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Atomic Structure Problem Set PROBLEM SET #3: ATOMIC CONCEPTS I 1. _________ 6. _________ Which pair must represent atoms of the same element? The atoms in a sample of an element must contain nuclei with the same number of 1. and 1. electrons 2. protons 2. and 3. neutrons 3. and 4. nucleons 4. and 2. _________ Which substance is composed of atoms that all have the same atomic number? 1. magnesium 2. methane 3. ethane 4. ethene 3. _________ All samples of an element are composed of atoms with the same 1. atomic mass 2. atomic number 3. number of nucleons 4. number of neutrons 4. _________ In a sample of pure copper, all atoms have atomic numbers which are 1. the same and the atoms have the same number of electrons 2. the same, but the atoms have a different number of electrons 3. different, but the atoms have the same number of electrons 4. different and the atoms have a different number of electrons 7. _________ All the atoms of argon have the same 1. atomic mass 2. atomic number 3. number of neutrons 4. number of nucleons 8. _________ The atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of 1. neutrons in the atom, only 2. protons in the atom, only 3. neutrons plus protons in the atoms 4. protons plus electrons in the atom 9. _________ Two atoms will always have the same atomic number if they have the same 1. mass number 2. number of protons 3. number of neutrons 4. number of nucleons 10. _________ What is the symbol for an atom containing 20 protons and 22 neutrons? 1. 2. 5. _________ In a sample of the element potassium, each atom has 1. 19 protons 2. 20 neutrons 3. 39 protons and neutrons 4. 39 neutrons 3. 4. 11. _________ Which symbol represents an isotope of carbon? 1. 2. 3. 4. 12. _________ Which term refers to the region of an atom where an electron is most likely to be found? 1. orbital 2. orbit 3. quantum 4. spectrum 13. _________ Which statement best describes an electron? 1. It has a smaller mass than a proton and a negative charge. 2. It has a smaller mass than a proton and a positive charge. 3. It has a greater mass than a proton and a negative charge. 4. It has a greater mass than a proton and a positive charge. 14. _________ What is the mass number of an atom which contains 28 protons, 28 electrons and 34 neutrons? 1. 28 2. 56 3. 62 4. 90 15. _________ In an experiment, alpha particles were used to bombard gold foil. As a result of this experiment, the conclusion was made that the nucleus of an atom is 1. smaller than the atom and positively charged 2. smaller than the atom and negatively charged 3. larger than the atom and positively charged 4. larger than the atom and negatively charged 16. _________ Which particles account for most of the mass of the atom? 1. protons and neutrons 2. protons and electrons 3. neutrons and electrons 4. neutrons and positrons 17. _________ How many protons are in the nucleus of an atom of beryllium? 1. 5 2. 2 3. 9 4. 4 18. _________ Which two atoms are isotopes? 1. and 2. and 3. and 4. and 19. _________ What is a possible mass number of a sodium atom? 1. 1 2. 11 3. 12 4. 23 20. _________ Compared to the entire atom, the nucleus of the atom is 1. smaller and contains most of the atom's mass 2. smaller and contains little of the atom's mass 3. larger and contains most of the atom's mass 4. larger and contains little of the atom's mass 21. _________ All isotopes of a given element must have the same 1. atomic mass 2. atomic number 3. mass number 4. number of neutrons 22. _________ Which particle has a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit and a unit positive charge? 1. a neutron 2. a proton 3. a beta particle 4. an alpha particle 28. _________ The total number of electrons in a neutral atom of every element is always equal to the atom's 1. mass number 2. number of neutrons 3. number of protons 4. number of nucleons 23. _________ An atom of carbon-14 contains 1. 8 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons 2. 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 8 electrons 3. 6 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 electrons 4. 6 protons, 8 neutrons and 6 electrons 29. _________ Which atom has a nucleus that contains 13 protons and 14 neutrons? 1. Mg 2. Be 3. Al 4. N 24. _________ What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of 1. 2. 3. 4. ? 82 125 207 289 30. _________ A particle of matter contains six protons, seven neutrons, and six electrons. This particle must be a 1. neutral carbon atom 2. neutral nitrogen atom 3. positively charged carbon ion 4. positively charged nitrogen ion 25. _________ What is the total number of protons in the nucleus of an F- ion? 1. 8 2. 9 3. 10 4. 11 31. _________ Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of all isotopes of hydrogen? 1. proton 2. neutron 3. electron 4. positron 26. _________ Rutherford's gold foil experiment illustrated that the atom 1. is mostly empty space 2. is densely packed with electrons 3. cannot be penetrated by any radiation 4. contains a negatively charged nucleus 32. _________ As the number of neutrons in the nucleus of a given atom of an element increases, the atomic number of that element 1. decreases 2. increases 3. remains the same 27. _________ Which atoms represent different isotopes of the same element? 33. _________ The characteristic bright-line spectrum of an element is produced when its electrons 1. form a covalent bond 2. form an ionic bond 3. move to a higher energy state 4. return to a lower energy state 1. 