Download Name Date ______ Midterm.Review.Fill

Name __________________________________________
Midterm.Review.Fill-ins
Date __________
Directions: Use the word banks provided to complete the following statements.
The Microscope
1.
The process of enlarging the image of a specimen is called ______________________.
2.
A/An _________________________ is an instrument that makes small objects look larger.
3.
A compound microscope uses two or more ______________ lenses. Each convex lens bends
light to make the object appear larger.
4.
The best way to carry a microscope is to hold the ________ and the base.
5.
The place where the specimen is placed for viewing is called the ___________________.
6.
A light microscope uses a/an _______________ source to view objects.
7.
________________________________ is the ability of a microscope to focus on two
separate, very close objects at the same time.
8.
An electron microscope uses a beam of ________________ to produce magnification.
9.
The scientist, whose name is most associated with the early use of the microscope and the
discovery of microbes, living, single-celled organisms, is
___________________________________________. He observed cells that were alive –
living, singled-celled organisms.
1
Cells
1. All living things are made of small units called _________________
.
2. The scientist whose name is most associated with the identification and naming of cells is
______________________________.
He discovered cells that were actually dead in a slice of cork.
3.
The organelle responsible for turning food and oxygen into energy is the
__________________________.
4.
The organelle responsible for assembling proteins is the _________________________.
They are tiny grain-like structures.
5.
The organelle responsible for storing food, water, wastes, and other materials is the
__________________________.
6.
The organelle responsible for controlling the activities of the cell is the
___________________________.
7.
The organelle responsible for packaging proteins is the _________________________.
8.
The structure responsible for controlling what goes in and what goes out of the cell is the
_______________________________________.
9.
The organelle responsible for transporting proteins is the ____________________________.
10.
The organelle responsible for releasing chemicals that break down large food molecules and
waste products in the cell into smaller molecules is the ________________________.
11.
The organelle in which photosynthesis takes place is the ____________________________.
12.
All living things are made of cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all
living things. All cells come from other living cells. These ideas make up the
_________________________________.
13.
There are two types of cells. Cells that do not have their genetic material enclosed in a
nucleus are called _____________________________. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Cells
that do have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus are called eukaryotic. Plants,
animals, fungi, and protists are ________________________________
14.
Prokaryotic cells like bacteria cells are _______________________ than eukaryotic cells.
15.
Some organisms are single-celled. Other organisms are multi-celled.
________________________ organisms tend to have different shapes and sizes of cells.
2
Chemistry of Life
1.
A/An ________________________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into any
simpler substance by any typical means. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the
elements that make up the bulk of living things. Remember: CHON.
2.
A/An ___________________________ is a chemical combination of two or more
elements.
3.
Elements come together to form compounds through the process of sharing or capturing
electrons. This process is called ___________________________.
4.
The chemical compounds that are associated with living things contain the element,
carbon. These compounds are called _____________________ compounds.
5.
The major organic compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, __________________, and
________________________________.
6.
Sugars and starches are __________________________. Sugar molecules can be
combined to form larger molecules called starches. They provide fast energy.
7.
__________________________ are fats, waxes, and oils. They provide stored energy.
8.
Proteins are made up building blocks called _______________________________.
Proteins are used by the body for building, healing, and speeding chemical reactions.
9.
Two types of nucleic acids are _______________ and RNA. They carry the instructions
for all life activities.
Cell Transport
1.
The process by which molecules move from an area where they are in a higher concentration
to an area where they are in a lower concentration is called diffusion, a form of
_______________________ transport.
2.
Water diffuses through a selectively permeable cell membrane by a special process called
________________________, another form of ______________________ transport.
3.
Both _________________________ and osmosis are forms of passive transport during
which a cell does not have to use any energy.
4.
A method of cell transport that requires a cell to use _________________ to move materials
from one area to another is called active transport.
3
Cell Processes
1.
The process responsible for producing most of Earth’s _________________________ is
photosynthesis.
2.
Almost all life on Earth depends on ___________________________.
3.
