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Energy and Environmental Consequences – TEP4220 syllabus, v 10 jan '07 Lecture: Tuesdays 8:15-10:00 B2 Lecture: Fridays 14:15-16:00 KJL3 Exercise: Tuesdays 18:15-19:00 MA24 (likely to change) Exam: 22.5 1500-1900 Spring semester 2007 Instructors Professor Edgar Hertwich (EH), [email protected] 1.Amanuensis Anders Strømman (AS), [email protected] Teaching Assistant Marte Reenaas, [email protected] Fagets Timetall 4F + 1Øu + 7 Øs F: Forelesning Øu: Øvingsundervisning Øs: Selvstendig arbeid med øvings oppgaver Goal This course covers different environmental impacts of energy technology and the methods with which these impacts are assessed and included in decision making. The goal of the course is that students understand the impacts and their basic mechanism. They should be able to conduct simple assessments of these impacts, using mathematical models to quantify the consequences. Prerequisits Two years (30 credits) of university-level mathematics, physics or chemistry or instructor's permission. Content This course presents an in-depth study of assessment methods used to evaluate the environmental consequences of energy systems, including risk analysis, life-cycle assessment, and external cost assessment. The impacts include ecological and human health risks from various different emissions (particulate matter, sulfur, nitrogen, heavy metals etc.) as well as climate change. Students will learn how to evaluate the environmental and human health impacts of a specific energy technology. The course covers the use of toxicological and epidemiological data in risk analysis, the modeling of the fate and exposure of pollutants, and the assessment of impacts from climate change. The course emphasizes the skill of turning real-world problems into simple mathematical models. These models can be solved either on paper (maybe using a calculator) or in a spreadsheet. We go through mass balance models, matrix manipulations and regression models. Exercises will make use of MatLab, and models will be built in this mathematical programming environment. Grading Grading is based on a written exam (50%), as well as exercises and class participation (50%). Reading J. Houghton, 2004, Global Warming – The complete briefing. Cambridge. Sections of the following material will be provided: DM Kammen and DM Hassenzahl, 1999, Should we risk it? Princeton. N De Nevers, 2000, Air pollution control engineering, 2nd ed., McGrawHill. J Harte, 1988, Consider a spherical cow – A course in environmental problem solving. University Science Books. EG Hertwich and J. Pettersen, 2007, Energy and Pollution. NTNU. Schedule 9.1 Introduction: The environmental consequences of energy use (EH) Technologies – Emissions – Distribution – Exposure – Damage 12.1 16.1 19.1 23.1 26.1 Risk analysis - introduction (EH) Reading: Should we risk it? Chapter 2 Lecture: Presentation basic concepts – slides Example calculation, BaP from smoking Combustion: Basic stoichiometry and energetics (AS) Combustion: Temperature, NOx formation (AS) Material balances as the basis of environment fate and exposure modeling (EH) Reading: Energy and pollution, sections 1-3 Lecture: Stirred tank flow reactor – solutions; extensions In-class exercise or quiz Air Pollution: Meteorology Reading: Air Pollution Control Engineering, Chapter 5 Lecture: Wind, atmospheric stability, adiabatic mixing height 30.1 Air Pollution: Gaussian Plume models Reading: Air Pollution Control Engineering, Chapter 6 Lecture: Model derivation, plume rise, application to SO2 2.2 6.2 9.2 Air Pollution: Atmospheric reactions Lecture: Review of issues connected to SO2, NOx, particulates, ozone smog, organic chemicals Multimedia environmental fate: Solving the mass balances (EH) Reading: Energy and pollution, Section 4 Lecture: Solving multimedia mass balance equations in steady state and dynamic conditions Matlab tutorial (HNL) Content: Building a multimedia environmental fate model 13.2 16.2 Intermedia transfer: diffusion and advection processes (EH) Lecture: Fugacity concept. equipartitioning, diffusive processes, advective transport Exposure modeling Lecture: Exposure calculations for a number of pathways 20.2 23.2 26.2-9.3 13.3 16.3 20.3 23.3 27-30.3 2.-10.4 13.4. Detecting and estimating toxic responses: toxicology (EH) Reading: Should we risk it? Chapter 5 Lecture: Toxicology, animal testing, risk estimation issue, type of information we can gain Detecting and estimating toxic responses: epidemiology (EH) Reading: Should we risk it? Chapter 6 Lecture: Human populations, study types and designs, power of studies Tiltaksukene /MatLab problem set Human health risks: Issues and perspectives Lecture: Risk estimation issues and comparative risk projects Ecological risk assessment (Johan Pettersen) Reading: Energy and Pollution, Section 5 Ecological risk assessment (Johan Pettersen) Climate change – introduction, radiation balance model Reading: Houghton, Ch 1+2 Excursions Easter holiday Greenhouse gases, carbon balance Reading: Houghton, Ch 3 17.4. Modelling the climate Reading: Houghton, Ch 5 20.4. Regional climate effects; Guest lecture Ivar Berthling, Geography Department Reading: Houghton, Ch 6 24.4 Climates of the past; Guest lecture Terje Thun, Biology Department Reading: Houghton, Ch 4 27.4 The impacts of climate change Reading: Houghton, Ch 7 4.5. Weighing the uncertainty Reading: Houghton, Ch 8+9 8.5 Externalities of energy systems