Download Revision Dot Points sem 2 Test

Unit 1 Biology 2013
The MacRobertson Girls’ High School
VCE Biology – Unit 1
Assessment Task 2: TEST
Advice Regarding the Test:
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Your second assessment task for Semester 2 will be a test on chapters 6, 7, 9 and part of 8.
This will take place in the last week of term 3.
The test will consist of multiple choice and short answer questions and take approximately 40 minutes of
class time.
Chapter 6, 8(only gas exchange in plants)7, 9 Key Points
Chapter 6
 Photosynthesis: equation-reactant and products(fate of the products of photosynthesis)
 Factors affecting rate(limiting factors)
 Role of chlorophyll
 Colour of light needed for photosynthesis.
 Compensation point (point which the rate of p/s =rate of respn): how to interpret this graph and what will be
happening in terms of gas exchange at each point.
 Minerals: method of uptake: mostly active (what does this mean, what does it require?)
 Uptake of water by root hairs-by osmosis
Chapter 7
 Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. For each you should know smaller subunits that compose each (e.g.
proteins-amino acids, lipids-glycerol and fatty acids, carbohydrates-monosaccharides eg glucose) which are
the products of digestion, general food sources of each, the enzyme group that is responsible for the digestion
of each.
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Feeding classifications Autotrophs v’s heterotrophs: Describe the general ways in which animals feed 
omnivores, herbivores, carnivores and their structure-function adaptation: including teeth types and position,
skull structure and length of different parts of intestine, presence of caecum etc.
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Why is digestion necessary?
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Distinguish between and describe the 4 stages of the digestive process: ingestion, digestion, absorption and
egestion.
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Distinguish chemical digestion from physical or mechanical digestion
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Explain how chemical digestion generally involves enzyme activity – in environments provided by SPECIFIC
compartments of the digestive system and how the correct pH for enzyme activity is achieved in the following
compartments; stomach(release of HCl from gastric layer of stomach wall makes pH of stomach acidic-ph1-2)
and small intestines(bicarbonate in pancreatic juice and bile salts in bile are released into the duodenum
making pH about 7-8)
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Define: digestion, enzyme, active site, substrate, specificity, emulsification
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Describe the specific digestive functions of the components of the digestive systems – ie all parts of the
alimentary canal and the associated glands (liver and pancreas).
mouth(role of teeth tongue epiglottis)
oesophagus: peristalsis to move food along
stomach: Storage of food. Secretion of HCl(pH-1-2) and pepsinogen pepsin. responsible for chemical digestion
of protein
small intestine:
liver: bile (stored in gall bladder prior to
release) function of BILE is to emulsify
 duodenum organs that add secretions to the duodenum
lipids to increase the surface area upon
which lipase acts. (note bile not an
enzyme?
pancreas: secretion of pancreatic juiceBicarbonate ions and enzymes. Function:
-1neutralize chyme and further chem. Dign
of carbohydrates and proteins
Unit 1 Biology 2013
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ileum: structure and function of villi (including microvilli) and which nutrients(glucose and amino acids) are
absorbed into capillaries(for transport in blood circulatory system) and which into the lacteal(fatty acids and
glycerol(for transport in lymph system)
large intestine
 colon: further absorption of water (note most is absorbed in small intestine though), synthesis of some
vitamins by bacteria
 rectum:storage of faeces
anus: sphincter muscle that controls the release of faeces
Where are sphincter muscles located along the alimentary canal and what is their general purpose.
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Outline the location(s) of the digestion of specific nutrients: Where does the chemical digestion of each of the
following commence: carbohydrates, proteins
(some controversy about lipids. Your text talks about gastric lipase, however many references don’t mention lipid
digestion until the duodenum. There is also lipase produced by the tongue. (we will avoid testing this point due to
this issue)
Chapter 8
Gas exchange in plants:
 Structure and role of stomata in leaves
 Role of cuticle in terms of reduction of evaporative water loss across the epidermis.
 That gas exchange occurs by diffusion. During the day as the rate of photosynthesis exceeds the rate of
respiration, there is a net loss of oxygen from the leaves by diffusion and a net uptake of carbon dioxide
also by diffusion.
 Diffusion is a passive process.
 The rate of diffusion depends on temp. and size of the concentration gradient of the gas in question.
Chapter 9
Circulation in animals
 Roles/functions of a circulatory system
 Open versus closed circulatory systems
 Types of organisms that do not require a circulatory system
 Blood: composition: plasma, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leucocytes (white blood cells) and platelets. The
structure and function of the various components.
 What materials are carried to cells in plasma, and on red blood cells
 Which materials are carried from cells to body in blood
 How the composition of the blood changes as it passes through a bed of capillaries and exchange of
material occurs between the tissue and the blood within the capillaries.
 Mammalian heart- composing muscle type, structure of heart and how it related to the function of each
chamber; blood vessels that lead to and from the heart. Function of the heart, how blood moves through
the heart and the function of valves.
 Relate heart rate to body functioning.
 Compare 4 chambered heart of mammal with 3 chambered heart of frog and 2 chambered heart of fish.
Why aren’t they all the same? (TIME PERMITTING???)
 Structure and function of veins/capillaries/arteries and how structure relates to their function.(relative
pressure in each type of vessel and relate this to thickness of walls) Be able to distinguish these blood
vessels based on both structure and function
 How blood pressure differs in various parts of the circulatory system
 Role of lymphatic system in returning tissue fluid into circulation (TIME PERMITTING)
Transport in plants
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Leaf structure and function.
Structure and function of stoma
Structure of xylem and phloem
Transpiration definition and the factors that affect its rate: (humidity level, temp, wind)
Translocation
Concept of ringbarking
Monocot and dicot TS sections of root and stem; location of vascular tissue
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