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Transcript
APES Jordan High School UNIT 2: Ecology Textbook Content: Chapter 3, 4, 5, and 11 HW#1: Read p. 50-58; Answer Chapter 3 Questions #1-5 HW#2: Read p. 58-63; Answer Chapter 3 Questions #6-9; Chapter 3 Vocabulary HW#3: Chapter 4 Vocabulary HW#4: Read p. 77-83; Answer Chapter 4 Questions #1-3 HW#5: Read p. 86-93 and p. 116; Answer Chapter 4 Questions #4-9 HW#6: Read p. 83-86; Answer Chapter 4 Questions #10-12 HW#7: Read p. 108-114; Answer Chapter 5 Questions #1-2 HW#8: Read p. 122-131; Answer Chapter 5 Questions #3-5 HW#9: Read p. 281 and 289 and Chapter 11 Vocabulary Vocabulary Chapter 3 Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology Species Mutations Population Artificial selection Natural Selection Biodiversity Adaptation or adaptive trait Endemic Chapter 4 Species Interactions and Community Ecology Zoo plankton Pollinaion Zebra Mussel Commensalism Quaga mussel Community Intraspecific Competition Tundra Interspecific Competition Tiaga Competitive exclusion Temperate Fundamental Niche Chaparral Realized niche Desert Parasitism Tropical Coevolution Scrub Symbiosis Savanna Generalist Specialist Coniferous Permafrost Epiphyte Deciduous Evergreen Mutualism Keystone species Ecological Succession Native species Indicator species Invasive species Chapter 11 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Extirpation of Wild Fauna and Flora Biodiversity hotspots Habitat fragmentation (CITES) Convention on International Endangered Species Act Trade in Endangered Species Questions: Chapter 3 1. Define species. Describe how species are named scientifically. Summarize the role of geographic and reproductive isolation in forming new species. 2. List major steps which have occurred in Earth’s chemical and biological evolution. Include scientific evidence which has led to the theory of evolution. Describe three alternative hypotheses for the formation of complex chemicals necessary for life. List potential sources of energy 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. available for synthesis of biological chemicals. Describe how the first law of thermodynamics and polymers contribute to your understanding of evolution. (power point) Describe connections among mutations, adaptations, differential reproduction, and biological evolution. Describe and provide an example of directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection. List four limits of adaptation to change. Summarize three common misconceptions about evolution. Provide an example of an organisms niche, distinguish between condition and resource; fundamental niche and realized niche. List the factors that determine the realized niche. Distinguish between a specialist and generalist. Evaluate the conditions that favor these two approaches. Describe biodiversity in terms of speciation and extinction. Pick one of the following: GMO’s, cloning, antibiotic development, or selective breeding, and summarize how humans have tinkered with the evolutionary processes. In your discussion include how this disrupts natural speciation, how humanity can use natural selection and evolutionary principles to support more sustainable lifestyles, and ways that humans can restore and rehabilitate an ecosystems. Chapter 4 1. Distinguish among the following species interactions and give one example of each; interspecific competition, predation and, symbiosis. Distinguish between interference competition and exploitation competition. Summarize the competitive exclusion principle. List two strategies species use to reduce competition. 2. List two strategies that predators use to capture their prey. List five strategies that prey use to defend themselves against predators. 3. Distinguish among three forms of symbiotic relationships and give one example of each; parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. Name four types of mutualistic relations. 4. Distinguish among the following roles played by species and give one example of each; native species, nonnative species, indicator species, keystone species. Explain why these labels are important. 5. Define succession. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. List four categories successional species and give one example of each. List three factors that affect how succession occurs. 6. Summarize contributions of disturbances (such as fire) to your understanding of succession. Evaluate the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Support your conclusions with examples from your own experience if possible. Summarize how chaos theory contributes to your understanding of succession. 7. Summarize the theory if island biogeography. Imagine two islands of two different sizes and distances from the mainland. Predict which would show the greatest species diversity. Defend your position. 8. What is the critical role of a keystone species? Name three; explain each the species role in an ecosystem and why the ecosystem will collapse without the species present. 9. Provide an example of an invasive species. What changes did the alien species cause for the ecosystem? 10. How much energy is passed between trophic levels? What happens to the rest of th energy? 11. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? 12. What is the role of detritivores and decomposers in the food web? Chapter 5 1. Describe the Mississippi River’s watershed and how the health of the watershed can influence most of the Midwest. 2. Explain how an ecosystem can be compared to how a machine operates. 3. Compare and contrast how energy and nutrients flow in an ecosystem. 4. Define a limiting factor in an ecosystem. Provide a specific example of a limiting nutrient in an ecosystem and the effect on specific biotic factors. 5. Each nutrient cycle has a reservoir. State the reservoir for each cycle: water, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Provide a specific example of how humans are depleting each reservoir and the environmental result if it becomes a scarce resource. Pick one of the cycles and propose a way to reach sustainability for that nutrient.