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Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ______ Lab: Sexually Reproducing Organisms (Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction) Introduction: Reebops are bizarre, sexually reproducing organisms that are known to inhabit biology labs. They are rarely seen in the wild as they are extremely fast. Once you have a male and female in captivity, your room will soon be filled with Reebops. They are very prolific and require minimal care. My Reebops live quite comfortably in a covered shoebox with small holes punched in the sides for ventilation. This species is ideal for studying traits that pass from one generation to the next. They have a short life span (two lab periods), reproduce in fairly large numbers, are cheap to raise, and have a number of easily identified traits. Purpose: How can genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms be modeled? Materials: Pipe cleaner Toothpicks thumbtacks and T-Pins parent chromosomes colored mini-marshmallows large white marshmallows Part I 1. Each group will receive one set of each parent’s chromosomes. 2. Orange chromosomes are from the mother and green are from the father 3. Cut the chromosomes out of the sheets and place them in front of you, letter side down. What is the most obvious way of identifying the chromosomes? If these were pictures of human chromosomes, how many would there be? __________ In human males, one set of chromosomes don’t match. This is the twenty-third or sex chromosomes. In females they match. Which human parent determines the sex of the child? 4. What is the name of the process by which human chromosomes are separated and identified? Part II 5. Pick one chromosome from each of the mother’s pairs and separate it from the other chromosomes. These are the “picked” chromosomes. Do the same for the father’s chromosomes. What part of sexual reproduction does this action represent? 6. Place the “picked” chromosomes from the mother and add them to the pile of “picked” chromosomes from the father. What part of sexual reproduction does this action represent? 7. Match the mother’s and father’s chromosomes by size. Turn them over and record the results on the Reebop Gene Data Table. 8. Fill in the rest of the table with phenotype, parts needed, and number of parts needed. 9. Using your completed table, gather together all the parts you will need to build your baby Reebop. ** Do not eat any part of your baby Reebop. ** 10. Construct your baby Reebop. Once you’ve finished, select a name for your baby and write it on a sheet of paper, along with your name and your partner’s name. 11. Describe the characteristics of your baby Reebop. 12. Make a drawing of your baby in the space provided. Label the parts that the alleles code for. Include its name. Analyze: 13. Good Reebop parents raise young in a nursery. The nursery is on the lab counter in the back of the lab. Place your baby on your identification sheet in the nursery area. 14. Compare your offspring with the other newborns. Are any two alike? 15. Why are there differences in the babies? 16. What would it take to make two newborns identical? 17. Why would brothers and sisters be similar? 18. Which trait(s) in Reebops appears to blend and show incomplete dominance? Why do you think so? 19. Which trait(s) in Reebops appears to be codominant? Why do you think so? Conclusion: (Remember: Multiple paragraphs. Restate the question in your response. Double space, 12-point font. When possible, refer to your Reebop baby to substantiate your conclusion.) Describe what happens to chromosomes when they go through replication, synapsis, and disjunction. Explain why brothers and sisters are not identical even though they come from the same parents. Use two of Mendel’s laws to explain your answer. What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome? How is a dominant trait different from a recessive one? How is incomplete dominance different from dominant/recessive? What is nondisjuction? What are the genetic results when nondisjunction occurs? Describe one specific example of nondisjunction in humans. Reebop Genetic Decoder: Alleles: A = 2 antenna HO = orange back humps (1 for each allele) a = 0 antenna HP = pink back humps (1 for each allele) HO HP = 1 orange & 1 pink back hump Q = green nose q= yellow nose E = 2 eyes e = 3 eyes L = 4 red legs l = 4 blue legs TC = curly tail TS = straight tail TC TS = wavy tail D = 3 body segments d = 2 body segments The color of the parent chromosomes: Mother’s chromosomes: orange Father’s chromosomes: green Reebop Gene Data Table Allele Pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Genotype Phenotype Part Needed # of Parts Needed Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ______ Lab: Sexually Reproducing Organisms (Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction) Grade Sheet Points Your Points Part I 4 ________ Part II 4 ________ Data Table 14 ________ Drawing 10 ________ Relatedness of terminology 8 ________ Construction 10 ________ Analyze 12 ________ Conclude 28 ________ Neatness 10 ________ Total 100 ________