Download Name Period___ Date

UNIT 2 Ecology Test
Name ____________________ Period___ Date ___
C 1. In which seismogram is the time probe placed at the beginning of the P
waves?
B 2. Suppose that an earthquake has just occurred, as pictured below. The
first P wave is shown as the larger circle and the first S wave is shown as the
smaller circle. What would the seismogram in Recording Station A display
at the moment the image below was taken?
A
B
C
D
A 3. Which of the following has the two vertical probes in the proper
position to find the correct value for time difference( T)?
A
B
C
D
C4. An earthquake has just occurred. Seismic waves from the earthquake are
detected at two recording stations. At Recording Station A, T = 45 s. At
Recording Station B, T = 100 s. Which recording station is farther away
from the epicenter?
A. Cannot be determined.
B. A and B are the same distance from the epicenter.
C. B is farther from the epicenter than A.
D. A is farther from the epicenter than B
Part 2: Seasons
A 5. About how long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth?
A. 1 Month
B. 1 Week
C. 1 Day
D. 1 Year
A 6. On March 21, a stick casts the following shadow. What is the most
likely time of day?
A. 9am
B. Noon
C. 3pm
D. 7pm
B 7. Which of the following is NOT true about noon in the Northern
Hemisphere, on January 1?
A. The sun has reached its highest altitude for that day.
B. The sun is directly overhead.
C. Your shadow points due north.
D. Your shadow is the shortest it will be that day.
A 8. The plate below experiences 90 hits from the Sun's rays out of 100
when it is in Position A. How many hits might the same plate experience in
Position B?
A. 64 hits
B. 90 hits
C. 95 hits
D. 100 hits
A 9. Of the plates listed, which will receive the highest number of hits from
the Sun's rays when the Earth is positioned as shown below?
A. Plate C
B. Plate F
C. Plate J
D. Plate A
D10. A person's risk of sunburn on a certain body part is greater the more
directly the Sun's rays hit that body part. If a person is walking outside with
the Sun directly overhead, what body part has the greatest risk for sunburn?
(Assume that none of the body parts mentioned below are covered by a hat
or hair or anything.)
A. Forehead
B. Nose
C. Chin
D. Top of Ears
MATCHING – Seasons Set 1
D 11. one of the two days of the year
A. Axis
when the sun reaches its greatest
B. Revolution
distance north or south.
C. Azimuth
B 12. movement of an object around
D. Solstice
another object.
E. Equinox
A13. imaginary line around which an
object rotates.
E 14. One of the two days of the year
where the length of the day is equal to
the length of the night.
C 15. The direction of the sun in the sky.
Measured in degrees.
MATCHING – Seasons Set 2
E_16. usually based on regular weather
A. Summer Solstice
changes
B. Direct Sunlight
A17. longest day of the year
C. Indirect Sunlight
D_18. shortest day of the year
D. Winter Solstice
B19. strikes Earth at close to a 90 degree E. Season
angle
C_20. strikes Earth’s surface at an angle
of less than 90 degrees.
B 21. Ozone is important to organisms because:
A. The Ozone provides most of the water in the atmosphere.
B. It filters out the Sun’s harmful UV radiation.
C. It provides air for organisms to breathe.
D. Organisms get vital nutrients from the Ozone layer.
22. D Choose the ozone molecule.
A. O2
B. OH
C. Oz
D. O3
23. Even though the Earth’s inner core is hotter than the liquid outer core, it is still solid
because —
a the heat rising from the inner core is melting the outer core
b there is more water in the outer core and it dilutes the materials
c the outer core is farther from the center, and there is less gravity holding it
together
d the pressure from all of Earth’s layers keeps it in a solid state
Correctly label the following on the diagram:
24. MantleB
A
25. CrustA
B
26. Inner CoreD
27. Outer CoreC
C
D
Choose the Correct Layer:
a. athenosphere
b. lithosphere
c. crust d. core
28. A This layer flows like hot asphalt and the convection currents within it are
responsible for the movement of the solid continental plates.
29. BThis plate is composed of the crust and the upper mantle. It has solid components.
30. C This layer is thin compared to the others.
31. D This layer is composed of metals. Temperatures and pressure are extremely high in
this layer. In fact, if we traveled to this layer we would compressed to the size of a marble
due to the extreme pressure.
Answer the questions using the letters indicated for each
layer of the atmosphere.
a. Troposphere
e. Stratosphere
b. Ozone layer
100km
32. D
33. C
50km
34 E
36. B
35. A
0k
m
-80
-60
-40
-20
-10
0
10
20
c. Mesosphere
d. Thermosphere
a. Troposphere
e. Stratosphere
b. Ozone layer
c. Mesosphere
37. A all weather is located
38. C coldest layer
39. E ozone is located in this layer
40. The theory of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
plate tectonics explains
the occurrence of earthquakes.
the occurrence of volcanoes.
movement of earth's plates.
the occurrence of mountains.
All of these answers.
41. The massive plates which we live on are part of the
a. continental crust
b. oceanic crust
c. mantle
d. core
42. Tectonic plates move apart in opposite directions at a(n)
a. divergent plate boundary.
b. transform fault.
c. convergent plate boundary.
d. subduction zone.
e. mantle fault.
43. Tectonic plates move towards each other at a(n)
a. divergent plate boundary.
b. transform fault.
c. convergent plate boundary.
d. subduction zone.
e. mantle fault.