2. and and 3. and 4. and 34. _________ A substance that is composed only of atoms having the same atomic number is classified as 1. a compound 2. an element 3. a homogeneous mixture 4. a heterogeneous mixture 35. _________ Which symbols represent atoms that are isotopes of each other? 1. 14C and 14N 2. 16O and 18O 3. 131I and 131I 4. 222Rn and 222Ra 36. _________ The atomic mass of an element is defined as the weighted average mass of that element's 1. most abundant isotope 2. least abundant isotope 3. naturally occuring isotopes 4. radioactive isotopes 37. _________ When electrons in an atom in the excited state fall to lower energy levels, energy is 1. absorbed, only 2. released, only 3. neither released nor absorbed 4. both released and absorbed 38. _________ A neutron has approximately the same mass as 1. an alpha particle 2. a beta particle 3. an electron 4. a proton 39. _________ An atom of an element has 28 innermost electrons and 7 outermost electrons. In which period of the Periodic Table is this element located? 1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 40. _________ The major portion of an atom's mass consists of 1. electrons and protons 2. electrons and neutrons 3. neutrons and positrons 4. neutrons and protons 41. _________ Which atom contains exactly 15 protons? 1. phosphorus-32 2. sulfur-32 3. oxygen-15 4. nitrogen-15 42. _________ Which atoms contain the same number of neutrons? 1. and 2. and 3. and 4. and 43. _________ An ion with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and a charge of 3+ has an atomic number of 1. 5 2. 6 3. 8 4. 11 44. _________ Electron X can change to a higher energy level or a lower energy level. Which statement is true of electron X? 1. Electron X emits energy when it changes to a higher energy level. 2. Electron X absorbs energy when it changes to a higher energy level. 3. Electron X absorbs energy when it changes to a lower energy level. 4. Electron X neither emits nor absorbs energy when it changes energy level. 45. _________ Base your answer to the question on the information and the bright-line spectra represented below. Many advertising signs depend on the production of light emissions from gas-filled glass tubes that are subjected to a high-voltage source. When light emissions are passed through a spectroscope, bright-line spectra are produced. 48. _________ Which change occurs when a barium atom loses two electrons? 1. It becomes a negative ion and its radius decreases. 2. It becomes a negative ion and its radius increases. 3. It becomes a positive ion and its radius decreases. 4. It becomes a positive ion and its radius increases. 49. _________ How many electrons are contained in an Au3+ ion? 1. 76 2. 79 3. 82 4. 197 Identify the two gases in the unknown mixture. 1. A and B 2. A and D 3. B and C 4. C and D 46. _________ In the quantum mechanical model, an orbital is a region of space in an atom where there is 1. a high probability of finding an electron 2. a high probability of finding a neutron 3. a circular path in which electrons are found 4. a circular path in which neutrons are found 47. _________ What is the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen-17? 1. 0 2. -2 3. +8 4. +17 50. _________ Which electron configuration represents the electrons of an atom in an excited state? 1. 2-4 2. 2-6 3. 2-7-2 4. 2-8-2 51. _________ In comparison to an atom of in the ground state, an atom of in the ground state has 1. three fewer neutrons 2. three fewer valence electrons 3. three more neutrons 4. three more valence electrons 52. Base your answer on the data table, which shows three isotopes of neon. Based on natural abundances, the average atomic mass of neon is closest to which whole number? 53. _________ Which of these phrases best describes an atom? 1. a positive nucleus surrounded by a hard negative shell 2. a positive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative charges 3. a hard sphere with positive particles uniformly embedded 4. a hard sphere with negative particles uniformly embedded 55. _________ The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of 1. its two most abundant isotopes 2. its two least abundant isotopes 3. all of its naturally occurring isotopes 4. all of its radioactive isotopes 56. _________ Which statement concerning elements is true? 1. Different elements must have different numbers of isotopes. 2. Different elements must have different numbers of neutrons. 3. All atoms of a given element must have the same mass number. 4. All atoms of a given element must have the same atomic number. 54. _________ Which statement is true about a proton and an electron? 1. They have the same masses and the same charges. 2. They have the same masses and different charges. 3. They have different masses and the same charges. 4. They have different masses and different charges. 57. Potassium ions are essential to human health. The movement of dissolved potassium ions, K+(aq), in and out of a nerve cell allows that cell to transmit an electrical impulse. What is the total number of electrons in a potassium ion? 58. Base your answer to the question on the information below, which relates the numbers of neutrons and protons for specific nuclides of C, N, Ne, and S. Using the point plotted on the graph for neon, complete the following table: Element Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Mass Number Nuclide C 6 6 12 C-12 N 7 9 16 N-16 Ne 10 S 16 16 32 S-32