancreozymin Secretin Glucagon Somatostatin Calcitonin Tyrosine Tryptophan Alanine Methionine Asparagine Fatty acid biosynthesis Cholesterol biosynthesis Lipid absorption Glycerol oxidation Lipid transport in blood Chorionic gonadotropin Progesterone Oestradiol Prolactin Oxytocin 447 Early pregnancy can be detected by using the appropriate test. A positive pregnancy test is based on the presence of the following hormone in urine: Glycogen synthesis Protein phosphorylation Pentose phosphate pathway Glycolysis Lipolysis 448 Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase which converts cAMP to AMP. The most typical feature of caffeine intoxication is the reduced intensity of: 444 445 446