Download Ecology Unit Book HW (2016)

APES Jordan High School
UNIT 2: Ecology
Textbook Content: Chapter 3, 4, 5, and 11
HW#1: Read p. 50-58; Answer Chapter 3 Questions #1-5
HW#2: Read p. 58-63; Answer Chapter 3 Questions #6-9; Chapter 3 Vocabulary
HW#3: Chapter 4 Vocabulary
HW#4: Read p. 77-83; Answer Chapter 4 Questions #1-3
HW#5: Read p. 86-93 and p. 116; Answer Chapter 4 Questions #4-9
HW#6: Read p. 83-86; Answer Chapter 4 Questions #10-12
HW#7: Read p. 108-114; Answer Chapter 5 Questions #1-2
HW#8: Read p. 122-131; Answer Chapter 5 Questions #3-5
HW#9: Read p. 281 and 289 and Chapter 11 Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Chapter 3 Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology
Species
Mutations
Population
Artificial selection
Natural Selection
Biodiversity
Adaptation or adaptive trait
Endemic
Chapter 4 Species Interactions and Community Ecology
Zoo plankton
Pollinaion
Zebra Mussel
Commensalism
Quaga mussel
Community
Intraspecific Competition
Tundra
Interspecific Competition
Tiaga
Competitive exclusion
Temperate
Fundamental Niche
Chaparral
Realized niche
Desert
Parasitism
Tropical
Coevolution
Scrub
Symbiosis
Savanna
Generalist
Specialist
Coniferous
Permafrost
Epiphyte
Deciduous
Evergreen
Mutualism
Keystone species
Ecological Succession
Native species
Indicator species
Invasive species
Chapter 11 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology
Extirpation
of Wild Fauna and Flora
Biodiversity hotspots
Habitat fragmentation
(CITES)
Convention on International
Endangered Species Act
Trade in Endangered Species
Questions:
Chapter 3
1. Define species. Describe how species are named scientifically. Summarize the role of geographic
and reproductive isolation in forming new species.
2. List major steps which have occurred in Earth’s chemical and biological evolution. Include
scientific evidence which has led to the theory of evolution. Describe three alternative hypotheses
for the formation of complex chemicals necessary for life. List potential sources of energy
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available for synthesis of biological chemicals. Describe how the first law of thermodynamics and
polymers contribute to your understanding of evolution. (power point)
Describe connections among mutations, adaptations, differential reproduction, and biological
evolution.
Describe and provide an example of directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection.
List four limits of adaptation to change. Summarize three common misconceptions about
evolution.
Provide an example of an organisms niche, distinguish between condition and resource;
fundamental niche and realized niche. List the factors that determine the realized niche.
Distinguish between a specialist and generalist. Evaluate the conditions that favor these two
approaches.
Describe biodiversity in terms of speciation and extinction.
Pick one of the following: GMO’s, cloning, antibiotic development, or selective breeding, and
summarize how humans have tinkered with the evolutionary processes. In your discussion
include how this disrupts natural speciation, how humanity can use natural selection and
evolutionary principles to support more sustainable lifestyles, and ways that humans can restore
and rehabilitate an ecosystems.
Chapter 4
1. Distinguish among the following species interactions and give one example of each; interspecific
competition, predation and, symbiosis. Distinguish between interference competition and exploitation
competition. Summarize the competitive exclusion principle. List two strategies species use to
reduce competition.
2. List two strategies that predators use to capture their prey. List five strategies that prey use to
defend themselves against predators.
3. Distinguish among three forms of symbiotic relationships and give one example of each;
parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. Name four types of mutualistic relations.
4. Distinguish among the following roles played by species and give one example of each; native
species, nonnative species, indicator species, keystone species. Explain why these labels are
important.
5. Define succession. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. List four categories
successional species and give one example of each. List three factors that affect how succession
occurs.
6. Summarize contributions of disturbances (such as fire) to your understanding of succession.
Evaluate the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Support your conclusions with examples from
your own experience if possible. Summarize how chaos theory contributes to your understanding
of succession.
7. Summarize the theory if island biogeography. Imagine two islands of two different sizes and
distances from the mainland. Predict which would show the greatest species diversity. Defend
your position.
8. What is the critical role of a keystone species? Name three; explain each the species role in an
ecosystem and why the ecosystem will collapse without the species present.
9. Provide an example of an invasive species. What changes did the alien species cause for the
ecosystem?
10. How much energy is passed between trophic levels? What happens to the rest of th energy?
11. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
12. What is the role of detritivores and decomposers in the food web?
Chapter 5
1. Describe the Mississippi River’s watershed and how the health of the watershed can influence
most of the Midwest.
2. Explain how an ecosystem can be compared to how a machine operates.
3. Compare and contrast how energy and nutrients flow in an ecosystem.
4. Define a limiting factor in an ecosystem. Provide a specific example of a limiting nutrient in an
ecosystem and the effect on specific biotic factors.
5. Each nutrient cycle has a reservoir. State the reservoir for each cycle: water, carbon, nitrogen
and phosphorus. Provide a specific example of how humans are depleting each reservoir and
the environmental result if it becomes a scarce resource. Pick one of the cycles and propose a
way to reach sustainability for that nutrient.