44. Tectonic plates slide past each other at a(n)
a. divergent plate boundary.
b. transform fault.
c. convergent plate boundary.
d. subduction zone.
e. mantle fault.
d. Thermosphere
Fill in the following at the correct
point on the diagram
a. igneous rock
46. A
b. sedimentary rock
47. B
c. magma
d. metamorphic rock
45. C
Matching
a. igneous rock
b. metamorphic rock
c. sedimentary rock
48. D
49. Bslate, marble
50. C Limestone, sandstone
51. A Basalt, granite
52. Soil is a mixture of weathered rock and _______.
a. water and air
b. decayed organic matter
c. mineral fragments
d. all of the above
53. Soil contains the highest percentage of
a. Water
b. Air
c. Organic matter
d. Mineral fragments
54. The surface processes that work to break down rock are called ________.
a. erosion
b. permeability
c. deflation d. weathering
Match the correct causes of the types of weathering
55. b physical weathering
a. tree roots and lichen
56. c chemical weathering
b. wind, rain, water freezing
57. a biological weathering
c. acid, gases, water
58. Lichen is actually two organisms living in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship. Name
the two organisms.
a. fungus and grass
b. fungus and algae
c. algae and bacteria
d. fungus & bacteria
59. Lichen contributes to weathering through the secretion of
a. acids
b. water
c. noxious gases
d. organic matter
Part IV. Soil Horizons
Choose the correct soil horizon:
a. O horizon
b. A horizon
c. B horizon
d. C horizon
e. bedrock
60. a This soil horizon is generally a rich, dark brown, is high in organic matter and
contains many roots, including shallow fibrous roots
61. eThis layer consists of a sheet of rock
62. C This layer contains minerals that have been carried through the soil by water, some
rocks, and clay. You will find some rocks in this layer.
63. B This layer contains a lot of organic matter. You would find deeper tap roots in this
layer, but not as many fibrous roots.
64. D This layer contains larger rocks that have been broken up from the bedrock.
65. How long does it generally take one centimeter of soil to form?
a. 1-4 years
b. 100-400 years
c. 1000 years
d. 10,000 years
Choose the correct soil horizon:
a. O horizon
b. A horizon
c. B horizon
d. C horizon
Fill in your answers in the spots to the right.
66 A
67 B
68C
69D
www2.nrcs.usda.gov/teachers/soil_profil.htm
70. Soil formation begins when rock is broken down by _____.
a. erosion
b. weathering
c. decomposition
d. melting
e. bedrock
71-75. Label the following on the diagram
74a. focus b. 71 epicenter
75c. P waves
e. fault 73e
72 d. S waves
76. The pattern of earthquakes and volcanic events around the Pacific Ocean is called the
A. Ring of Disaster
C. Ring of Fire
B. Tectonic Zone
D. Magma Zone
a. subduction
b. pyroclastic flow c. tephra
d. fumarole
e. ground deformation
77. DA hole or vent in the ground near a volcano that emits gases from the volcano
78. AThe edge of one crustral plate is forced under another plate.
79. BA volcanic eruption consisting mainly of fragmented rock. This type is extremely
dangerous. Example: Mount Saint Helens.
80. CPost-eruption layers of land composed of volcanic lava and fragmented rock.
81. E Bulges in the Earth’s surface caused by swelling in a volcano’s magma chamber.
82. Many of the sugar maples that I saw this fall were a vibrant orange color. We can
expect that the dominant pigment showing in these leaves was
a. chlorophyll
b. xanophyll
c. carotene
d. anthocyanin
83-88. Short answer. Choose 3. 2 points each. Write answers below.
A. Where is ozone found when it is harmful to us? Ground level (troposphere)
B. Why aren’t the Appalacians as tall and rugged as the Rocky Mountains? weathering
C. What did you learn from going outside and using the magnifying glasses? Use
complete sentences. Use terms we have discussed in class to explain important
concepts.Indirect sunlight is not as powerful as direct sunlight because fewer rays reach
the earth’s surface if it is indirect sunlight. The rays are more focused with direct
sunlight. This relates to the tilt of the Earth’s axis and how the Earth’s position in relation
to the sun affects the seasons.
D. How does sedimentary rock change to metamorphic rock? Heat & pressure over time
E. Describe the benefits that the two organisms making up lichen give each other. Algae
provide food (photosynthesis) and the fungus provides protection for the algae
F. What are the important benefits of volcanoes? *Vents for heat & pressure from the
Earth’s inner layers. *New land formation. *Provides nutrient rich soil.
G. Why do leaves change colors in the fall, AND what triggers the change? The
chlorophyll breaks down and other pigments which were already present (carotene,
anthocyanin, xanophyll, etc.) are able to be seen. Shorter days and colder temperatures
trigger the change.
H. What is the difference between weathering and erosion? Weathering processes break
down rocks, whereas erosion transports sediments.
I. Explain the importance of soil. Without soil we would have no life on Earth. Plants
grow in the soil and plants represent the basis of our food chain.
Longer answer, REQUIRED. 4 points.
89-92. Describe the human cause of the increased surface temperature of the
Earth. Be specific! How is the current global warming trend different from
past warming trends?
Many human activities that involve burning fossil fuels release greenhouse
gases, especially CO2. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which means
that it traps heat in the atmosphere, causing the surface temperature to
increase.
93-100. Required, 4 points each. Describe the following leaf types, AND
identify the leaves using a dichotomous key. The following is a
wordbank you can use, but please use only the terms which apply.
Leaf margin
coarsely toothed
toothed
alternate
scale-like
Entire
Wavy
Finely toothed
doubly toothed
incurved teeth
blunty
lobed
pinnate
palmate
opposite
compound
simple
needle-like
Needle-like, Eastern white pine
These leaves are found
opposite of one another on
Palmately compound
Finely toothed margin
Buckeye
the branch.
Extra Credit:
1. Name at least one type of seismic surface wave. (more EC for both)
2. Explain why last year’s earthquake felt in Charlottesville was felt as far as
Pennsylvania.