Download 任课院系：资源环境学院 环境系 任课教师：张颖

环境学试题（开卷）A
任课院系：资源与环境学院 环境科学系
开课专业班级：资环保 06
任课教师：张颖
出题人： 张颖
课程名称：环境学
考生人数：88
英语生作答
Part A: Words explanation（40’）
1. Environmental Science 2. Ecosystem 3. Conservation Ethic
4. Ethics and Morals
5. Risk assessment 6. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics 7. Catalysts
8. Respiration
9. Limiting Factor
10 .Habitat
11. Niche
12. Community
13. Food Chain and Food Web
14.Decomposers 15 Succession 16. Phytoplankton
17 .Population
18. Carrying Capacity
19. Renewable Energy
20. Integrated Pest Management
Part B: Choose the right answer（30’）
1. The use of pesticides in agriculture often results in both surface water and groundwater
pollution.
a: True
b: False
2.
Environmental problems are difficult to resolve mainly because
a: the problems are technically too complex.
b: they are interrelated with societal issues like jobs and growth.
c: the required anti-pollution equipment is not commercially available.
d: industries continue to pollute.
3. If PCB concentrations in phytoplankton in a lake are in the neighborhood of 0.002 ppm
(parts per million) while PCB concentrations in lake water are 200 times lower, you would
attribute the effect to
a: biomagnification.
b: bioaccumulation.
c: biodegradation.
d: biogeneration.
4. All of the following statements about ecosystems are true EXCEPT:
a: Ecosystems refer to the physical components of the environment.
b: Ecosystems may be large or small in size.
c: Lake Erie is an ecosystem.
d: Ecosystem boundaries may or may not be distinct.
5. Which is NOT a theory of environmental ethics?
a: anthropocentricism
b: biocentricism
c: ethnocentricism
d: ecocentricism
6. How does the gap between rich and poor countries contribute to the current environmental
crisis?
a: Developed countries consume a disproportionate share of the resources.
b: Rapid industrialization in developing countries poisons cities.
c:
Increased agricultural production in developing countries often destroys soils
and forests.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
d: All of the above.
Cancer causing chemicals are called
a: mutagens
b: carcinogens
c: seraphims
d: androgens
When people try to weigh whether a particular policy is worth the costs, they engage in
a: price reductions
b: risk assessment
c: cost-benefit analysis
d: sustainable development
Which of the following IS NOT an element of the scientific method?
a: observation
b: hypothesis
c: experimentation
d: theory
Which of the following IS NOT a chemical compound?
a: sugar
b: dioxin
c: oxygen
d: sulfur dioxide
Through living organisms return carbon to the atmosphere.
a: photosynthesis
b: respiration
c: transpiration
d: evaporation
Acid rain with a pH of 4 is ____ times as acidic as rain of pH 6.
a: 2
b: 4
c: 100
d: 1000
Many plants have nitrogen fixing bacteria that live in their root nodules. This is an example
of
a: commensalism
b: mutualism
c: competition
d: ecological communities
In a grassland, when tall grasses shade out short, shade intolerant species ecologists call this
interaction
a: parasitism
b: predation
c: competition
d: commensalisms
In ecology, the process of more successful individuals surviving and reproducing larger
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
numbers of offspring than unsuccessful individuals can reproduce is called
a: natural selection
b: predation
c: mutualism
d: speciation
A trout cannot live in a slow, warm stream because the oxygen concentration in the water is
too low. In this case, the oxygen concentration is
a: a range of tolerance
b: a niche
c: a limiting factor
d: a delineating factor
Ecologists call the phenomenon "speciation" when two populations of a single species
become separated for a long period of time and, as a result, two species eventually form as
these two subgroups respond to different ecological pressures.
a: True
b: False
The dominant species in a terrestrial pioneer community are
a: grasses
b: beetles
c: lichens
d: conifers
Temperature and precipitation are the two major nonbiological factors that influence the type
of biome that is present in any particular geographic area.
a: True
b: False
Which is an example of a marine ecosystem?
a: estuary
b: pond
c: lake
d: bog
A change in altitude can affect climate in the same way as a change in longitude.
a: True
b: False
Which of the following statements about a climax community is NOT true?
a: It tends to accumulate large amounts of new material over time.
b: It is essentially in energy balance.
c: It is essentially in material balance.
d: It tends to last longer than any other successional community.
The birthrate refers to the annual number of live births per 1000 women in the population
a: True
b: False
At a 1.4% annual growth rate, a population would double in size in about years.
a: 40
b: 50
c: 60
d: 71
The number of individuals added to the population through reproduction is called
a: mortality
b: natality
c: emigration
d: immigration
26. A major non-biological factor that determines family size is the status and education level of
women in a culture.
a: True
b: False
27. In a less-developed country you would find all of the following EXCEPT
a: high population density
b: low percentage of female literacy
c: low per capita GNP
d: All of the above are characteristic of less-developed countries
28. Which of the following fuels is the least-polluting?
a: Coal.
b: Natural gas.
c: Oil.
d: Wood.
29. There is a great difference between the electrical consumption in developed and
less-developed countries
a: True
b: False
30. Which of the following names the form of energy that can be successfully used in buildings,
is relatively cheap to construct, and simply uses the sun to heat a surface, which warms the
inside of the building.
a: photovoltaic cell
b: passive solar
c: active solar
d: geothermal
Part C: Answer the following questions（30’）
1. Describe why finding solutions to environmental problems is so difficult?
2. What is the relationship between Economics and Sustainable Development?
3. How does primary succession differ from secondary succession?
4. How do r-strategists and k-strategists differ?
5. Describe a soil profile.