The raw materials of photosynthesis are __________________ and carbon dioxide.
4.
The products of photosynthesis are ________________________ and oxygen.
5.
The green pigment, ________________________ is packaged in small organelles called
_______________________________. Chlorophyll captures light energy of the sun to power
the process of photosynthesis.
6.
Organisms that produce their own food during photosynthesis are called
_________________________.
7.
The small holes on the undersides of leaves that allow carbon dioxide to enter are called
____________________________.
8.
Organisms that cannot produce their own food are called ________________________.
9.
_______________________________________ in the process by which cells break down
simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.
10.
Small amounts of energy are released during the respiration that takes place in the
___________________________ of a cell. The stage of respiration that produces the greatest
amount of energy takes place in the ____________________________ of cells.
11.
The raw materials of cellular respiration are glucose and _______________________.
12.
The products of cellular respiration are ___________________, carbon dioxide, and water.
13.
Some cells are able to obtain energy from food without oxygen. This process is called
_____________________________. This process does not produce as much energy as
respiration.
14.
One type of fermentation takes place in the muscle cells of a human. When respiration cannot
provide enough energy to muscle cells after running fast or hard exercise, the cells begin to
use ________________________ fermentation as a source of energy. Lactic acid
fermentation does not produce much energy and the lactic acid produces painful muscles.
15.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are ________________________
and complementary. This means that the products of one are the raw materials of the other.
4
The Cell Cycle and Cancer
1. The entire life of a cell from formation to division is called the
_______________________________.
2. Entire cells divide to form exact copies of themselves during the process of
______________________________________.
3. Most of a cell’s life is spent in the stage called __________________. During the last
part of interphase, the cell’s DNA __________________ in preparation for cell division.
4. The final stage of cell division is called cytokinesis. During
________________________ two new, identical ______________________ cells are
formed.
5. The part of the cell cycle that involves just the division of a nucleus into two identical
nuclei is called ________________. (The phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.)
6. Mitosis is possible because ___________is a self-replicating molecule. It can zip down
the middle and produce complementary copies of each side.
7. The DNA molecule is called a ___________________________. It looks like a twisted
ladder or a spiral staircase.
8. Each rung of the “ladder” is made up of pairs of___________________ bases.
9. Prior to mitosis, all of the DNA in a cell makes copies of itself so that the two resulting
daughter cells will be identical to the parent cell. This process is called
____________________________________.
10. Cancer is a group of over ____________diseases in which some body cells grow and
divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
11. A _______________________ is a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous
cells divide and grown uncontrollably.
12. Cancer can spread when cells break off a tumor and are carried through the body by the
______________________________.
13. There are three main ways of treating cancer. Surgery removes the cancerous tumors;
radiation kills the cancer cells with high energy beams; ______________________ kills
cancer cells with drugs.
14. Some cancers are preventable. For example, the use of_______________________
(smoking) is the major cause of lung cancer.
15. Another factor that may lead to as many cancer deaths as tobacco is an
_________________________________.
5
Word Banks
Microscope
resolution
magnification
nosepiece
Robert Hooke
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
diaphragm
light
convex
electrons
microscope
stage
arm
Cells
unicellular
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
Mathias Schleiden
Robert Hooke
ribosome
cell theory
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
vacuole
lysosome
Golgi body
cell membrane
cell wall
endoplasmic reticulum
cells
multicellular
smaller
larger
Chemistry of Life
DNA
element
compound
amino acids
organic
inorganic
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
grouping
6
bonding
Cell Transport
passive
osmosis
energy
passive
diffusion
active
Cell Processes
opposite
oxygen
lactic acid
glucose
fermentation
chlorophyll
energy
chloroplasts
autotrophs
heterotrophs
oxygen
stomata
mitochondria
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
cytoplasm
water
Cell Cycle and Cancer
unhealthy diet
tobacco
cell division
bloodstream
cell cycle
chemotherapy
interphase
replicates
tumor
cytokinesis
daughter
100
1000
mitosis
replication
nitrogen
DNA
RNA
double helix
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
7