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33. The sudden release of stored up energy that occurs when two plates or blocks of the earth’s crust suddenly slip and slide past each other along a crack in the earth’s crust is called a(n) ________________________________. P. 91, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 34. The field of geology which is involved with the study of earthquakes is called ________________________. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 35. About ____ million earthquakes occur each year throughout the world and about ____ to ____ occur which are considered to be major earthquakes causing significant damage and destruction. Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 36. The fracture or crack in the earth’s crust along which two plates or blocks of the earth’s crust suddenly break and slide past each other releasing enormous amounts of stored up energy as an earthquake is called a(n) ___________________________________ P. 91, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 37. The three major types of faults (fault lines) along which two plates or blocks of the earth’s crust suddenly break and slide past each other releasing enormous amounts of stored up energy to produce an earthquake are: P.P. 104 – 105, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet A. ____________________________________________ fault B. ____________________________________________ fault C. ____________________________________________ fault 38. The plate or block of rock which sits above or over the fault is called the _____________________ wall and the plate or block of rock which lies under or below the fault is called the ____________________ wall. P. 104, Geology Intro Game 39. In an earthquake that occurs along a(n) __________________________________ fault, the hanging wall moves or slips downward along a divergent plate boundary while the foot wall moves or slips upward. (Example: Rio Grande River Valley in New Mexico) P. 104, Geology Intro Game 40. In an earthquake that occurs along a(n) ______________________________ fault, the hanging wall moves or slips upward along a subduction zone or a convergent plate boundary while the footwall moves or slips downward. (Example: Mountains Surrounding L.A,) P. 105, Geology Intro Game 41. A reverse fault is sometimes called a(n) ________________________________ fault. 42. In an earthquake that occurs along a(n) ______________________________ fault the rocks on either side of the fault move or slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions along a(n) transform plate boundary. (Example: San Andreas Fault Line) P. 105, Geology Intro Game 43. The three major classifications of earthquakes are _________________________________ earthquakes, _______________________________ earthquakes and ________________________________ earthquakes. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 44. A(n) __________________________________ earthquake is a type of earthquake which is usually weak and occurs during a volcanic eruption when molten rock (magma) beneath a volcano moves fracturing surrounding rock layers. (Example: Mt. St. Helens) Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 45. A(n) _____________________________ earthquake is a type of earthquake that can be very powerful and destructive and it usually occurs when rock layers in the earth’s lithosphere suddenly fracture and move along a fault line releasing enormous amounts of stored up energy. (Example: San Andreas Fault) Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 46. A(n) _____________________________ earthquake is a type of earthquake that can be very powerful and destructive and it usually occurs when rock layers in the earth’s lithosphere suddenly fracture and move along a fault line that is not near a volcano or tectonic plate boundary. (Example: New Madrid Fault) 47. About 95% of the world’s strongest earthquakes occur along ______________________________ plate boundaries. Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 48. A(n) ______________________________ belt is a region of the earth’s crust where earthquakes commonly occur. Geology Intro Game, Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 49. The three major seismic belts where most of the world’s major earthquakes occur at are: Geology Intro Game, Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet A. ___________________________________ seismic belt B. ___________________________________ seismic belt C. ___________________________________ seismic belt 50. The point in the earth’s interior where an earthquake originates or starts is called the ____________________ of the earthquake. P. 112, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 51. The point on the earth’s surface directly above the point in the earth’s interior where an earthquake originates or starts is called the _____________________________ of the earthquake. P. 112, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 52. The energy waves produced by an earthquake are called a(n) ______________________________ wave. P. 112-113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 53. The three types of seismic waves produced by an earthquake are: P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet A. _________________________________________ wave ( ______ wave) B. __________________________________________ wave ( ______ wave) C. __________________________________________ wave ( ______ wave) 54. A type of seismic wave produced by an earthquake which travels toward the interior of the earth at the fastest rate of speed causing the earth’s crust to push or slide forward and then pull or slide backward is called a(n) _________________________________ seismic wave. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 55. A type of seismic wave produced by an earthquake which travels at the second fastest rate of speed toward the interior of the earth causing the earth’s crust to move or slide in a side to side or shearing motion is called a(n) ________________________________ seismic wave. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 56. ________________________________ seismic waves are not capable of passing through a liquid. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet P. 113, 57. A type of seismic wave produced by an earthquake that travels at the slowest rate of speed along the surface of the earth’s crust in an up and down motion similar to an ocean wave is called a(n) _________________________ seismic wave. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 58. ____________________________ and ____________________________ seismic waves are classified as being body waves since they travel into the interior of the earth toward the earth’s inner core. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 59. A(n) _______________________________ seismic wave is classified as being a surface wave since it travels along the surface of the earth. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 60. ______________________________ seismic waves are considered by most seismologists to be the most destructive seismic waves. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 61. A(n) _____________________________ or ___________________________ is an instrument that records and measures an earthquake’s seismic waves and the amount of ground motion they cause. P. 114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 62. The ___________________________________ Scale measures the size of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake and the amount of ground motion they cause. P. 114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 63. The Richter Scale ranges in value from ______ to 1_____. P. 114-115, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 64. The smallest value on the Richter scale which a human can detect if they were standing at the epicenter of the earthquake is a(n) _____. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 65. Any earthquake which has a value of ________ or greater on the Richter scale is considered to be a major earthquake. P. 115, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 66. There has never been an earthquake of ______ on the Richter Scale. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 67. Every time you go up by 1 on the Richter Scale the amount of ground motion or movement produced by an earthquake increases ______ times. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 68. An earthquake which has a value of 7 on the Richter Scale produces ________ times more ground motion or movement than an earthquake that has a value of 6 and an earthquake which has a value of 8 Richter Scale produces _______ times more ground motion or movement than an earthquake that has a value of 6. P. 115, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 69. A measurement of the amount of energy released by an earthquake is called the earthquakes . Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet P. 114, 70. The _____________________________ Scale measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. P. 113-114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 71. Every time you go up by 1 on the Moment Magnitude Scale the amount of energy released by an earthquake increases about _______ times. P. 115, Geology Intro Game 72. The _____________________________ Scale is used by seismologists to describe or measure the severity of an earthquake based on the amount of damage and destruction that it causes. P. 114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 73. The Modified Mercalli Scale ranges in value from the Roman numeral ____ to the Roman numeral _____. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 74. An earthquake with a value of _____ on the Modified Mercalli Scale would produce the least amount of damage and destruction while an earthquake of _____ would produce the greatest amount of damage and destruction. P. 114 75. You can have two different earthquakes which both have a value of 6 on the Richter Scale but one of the earthquakes could have a value on the Modified Mercalli Scale that is ____________________ than the other earthquake. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet 76. Some factors which affect the amount of damage and destruction caused by an earthquake are: Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet Geology A. The ______________________________ of the buildings in the area where the earthquake occurred. B. The type of __________________ and __________________ that the seismic waves produced by an earthquake travel through. C. The ________________________________ of the focal point inside the earth. D. How _______________________________ you are to the epicenter of the earthquake. 77. An earthquake which occurs in the earth’s crust beneath the oceans is called a(n) ______________________ earthquake. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet 78. If the crust of the earth beneath the ocean is lifted upward by a thrust (reverse fault) earthquake it may produce a giant sea wave called a(n) ______________________ which may be as high as 30 – 40 meters (90 – 120 feet). Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet